13
Views
49
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Observations and simulations of hydrography, nutrients and plankton in the southern North Sea

&
Pages 371-416 | Published online: 20 Feb 2012

References

  • Adams , J.A. 1987 . “ The primary ecological subdivisions of the North Sea: some aspects of their plankton communities ” . In Developments in fisheries research in Scotland , Edited by: Bailey , R.S. and Parrish , B.B. 165 – 181 . Farnham , , U.K. : Fishing News Books .
  • Admiraal , W. and Venekamp , L.A.H. 1986 . Significance of tintinnid grazing during blooms of Phaeocystis pouchetii (Haptophyceae) in Dutch coastal waters . Netherlands Journal of Sea Research , 20 : 61 – 66 .
  • Baars , M.A. , Duineveld. , G.C.A. , van Duyl , F.C. , de Gee , A. , Kraay , G.W. , Leopold , M.F. , Oosterhuis , S. , van Raaphorst , W. and Westra , C. 1991 . “ The ecology of the Friesian Front Observations on a biologically enriched zone in the North Sea between the Southern Bight and the Oyster Ground ” . In ICES C.M. 1991/L:25 21 – 21 .
  • Baretta , J.W. and ERSEM partners . 1993 . “ An overview of the European regional seas ecosystem model (ERSEM) ” . In MAST days and Euromar market, 15 to 17 March 1993, Project Reports , Edited by: Barthel , K.-G. , Bohle-Carbonell , M. , Fragakis , C. and Weydert , M. Vol. 1 , 339 – 354 . Brussels , , Belgium : Commission of the European Communities .
  • Billen , G. , Lancelot , C. and Meybeck , M. 1991 . “ N, P and Si retention along the aquatic continuum from land to ocean ” . In Ocean Margin Processes in Global Change , Edited by: Mantoura , R.F.C. , Martin , J.-M. and Wollast , R. 19 – 44 . John Wiley & Sons Ltd .
  • CEC. 1991 . “ Council Directive of21 May 1991 concerning urban waste water treatment (91/271/EEC) ” . In Official Journal of the European Communities, Vol. L35 , 40 – 52 .
  • Charnock , H. 1994 . Understanding the North Sea System , Edited by: Dyer , K.R. , Huthance , J.M. , Liss , P.S. , Simpson , J.H. and Tett , P.B. London , , U.K. : Chapman & Hall .
  • Clarke , T. 1986 . “ A two layer model of the seasonal thermocline and its application to the north west European continental shelf seas ” . In Report U86-2. UCNW Unit for Coastal and Estuarine Studies Menai Bridge , , U.K.
  • Colebrook , J.M. 1982 . Continuous plankton records: seasonal variation in the distribution and abundance of plankton in the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea . Journal of Plankton Research , 4 : 435 – 462 .
  • Davies , A.M. 1982 . Meteorologically-induced circulation on the North-West European continental shelf: from a three-dimensional numerical model . Oceanologica Acta , 5 : 269 – 280 .
  • Droop , M.R. 1983 . 25 years of algal growth kinetics, a personal view . Botanica Marina , 26 : 99 – 112 .
  • Eisma , D. 1987 . The North Sea: an overview . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London , B316 : 461 – 485 .
  • Fransz , H.G. , Colebrook , J.M. , Gamble , J.C. and Krause , M. 1991 . The zooplankton of the North Sea . Netherlands Journal of Sea Research , 28 : 1 – 52 .
  • Fransz , H.G. , Mornmaerts , J.P. and Radach , G. 1991 . Ecological modelling of the North Sea . Netherlands Journal of Sea Research , 28 : 67 – 140 .
  • Gillbricht , M. 1983 . Eine “red tide” in der südlichen Nordsee und ihre Beziehungen zur Umwelt . Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen , 36 : 393 – 426 .
  • Hecky , R.E. and Kilham , P. 1988 . Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in freshwater and marine environments: a review of recent evidence on the effects of enrichment . Limnology and Oceanography , 33 : 796 – 822 .
  • Hill , A.E. , James , I.D. , Linden , P.F. , Matthews , J.P. , Prandle , D. , Simpson , J.H. , Gmitrowicz , E.M. , Smeed , D.A. , Lwiza , K.M.M. , Durazo , R. , Fox , A.D. and Bowers , D.G. 1993 . Dynamics of tidal mixing fronts in the North Sea . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London , A343 : 431 – 446 .
  • Howarth , M.J. and Proctor , R. 1992 . Ship ADCP measurements and tidal models of the North Sea . Continental Shelf Research , 12 : 601 – 623 .
  • Howarth , M.J. , Dyer , K.R. , Joint , I.R. , Hydes , D.J. , Purdie , D.A. , Edmunds , H. , Jones , J.E. , Lowry , R.K. , Moffat , T.J. , Pomroy , A.J. and Proctor , R. 1993 . Seasonal cycles and their spatial variability . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London , A343 : 383 – 403 .
  • Huthnance , J.M. 1991 . Physical oceanography of the North Sea . Ocean and Shoreline Management , 16 : 199 – 231 .
  • Huthnance , J.M. , Allen , J.I. , Davies , A.M. , Hydes , D.J. , James , I.D. , Jones , J.E. , Millward , G.E. , Prandle , D. , Proctor , R. , Purdie , D.A. , Statham , P.J. , Tett , P. , Thomson , S. and Wood , R.G. 1993 . Towards water quality models . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London , A343 : 569 – 584 .
  • Højerslev , N. 1975 . A spectral light absorption meter for measurements in the sea . Limnology and Oceanography , 20 : 1024 – 1034 .
  • ICES . 1983 . “ Flushing times of the North Sea ” . In Cooperative Research Report 123 – 123 . 159 – 159 .
  • Jago , C.F. , Bale , A.J. , Green , M.O. , Howarth , M.J. , Jones , S.E. , McCave , I.N. , Millward , G.E. , Morris , A.W. , Rowden , A.A. and Williams , J.J. 1993 . Resuspension processes and seston dynamics, southern North Sea . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London , A343 : 475 – 491 .
  • Joint , I. and Pomroy , A. 1993 . Phytoplankton biomass and production in the southern North Sea . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 99 : 169 – 182 .
  • Kraus , E.B. and Turner , J.S. 1967 . A one-dimensional model of the seasonal thermocline II. The general theory and its consequences . Tellus , 19 : 98 – 106 .
  • Lancelot , C. , Hillen , G. , Sournia , A. , Weisse , T. , Colijn , F. , Veldhuis , M.J.W. , Davies , A. and Wassman , P. 1987 . Phaeocystis blooms and nutrient enrichment in the continental coastal zones of the North Sea . Ambio , 16 : 38 – 46 .
  • Lee , A.J. and Ramster , J.W. , eds. 1981 . Atlas of the Seas around the British Isles , Lowestoft , , U.K. : Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food .
  • Lowry , R.K. , Cramer , R.N. and Rickards , L.J. 1992 . North Sea Project CD-ROM users\s guide , Birkenhead , , U.K : Natural Environment Research Council, British Oceanographic Data Centre .
  • Mills , D.K. and Tett , P.B. Use of a recording fluorometer for continuous measurement of phytoplankton concentration . SPIE Proceedings . Vol. 1269 , pp. 106 – 115 .
  • Mills , D.K. and Tett , P.B. 1991 . “ Phytoplankton and fronts in the southern North Sea ” . In ICES C. M. 1991/L:18 9 – 9 .
  • Mills , D.K. , Tett , P. and Novarino , G. 1994 . The Spring Bloom in the south-western North Sea in 1989 . Netherlands Journal of Sea Research , 33 : 65 – 80 .
  • Nedwell , D.B. , Parkes , R.J. , Upton , A.C. and Assinder , D.J. 1993 . Seasonal fluxes across the sediment-water interface, and processes within sediments . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London , A343 : 519 – 529 .
  • Officer , C.B. and Ryther , J.H. 1980 . The possible importance of silicon in marine eutrophication . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 3 : 83 – 91 .
  • Otto , L. , Zimmerman , J.T.F. , Furness , G.K. , Mork , M. , Saetre , R. and Becker , G. 1990 . Review of the physical oceanography of the North Sea . Netherlands Journal of Sea Research , 26 : 161 – 238 .
  • Pingree , R.D. and Griffiths , D.K. 1978 . Tidal fronts on the shelf seas around the British Isles . Journal of Geophysical Research , 83 : 4615 – 4622 .
  • Pingree , R.D. , Pugh , P.T. , Holligan , P.M. and Forster , G.R. 1975 . Summer phytoplankton blooms and red tides along tidal fronts in the approaches to the English Channel . Nature , 258 : 672 – 677 .
  • Pingree , R.D. , Maddock , L. and Butler , E.I. 1977 . The influence of biological activity and physical stability in determining the chemical distributions of inorganic phosphate, silicate and nitrate . Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , 57 : 1065 – 1073 .
  • Postma , H. 1978 . The nutrient content of North Sea water: changes in recent years, particularly in the Southern Bight . Rapports et proces-verbaux des reunions, Conseil permanent international pour l\sexploration de la mer , 172 : 350 – 357 .
  • Postma , H. 1985 . Eutrophication of Dutch coastal waters . Netherlands Journal of Zoology , 35 : 348 – 359 .
  • Prandle , D. , Jago , C. , Jones , S.E. , Purdie , D. and Tappin. , A. 1993 . The influence of horizontal circulation on the supply and distribution of tracers . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London , A343 : 405 – 421 .
  • Radach , G. , Berg , J. and Hagrneier , E. 1990 . Long-term changes of the annual cycles ofmeteorological, hydrographic, nutrient and phytoplankton time series at Helgoland and at LV ELBE 1 in the German Bight . Continental Shelf Research , 10 : 305 – 328 .
  • Radach , G. , Regener , M. , Carlotti , F. , Kuhn , W. and Moll , A. 1993 . Modelling water column processes in the North Sea . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London , A343 : 509 – 517 .
  • Redfield , A.C. 1958 . The biological control of chemical factors in the environment . American Scientist , 46 : 205 – 221 .
  • Reid , P.C. , Lancelot , C. , Gieskes , W.W.C. , Hagmeir , E. and Weichart , G. 1990 . Phytoplankton of the North Sea and its dynamics: a review . Netherlands Journal of Sea Research , 26 : 295 – 331 .
  • Riegman , R. , Malschaert , H. and Colijn , F. 1990 . Primary production of phytoplankton at a frontal zone located at the northern slope of the Dogger Bank (North Sea) . Marine Biology , 105 : 329 – 336 .
  • Rutgers van der Loeff , M.M. 1980 . Nutrients in the interstitial water of the Southern Bight of the North Sea . Netherlands Journal of Sea Research , 14 : 144 – 171 .
  • Ryther , J.H. and Dunstan , W.M. 1971 . Nitrogen, phosphorus and eutrophication in the inshore marine environment . Science , 171 : 1008 – 1013 .
  • Schaumann , K. , Gerdes , D. and Hesse , K.-J. 1988 . Hydrographic and biological characteristics of a Noctiluca scintillans red tide in the German Bight . Meeresforschung , 32 : 77 – 91 .
  • Slater , R.D. , Sarmiento , J.L. and Fasham , M.J.R. 1993 . “ Some parametric and structural simulations with a three-dimensional ecosystem model of nitrogen cycling in the North Atlantic euphotic zone ” . In Towards a Model of Ocean Biogeochemical Processes , Edited by: Evans , G.T. and Fasham , M.J.R. 261 – 294 . Berlin , , Germany : Springer-Verlag .
  • Sharples , J. and Tett , P. 1994 . Modelling the effect of physical variability on the mid-water chlorophyll maximum . Journal of Marine Research , 52 : 219 – 238 .
  • Simpson , J.H. 1981 . The shelf-sea fronts: implications of their existence and behaviour . Transactions of the Royal Society of London , A302 : 531 – 546 .
  • Simpson , J.H. and Bowers , D.G. 1984 . The role of tidal stirring in controlling the seasonal heat cycle in shelf seas . Annales Geophysicae , 2 : 411 – 416 .
  • Simpson , J.H. , Bos , W.G. , Schirmir , F. , Souza , A.J. , Rippeth , T.P. , Jones , S.E. and Hydes , D. 1993 . Periodic stratification in the Rhine ROFI in the North Sea . Oceanologica Acta , 16 : 22 – 32 .
  • Soulsby , R.L. 1983 . “ The bottom boundary layer of shelf seas ” . In Physical oceanographer of coastal and shelf seas , Edited by: Johns , B. 189 – 226 . Amsterdam , , Netherlands : Elsevier .
  • Sundermann , J. 1993 . Suspended particulate matter in the North Sea: field observations and model simulations . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London , A343 : 423 – 430 .
  • Tett , P. 1990a . “ A three layer vertical and microbiological processes model for shelf seas ” . In Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Birkenhead, U.K. Report 14 85 – 85 .
  • Tett , P. 1990b . “ The Photic Zone ” . In Light and Life in the Sea , Edited by: Herring , P.J. , Campbell , A.K. , Whitfield , M. and Maddock , L. 59 – 87 . Cambridge University Press . U.K.
  • Tett , P. and Droop , M.R. 1988 . “ Cell quota models and planktonic primary production ” . In Handbook of Laboratory Model Systems for Microbial Ecosystems , Edited by: Wimpenny , J.W.T. Vol. 2 , 177 – 233 . CRC Press . Florida, U.S.A.
  • Tett , P. and Grenz , C. 1994 . Designing a simple microbiological-physical model for a coastal embayment . Vie et Milieu , 44 : 39 – 58 .
  • Tett , P. and Mills , D. 1991 . The plankton of the North Sea - pelagic ecosystems under stress? . Ocean and Shoreline Management , 16 : 233 – 257 .
  • Tett , P. , Joint , I. , Purdie , D. , Baars , M. , Oosterhuis , S. , Daneri , G. , Hannah , F. , Mills , D.K. , Plummer , D. , Pomroy , A. , Walne , A.W. and Witte , H.J. 1993 . Biological consequences of tidal stirring gradients in the North Sea . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London , A343 : 493 – 508 .
  • Upton , A.C. , Nedwell , D.B. , Parkes , R.J. and Harvey , S.M. 1993 . Seasonal benthic microbial activity in the southern North Sea; oxygen uptake and sulphate reduction . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 101 : 273 – 281 .
  • van Bennekom , A.J. , Gieskes , W.W.C. and Tijssen , S.B. Eutrophication of Dutch coastal waters . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London . Vol. B189 , pp. 359 – 374 .
  • Veldhuis , M.J.W. , Colijn , F. and Venekamp , L.A.H. 1986 . The spring bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii (Haptophyceae) in Dutch coastal waters . Netherlands Journal of Sea Research , 20 : 3748 – 3748 .
  • Wolf , J. 1991 . “ A unified framework for water quality modelling shallow seas ” . In Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Birkenhead, U.K. Report 19 46 – 46 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.