NOTES
- B. R. S. Megaw, ‘The Monastery of Saint Maughold’, Proc. of the Isle of Man Nat. Hist, and Antiq. Soc., 5, part 11 (1950), 169–80.
- P. M. C. Kermode, Manx Crosses (1907), 109.
- P. M. C. Kermode, ‘Early Christian Monuments at Kirk Maughold Isle of Man’, Reliquary and Illustrated Archaeologist (July 1902), 184–85.
- Kermode, op. cit. note 2.
- Using the measurements given in Kermode, op. cit. note 2.
- Cf. 42(25)*, ibid. 110–11; 46(26), ibid, 111; 164(—), Jnl. of the Manx Museum, 4, no. 61 (1939), pl. 176; 169(—)B. A. M. Cubbon, ‘Cross-Slabs and Related Inscriptions found since 1939’, Jnl. of the Manx Museum, 7, no. 82 (1966), 26—not illustrated.
- Where crosses are quoted by number, the first element is the number in the Manx Museum Register and that within the brackets is the number used by Kermode.
- Compare the stone from Kirkmadrine, Rhinns of Galloway, C. A. R. Radford and G. Donaldson, Whithorn and Kirkmadrine (1953), 43, K1. and pl. 8, and V. E. Nash Williams, The Early Christian Monuments of Wales (1950); 207, no. 376; 208, no. 380; 210–11, no. 382; 215, no. 392. Compare also C. Nordenfalk, Celtic and Anglo Saxon Painting (1977), 57 and plate 14 for an illuminated example in the Durham Gospel fragment II fol. 38v.
- R. Allen and J. Anderson, Early Christian Monuments of Scotland, vol. 3 (1903), 496–97 and Radford and Donaldson, op. cit. note 7, 36 and fig. 7.
- Allen and Anderson, op. cit. note 8, 496. The road to Isle of Whithorn would have been the way taken for embarkation in medieval times for the Isle of Man.
- Radford and Donaldson, op. cit. note 7.
- K. Steer, ‘Two Unrecorded Early Christian Stones’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scotland, 101 (1971), 129 and pl. 9b.
- J.J. Galbraith, ‘The Chi-Rho Crosses on Raasay’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scotland, 67 (1933), 63–64 and 318–20.
- F. Henry, ‘Early Christian Slabs and Pillar Stones in the West of Ireland’, Jnl. Royal Soc. Antiq. Ireland, 67 (1937); 379 and pl. 33; F. Henry ‘Remains of the Early Christian Period on Inishkea North, Co. Mayo’, Jnl. Royal Soc. Antiq. Ireland, 75 (1945), 137 and pl. 28; F. Henry, Irish Art in the Early Christian Period (1965), I2i, fig. 14b.
NOTES
- C. Platt and R. Coleman-Smith, Excavations in Medieval Southampton 1953–1963 (Leicester, 1975), 371, fig. 247, 1915.
- Ibid., 161–64.
- T. Capelle, ‘Metallschmuck und Gussformen aus Haithabu (Ausgrabung 1963–1964)’, Ber. über die Ausgrabungen in Haithabu, 4, ed. K. Schietzel (Neumünster, 1970), 9–23; T. Capelle and H. Vierck, ‘Modeln der Merowinger- und Wikingerzeit’, Frühmittelalterliche Studien, 5 (1971), 4.2–100; I. Ulbricht, Die Geweihverarbeitung in Haithabu (Die Ausgrabungen in Haithabu 7) (Neumünster, 1978), 75–76, taf. 36, 4–9, taf. 37, 3.
- D. Eckstein and K. Schietzel, ‘Zur dendrochronologischen Gliederung und Datierung der Baubefunde von Haithabu’, Ber. über die Ausgrabungen in Haithabu, 11, ed. K. Schietzel (Neumünster, 1977), 157.
- H. Jankuhn, ‘Die Bedeutung der Gussformen von Haithabu’, Das Ahnenerbe (Ber. über die Kieler Tagung 1939) (Berlin, 1944), 227, Abb. 2.
- Capelle, op. cit. note 16, 19. Capelle suggests that the wax models were cast, rather than impressed, in the moulds.
- H. Drescher, ‘Untersuchungen und Versuche zum Blei- und Zinnguss in formen aus Stein, Lehm, Geweih und Metall’, Frühmittelalterliche Studien, 12 (1978), 84–115.
- J. Graham-Campbell, Viking Artefacts: a Select Catalogue (London, 1980), 130.
- J. Brønsted, ‘Danish inhumation graves of the Viking Age’, Acta Archaeologica, 7 (1936), 81–228.
- B. O Ríordáin, ‘The High Street excavations’, Proc. Seventh Viking Congress, eds. B. Almqvist and D. Greene (Dublin, 1976), 135–40.
- Information from Mr R. G. Thomson.
- For a broadly contemporary trefoil brooch mould of clay see A. MacGregor, ‘Industry and commerce in Anglo-Scandinavian York’, Viking Age York and the North, ed. R. A. Hall (C.B.A. Research Report 27, London, 1978), 37–57, fig. 24, 8.
NOTES
- M. O. H. Carver, ‘Three Saxo-Norman tenements in Durham City’, Medieval Archaeol., XXIII (1979), 1–81.
- Ibid., 24, 26, and fig. 16.
- First published as Roman: R. Newstead, ‘A descriptive account of Roman and other objects recovered from various sites in Chester and district, 1898–1901’, Jnl. Chester Archaeol. Soc., VIII (1902), 84–85 and fig. 2. I am very grateful to the following museums and units for their permission to publish the spades in their collections: Grosvenor Museum, Chester; Herbert Museum and Art Gallery, Coventry; Derby Museum; The Lynn Museum; Norwich Survey; Perth High Street Excavation Editorial Committee; York Archaeological Trust; Mill Museum, Durham.
- J. C. Cox, ‘Duffield Castle: its history, site and recently found remains’, Jnl. Derbyshire Archaeol. Soc., IX (1887), 161.
- H. Clarke and A. Carter, Excavations in Kings Lynn 1963–70 (Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph Series No. 7, 1977), 372–73 and fig. 173, nos. 81, 82.
- Newstead, op. cit. note 28, 84.
- Now in the Lund Historical Museum.
- London, British Library, MS Egerton 1894, fols. 5, 14 and 17.
NOTES
- This applies both to the form of the voussoirs and to the lugs with which they were keyed together.
- Some French cloisters of this type (e.g. Arles, Mont St Michel) have moulded eaves-level stringcourses internally but not externally.
- The first suggestion is illustrated by a base at Wenlock Priory (R. B. Lockett, ‘A catalogue of Romanesque sculpture from the Cluniac houses of England’, Jnl. Brit. Archaeol. Assoc., 3rd ser. XXXIV (1971), pl. XI(4)); the second by part of a cloister probably from Fontainebleau (Victoria and Albert Museum A3–1911).
- Listed G. Webb, Architecture in Britain: the middle ages (2nd ed., Harmondsworth, 1965), 56–58.
- As on the W. front of Llandaff cathedral.
- R. Gilyard-Beer, Haughmond Abbey (HMSO, forthcoming) will be the best account.
NOTES
- Medieval Archaeol., VIII (1964), 115–17.
- Pages 60–61. His account is largely based on Anderson and Quirk, see note 40.
- My interest in the stone was sparked off by a remark by Mr S. E. Rigold, and I am grateful to him, Derek Renn, Dom. Frederick Hockey, Margaret Sparks, F. W. Anderson, John Harvey and Richard Morris for commenting on an earlier draft of this article.
- See V. H. Galbraith, ‘Royal Charters to Winchester’, English Historical Review, 35 (1920), 383–400—Charter IX for Bishop Walkelin's permission from William Rufus to use it (c. 1087–98) at Winchester; and S. F. Hockey, Quarr Abbey and its Lands (1970), 2 and 118.
- Found in 1978 in the excavation of this now demolished church.
- See Archaeol. Jnl., CXXVI (1970), 270–72. Mr Rigold suggests, in correspondence, that the church may be pre-Ernulf and the tower Ernulf.
- See F. R. H. Du Boulay, The Lordship of Canterbury (1966), 36–47.
- See the detailed contemporary accounts by the monk Goscelin: Migne, Patrologia Latina, CLV cols 15–62.
- A large piece of Quarr has even been found very recently (Nov. 1979) at the bottom of a hole for a scaffold post erected for the work on Ernulf's choir either in c. 1100 or possibly in the 19th century (as yet unpublished excavations by the Canterbury Archaeological Trust).
- Excavations at Canterbury Castle (forthcoming, 1980). See sections by D. F. Renn and the present writer.
- Martyn Owen of the Geological Museum has kindly confirmed the Quarr stone finds in Canterbury, but has not yet examined the other finds in Kent.
- I am indebted to Brian Philp for allowing me to inspect the remaining portions of this great unfinished church in his excavations.
- Only William Rufus's Winchester Charter, see note 43, survives as documentary evidence for this, but other royal charters for Canterbury, Lewes, Chichester, Romsey, etc., must have once existed.
- See D. Sturdy, ‘Nine Hundred Years of the Tower’, The London Archaeologist, 3, no. 10 (1979), 270–73.
- See Hockey, op. cit. note 43, 59.
- Ibid., 118.
- As stone mortars, Quarr was exported to Sussex, Kent, Essex, Middlesex, Cambridgeshire, and Kings Lynn. See Dr Gerald Dunning's note in H. Clarke and A. Carter, Excavations in King's Lynn, 1963–70 (1977), 327–29.
NOTES
- D.J. Schove, ‘Dark Age tree-ring dates, a.d. 490–850’, Medieval Archaeology, 23 (1979), 219–23; see also id., ‘Cross-dating of Anglo-Saxon timbers at Old Windsor and Southampton’, ibid., 3 (1959), 288–90; id., ‘Dendrochronological dating of Old Windsor oak, A.D. 650–906’, ibid., 18 (1974), 165–72; id., ‘Summer weather in South-East England, 54 B.C.’, Weather, 32 (1977), 314.
- For example, R. A. Morgan, ‘Tree-ring dating of the London waterfronts’, London Archaeologist, 3 (1977), 40–45; J. Hillam, ‘Tree-ring analysis of timbers’, B. Ayers, ‘Excavations at Chapel Lane Staithe, 1978’, East Riding Archaeologist, 5 (1979) (Hull Old Town Report Series, 3), 36–41; V. Siebenlist-Kerner, ‘The chronology, 1341–1636, for certain hillside oaks from Western England and Wales’, Dendrochronology in Europe, ed. J. M. Fletcher (Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 51, 1978), 157–61; J. M. Fletcher, ‘Tree-ring chronologies for the 6th to 16th centuries for oaks of Southern and Eastern England’, Jnl. Archaeol. Science, 4 (1977); 335–52.
- For example Hillam, op. cit. note 58.
- Calibrated Fletcher, op. cit. note 58.
- V. Siebenlist-Kerner, D. J. Schove and J. M. Fletcher, ‘The barn at Great Coxwell, Berkshire’, Fletcher (ed.), op. cit. note 58, 295–302.
- R. A. Morgan and J. Schofield, ‘Tree-rings and the archaeology of the Thames waterfront in the City of London’, Fletchcr (ed.), op. cit. note 58, 223–38.
- J. Hillam, pers. comm.
- For example M. K. Hughes et al., ‘Climatic signals in British Isles tree-ring chronologies’, Nature, 272 (1978), 205–206; J. R. Pilcher, ‘A statistical oak chronology from the North of Ireland’, Tree-ring Bulletin, 36 (1976), 21–27.