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Original Articles

Marine Salt Extraction: The Excavation of Salterns at Wainfleet St Mary, Lincolnshire

Pages 134-163 | Published online: 18 May 2016

NOTES

  • Central Archaeology Service, English Heritage, Fort Cumberland, Fort Cumberland Road, Eastney, Portsmouth, Hants. PO4 9LD.
  • RCHME (NAR), Fortress House, 23 Savile Row, London, W1X 2JQ.
  • J. D. Robson, Soils in Lincolnshire IV, Soil Survey Record No. 88, 1985
  • B. Simmons, B, ‘Iron Age and Roman Coasts around the Wash’ in F. H. Thompson (ed.), Archaeology and Coastal Change (Soc. of Antiquaries Occ. Paper (new series), 1, 1980).
  • C. W. Foster and T. Longley, The Lincolnshire Domesday and the Lindsey Survey, Lincoln Record Society, Vol. 19, 1924.
  • E. Eckwall, The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names (Oxford, 1960).
  • Ordnance Survey, Sheet TF45, Friskney.
  • J. A. Steers, Coastal Features of England and Wales (1981), 117.
  • R. W. G. Carter, Coastal Environments (London, 1988), 340.
  • C. A. M. King, Beaches and Coasts (London, 1972), 429.
  • W. Brownrigg, The Art of Making Common Salt (1748), 135–37.
  • H. Duncan, ‘On the Mode of Manufacturing Salt from Sea-sand or Sleech’ in W, Singer, General view of the Agriculture of Dumfries (1812).
  • R. I. Macphail, Soil Report On Wainfleet St. Marys, Lincolnshire, Ancient Monuments Laboratory, 1986.
  • J, D. Robson, pers. comm.
  • A. David, Wainfleel-St-Mary, Lincs, Geophysics, Ancient Monuments Laboratory Report, G 1/84, 1984.
  • In particular photograph RC8 CN 64, Cambridge University Collection of Air Photographs
  • D. F. Petch, ‘A Medieval Pottery Kiln, Toynton All Saints’, in Archaeological Notes for 1958, Lincs. Archit. Archaeol. Soc. Rep. Pap. 8, 24 and R H. Healey, ‘Toynton All Saints’ in J. B. Whitwell and C. M. Wilson, Archaeological Notes, 1967, in Lincs. Hist. and Archaeol., 3 (1968), 31–32.
  • J. B. Whitwell, ‘Old Bolingbroke’ in J. B. Whitwell, Archaeological Notes, 1965, Lincs. Hist. and Archaeol., 12 (1966), 49 and Fig. 6.
  • A. J. White, ‘Boston’ in ‘Archaeology in Lincolnshire and South Humberside 1975’, Lincs. Hist. and Archaeol., 12 (1976), 78.
  • R. H. Healey, Medieval and Sub-medieval Pottery in Lincolnshire, Unpublished M. Phil. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 30 (1976).
  • A. J. White, ‘Post-Medieval Pancheons with Name-stamps found in Lincolnshire’, Past-Medieval Archaeol., 16 (1982), 29–38.
  • R. H. Healey, op. cit. in note 20, 33–5, 1976.
  • Lincolnshire County Council Sites and Monuments Record at the City and County Museum, Lincoln.
  • A. J. White, op. cit, in note 21, 29–38.
  • R. H. Healey, op. cit. in note 20, 16.
  • C. Hayfield, Humberside Medieval Pottery, British Archaeol. Rep., Brit. Ser. 140 (i) and (ii), 17 (Oxford, (1985).
  • R. H. Healey, ‘Pottery from Potterhanworth’ in J. Marjoram, ed. Archaeological Notes 1973, Lincs. Hist. and Archaeol., 9 (1974), 30–31 and Fig. 33 II (title transposed).
  • A. J. White, Archaeology in Lincolnshire and South Humberside, Lincs. Hist. and Archaeol., 17 (1982), 72.
  • S. Jennings, ‘Eighteen Centuries of Pottery from Norwich’, East Anglian Archaeol., 13 (1981), 134.
  • J. Thornton, ‘The examination of early shoes to 1600’, 9–11, Fig. 13, in P. S. Doughty ed., Transactions of the Museum Assistants' Group for 1973, No 12, 2–13; F. Grew and M, De Neergaard, Shoes and pattens: Medieval finds from excavations in London: 2, (Loudon, 1988), 46–50, fig. 73.
  • J. Swann, pers. comm.
  • P. Davey, pers. comm.
  • D. E. Friendship-Taylor, ‘The Leather’, Fig. 186, no, 41, 44, in J. P. Allan, The medieval and post-Medieval finds from Exeter, 1971–1980, (Exeter Archaeol. Reports 3), (Exeter, 1984)
  • F. Grew and M. De Neergaard, op. cit. in note 30, no. 107, 73.
  • Q. Mould (forthcoming).
  • D. E. Friendship-Taylor, op. cit. in note 33, L47, 330, Fig. 186.
  • See note 35.
  • J. M. Swann, Shoe fashions to 1600, 21–22, in P. S. Doughty ed., Transactions of the Museum Assistants' Group for 1973, no. 12, 14–27.
  • J. Thornton, op. cit. in note 30, 8.
  • J. H. Williams, St Peter's St, Northampton, Excavations 1973–6. Archaeological Monograph 2, 252, Fig. 109, 38–40. (Northampton, 1979).
  • J. P. Allan, The medieval and post-medieval finds from Exeter, 1971–80. Exeter Archaeological Reports vol 3., 339, Fig, 190, 56. (Exeter, 1984).
  • N. Crummy, The post Raman small finds from excavations in Colchester 1971–85. Colchester Archaeological Report 5, 15, Fig. 16, 1735. (Colchester, 1988).
  • J. H. Williams, op, cit. in note 47, 250, Fig. 107, 3.
  • C. Platt, and R. Coleman-Smith, Excavations in medieval Southampton, 1953–69 vol 2, The Finds, 276–286. (Leicester, 1975).
  • N. Crummy, op. cit. in note 49, 72, Fig. 73.
  • A. E. B. Owen, ‘Salt, Sea Banks and Medieval Settlement on The Lindsey Coast’, in N. Field and A. White, A Prospect of Lincolnshire, 46. (Lincoln, 1984).
  • R. T. Bannister, ‘Wrangle Toft’ in A. J. White, ‘Archaeology in Lincolnshire and South Humberside, 1982’, Lincs. Hist. and Archaeol., 18, (1983), 104–5,
  • R. H. Healey, Archaeology in Lincolnshire, 1987–1988, Fourth Annual Report of the Trust for Lincolnshire Archaeology, 1988, 17, Fig. 20.
  • R. H, Healey, ‘A Medieval Salt-Making Site in Bicker Haven, Lincolnshire’, in K. W. de Brisay and K. A. Evans (eds.) Salt: The Study of an Ancient Industry, 36. (Colchester, 1975).
  • E. H. Rudkin, ‘Medieval Salt Making In Lincolnshire’, in K. W. de Brisay and K. A. Evans (eds.) Salt: The Study of an Ancient Industry, 37–38. (Colchester, 1975).
  • Personal observations by the author.
  • D. N. Robinson, The Book of the Lincolnshire Seaside, 27–37. (Buckingham, 1983).
  • Ibid.
  • R. Holinshed, The Chronicles of England, 1807–8
  • C. J. Sturman, ‘Salt-Making In The Lindsey Marshland In The 16th and 17th Centuries’, in N. Field and A. White, A Prospect of Lincolnshire, 54–55, (Lincoln, 1984).
  • Ibid.

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