References
Primary sources
- al-Khowayter, A. 1960. Muhji al-Din Ibn ‘Abd al-Zahir, ‘Al-Ruad Al-Zahir Fi Sirat Al-Malik Al-Zahir’. A Critical Edition of an Unknown Source for the Life of al-Malik al-Zahir Bairbars: with Introduction Translation and Notes (2 vols). PhD. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
- Cobb, P. (ed.). 2008. Usama ibn Munqidh, The Book of Contemplation: Islam and the Crusades. Translated by P. Cobb, 2008. London: Penguin.
- Comte de Loisne. 1924. Cartulaire de la Commanderie des Templiers de Sommereux. Paris and Beauvais: Champion.
- de Curzon, H. (ed.). 1886. La Règle du Temple. Paris: Nogent-le-Rotrou.
- Delaville Le Roulx, J. (ed.). 1894–1906. Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem: 1100–1300 (4 vols). Paris: E. Leroux.
- Gérard, P. and Magnou, E. (eds). 1965. Cartulaires des Templiers de Douzens. Paris: Bibliotheque Nationale.
- Hagenmeyer, H. (ed.). 1901. Die Kreuzzugsbriefe aus den Jahren, 1088–1100: Eine Quellensammlung zur Geschichte des ersten Kreuzzuges. Innsbruck: Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.
- Huygens, R. (ed.). 1986. Willelmi Tyrensis Archiepiscopi: Chronicon (2 vols). Turnhout: Brepols.
- Laurent, J. (ed.). 1864. Wilbrandi de Oldenborg: Peregrinatio. In, Laurent, J. (ed.), Peregrinatores Medii Aevi Quatuor: 161–90. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs Bibliopola.
- Marquis de Ripert-Monclar (ed.). 1907. Cartulaire de la Commanderie de Richerenches de l'Ordre du Temple: 1136–1214. Avignon and Paris: Seguin and Champion.
- Michelet, M. (ed.). 1841–1851. Procès des Templiers (2 vols). Paris: Imprimerie Royale.
- Richards, D. S. (trans.). 2007. The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir for the Crusading Period from al-Kamil fi'l-Ta'rikh. Part 2: The Years 541–589/1146–1193: The Age of Nur al-Din and Saladin. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Secondary sources
- Attiya, H. 1999. Knowledge of Arabic in the crusader states in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Journal of Medieval History 25: 203–213. doi: 10.1016/S0304-4181(98)00022-0
- Baldwin, M. 1969. The decline and fall of Jerusalem, 1174–1189. In, Baldwin, M. and Setton, K. (eds). A History of the Crusades: Volume 1, The First Hundred Years: 590–621. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
- Barber, M. 1992. Supplying the crusader states: the role of the Templars. In, Kedar, B. (ed.), The Horns of Hattin: 314–26. London: Variorum and Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi.
- Barber, M. 1994. The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Barber, M. 2008. The reputation of Gerard of Ridefort. In, Upton-Ward (ed.), The Military Orders: Volume 4, on Land and by Sea: 111–20. Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Blanks, D., and Frassetto, M. 1999. Introduction. In, Blanks, D. and Frassetto, M. (eds), Western Views of Islam in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Perception of Other: 1–9. Basingstoke: MacMillan.
- Boas, A. 2006. Archaeology of the Military Orders: A Survey of the Urban Centres, Rural Settlements and Castles of the Military Orders in the Latin East (c.1120–1291). Abingdon: Routledge.
- Bronstein, J. 2005. The Hospitallers and the Holy Land: Financing the Latin East, 1187–1274. Woodbridge: Boydell.
- Bulst-Thiele, M.-L. 1974. Sacrae Domus Militiae Templi Hierosolymitani: Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des Templerordens 1118/19–1314. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht.
- Burgtorf, J. 2008. The Central Convent of the Hospitallers and Templars: History, Organization, and Personnel (1099–1310). Leiden: Brill.
- Carraz, D. 2006. L'Ordre du Temple dans la Basse Vallée du Rhône (1124–1312) Ordres Militaires, Croisades et Sociétés Méridionales. Lyon: Presses universitaires de Lyon.
- Claverie, P. 2009. Baybars. In, Bériou, N. and Josserand, P. (eds), Prier et Combattre: Dictionnaire Européen des Ordres Militaires au Moyen Âge: 148. Paris: Fayard.
- Demurger, A. 1985. Vie et mort de L'Ordre du Temple. Paris: Seuil.
- Demurger, A. 2005. Les Templiers: Une Chevalerie Chrétienne au Moyen Âge. Paris: Seuil.
- Edgington, S. 1996. The doves of war: the part played by carrier pigeons in the crusades. In, Balard, M. (ed.), Autour de la Première Croisade: 167–75. Paris: Sorbonne.
- Edgington, S. 1998. Medical care in the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem. In, Nicholson, H. (ed.), The Military Orders: Volume 2, Welfare and Warfare: 27–33. Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Edgington, S. 2005. Administrative regulations for the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem dating from the 1180s. Crusades 4: 21–37.
- Ellenblum, R. 2002. Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Forey, A. 1985. The emergence of the Military Order in the twelfth century. Journal of Ecclesiastical History 36: 175–195. doi: 10.1017/S0022046900038707
- Forey, A. 1991. The military orders and the ransoming of captives from Islam (twelfth to early fourteenth centuries). Studia Monastica 33: 259–79.
- Forey, A. 1992. The Military Orders: From the Twelfth Century to the Early Fourteenth Centuries. Basingstoke: Macmillan Education.
- Forey, A. 2002. The military orders and the conversion of Muslims in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Journal of Medieval History 28: 1–22. doi: 10.1016/S0304-4181(01)00014-8
- Friedman, Y. 2002. Encounter between Enemies: Captivity and Ransom in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Leiden: Brill.
- Gervers, M. 1992. Donations to the Hospitallers in England in the wake of the second crusade. In, Gervers, M. (ed.), The Second Crusade and the Cistercians: 155–61. New York: St Martin's Press.
- Holt, P. M. 1995. Early Mamluk Diplomacy (1260–1290): Treaties of Baybars and Qalāwūn, Islamic History and Civilization: Studies and Texts XII. Leiden: Brill.
- Housley, N. 2008. Fighting for the Cross: Crusading to the Holy Land. New Haven and London: Yale.
- Irwin, R. 1994. How many miles to Babylon? The Devise des Chemins de Babiloine redated. In, Barber, M. (ed.), The Military Orders: Fighting for the Faith and Caring for the Sick: 57–63. Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Josserand, P. 2009. Saint Blaise. In, Bériou, N. and Josserand, P. (eds), Prier et Combattre: Dictionnaire Européen des Ordres Militaires au Moyen Âge: 159–60. Paris: Fayard.
- Kahl, H.-D. 1993. Die spiritualität der ritterorden als problem: ein methodischer essay. In, Nowak, Z. H. (ed.), Die Spiritualität der Ritterorden als Problem im Mittelalter: 271–95. Torún.
- Kedar, B. 1984. Crusade and Mission: European Approaches towards Muslims. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Kedar, B. 1998. A twelfth-century description of the Jerusalem Hospital. In, Nicholson, H. (ed.), The Military Orders: Volume 2, Welfare and Warfare: 3–26. Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Kedar, B. 2001. Convergences of oriental Christian, Muslim and Frankish worshippers: the case of Saydnaya and the Knights Templar. In, Hunyadi, Z. and Laszlovszky, J. (eds), The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontiers of Medieval Latin Christianity: 89–100. Budapest: Central European University.
- Kedar, B. and Aslanov, C. 2010. Problems in the study of trans-cultural borrowing in the Frankish Levant. In, Borgolte, M. and Schneidmüller, B. (eds), Hybride Kulturen im Mittelalterlichen Europa: Vorträge und Workshops einer Internationalen Frühlingsschule: 277–85. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.
- La Monte, J. 1932. Feudal Monarchy in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100 to 1291. Cambridge, MA: The Medieval Academy of America.
- Latiff, O. 2013. Qur'anic Imagery, Jesus and the Creation of a Pious-Warrior Ethos in the Muslim Poetry of the Anti-Frankish Jihad. In, Jensen, K., Salonen, K., and Vogt, H. (eds), Cultural Encounters during the Crusades: 135–52. Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark.
- Licence, T. 2005. The templars and the hospitallers, Christ and the saints. Crusades 4: 39–57.
- Licence, T. 2006. The military orders as monastic orders. Crusades 5: 39–53.
- Marshall, C. 1994. Warfare in the Latin East: 1192–1291. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Micheau, F. 2009. Usâma ibn Munqidh. In, Bériou, N. and Josserand, P. (eds), Prier et Combattre: Dictionnaire Européen des Ordres Militaires au Moyen Âge: 946–47. Paris: Fayard.
- Mitchell, P. 2004. Medicine in the Crusades: Warfare, Wounds and the Medieval Surgeon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Morton, N. 2009. The Teutonic Knights in the Holy Land, 1190–1291. Woodbridge: Boydell.
- Morton, N. 2010. The defence of the Holy Land and the memory of the Maccabees. Journal of Medieval History 36: 275–293. doi: 10.1016/j.jmedhist.2010.06.002
- Nicholson, H. 1995. Templars, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights: Images of the Military Orders, 1128–1291. Leicester: Leicester University Press.
- Nicholson, H. 2004. The Knights Templar: A New History. Stroud: Sutton.
- Nicholson, H. 2010. At the heart of medieval London: the New Temple in the Middle Ages. In, Griffith-Jones, R. and Park, D. (eds), The Temple Church in London: History, Architecture, Art: 1–18. Woodbridge: Boydell.
- Phillips, J. 1996. Defenders of the Holy Land: Relations between the Latin East and the West, 1119–1187. Oxford: Clarendon.
- Phillips, J. 2014. The Crusades: 1095–1204. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.
- Prawer, J. 1980. Crusader Institutions. Oxford: Clarendon.
- Prawer, J. 2001. The Crusaders’ Kingdom: European Colonialism in the Middle Ages. London: Praeger.
- Riley-Smith, J. 2002. Hospitaller spirituality in the Middle Ages. Journal of Spirituality 2: 1–4.
- Riley-Smith, J. 2007. The military orders and the East, 1149–1291. In, Housley, N. (ed.), Knighthoods of Christ: Essays on the History of the Crusades and the Knights Templar, presented to Malcolm Barber: 137–49. Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Riley-Smith, J. 2012. The Knights Hospitaller in the Levant, c.1070–1309. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Ross, L. 2003. Relations between the Latin East and Western Europe, 1187–1291. PhD. Royal Holloway University.
- Runciman, S. 1952. A History of the Crusades 2: The Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Said, E. 1978. Orientalism. London: Penguin.
- Salvadó, S. 2010. Icons, crosses and the liturgical objects of Templar chapels in the crown of Aragon. In, Burgtorf, J., Crawford, P. F. and Nicholson, H. J. (eds), The Debate on the Trial of the Templars (1307–1314): 183–98. Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Scarpellini, P. 1987. La Chiesa di San Bevignate, i Templari e la pittura perugina del Duecento. In, Roncetti, M., Scarpellini, P. and Tommasi, F. (eds), Templari e Ospitalieri in Italia: La Chiesa di San Bevignate a Perugia: 93–158. Milan: Electa.
- Schenk, J. 2010. Nomadic violence in the first Kingdom of Jerusalem and the military orders. Reading Medieval Studies 36: 39–55.
- Schenk, J. 2011. Some hagiographical evidence for templar spirituality, religious life and conduct. Revue Mabillon 22: 99–119. doi: 10.1484/J.RM.5.100991
- Schenk, J. 2012. Templar Families: Landowning families and the Order of the Temple in France, c.1120–1307. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.