Five Year Olds with Good Conscience Development

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4–18 and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
   Google Scholar
• Biringen, Z., & Robinson, J. (1991). Emotional availability in mother-child interactions: A reconceptualization for research. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61, 258–273.
   Google Scholar
• Biringen, Z., Robinson, J., & Emde, R. N. (1998). The Emotional Availability Scales (3rd ed.). Unpublished manual, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.
   Google Scholar
• Blair, R. J. (1995). A cognitive developmental approach to mortality: Investigating the psychopath. Cognition, 57(1), 1–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ———. (2005). Responding to the emotions of others: dissociating forms of empathy through the study of typical and psychiatric populations. Conscious Cogn, 14(4), 698–718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair, R. J., Peschardt, K. S., Budhani, S., Mitchell, D. G., & Pine, D. S. (2006). The development of psychopathy. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 47(3–4), 262–276.
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Buchsbaum, H. K., & Emde, R. N. (1990). Play narratives in 36-month-old children: Early moral development and family relationships. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 45, 129–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr, L., Lacoboni, M., Dubeau, M. C., Mazziotta, J. C., & Lenzi, G. L. (2005). Neural Mechanisms of Empathy in Humans: A Relay from Neural Systems for Imitation to Limbic Areas. In G. G. Berntson & J. T. Cacioppo (Eds.), Social neuroscience: Key readings (pp. 143–152). New York: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cassidy, J. (1988). Child-mother attachment and the self in six-year-olds. Child Development, 59, 121–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings, E. M., Davies, P. T., & Campbell, S. B. (2000). Developmental psychopathology and family process: Theory, research, and clinical implications. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dollard, J., Doob, W. L., Miller, N. E., Mowrer, O. H., & Sears, R. R. (1939). Frustration and Aggression. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Emde, R. N. (1983). The prerepresentational self and its affective core. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 38, 165–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ———. (1988a). Development terminable and interminable: I. Innate and motivational factors from infancy. International Journal of Psycho Analysis, 69(1), 23–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ———. (1988b). Development terminable and interminable: II. Recent psychoanalytic theory and therapeutic considerations. International Journal of Psycho Analysis, 69(2), 283–296.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ———. (1990). Mobilizing fundamental modes of development: Empathic availability and therapeutic action. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 38(4), 881–913.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ———. (1991). Positive emotions for psychoanalytic theory: Surprises from infancy research and new directions. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 39(Suppl), 5–44.
   Google Scholar
• ———. (1992). Social referencing research: Uncertainty, self, and the search for meaning. In S. Feinman (Ed.), Social referencing and the social construction of reality in infancy (pp. 79–94). New York: Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• ———. (1994). Individual meaning and increasing complexity: Contributions of Sigmund Freud and René Spitz to developmental psychology. In R. D. Parke, P. A. Ornstein, J. J. Rieser, & C. Zahn-Waxler (Eds.), A Century of Developmental Psychology (pp. 203–231). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• ———. (2004). The present moment in psychotherapy and everyday life. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 85(6), 1530–1534.
   Google Scholar
• ———. (2005). A Developmental Orientation for Contemporary Psychoanalysis. In E. S. Person, A. M. Cooper, & G. O. Gabbard (Eds.), The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychoanalysis (pp. 117–130). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• ———. (2007). Embodiment and our immersion with others: Commentary on Fonagy and Target. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 55(2), 485–492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emde, R. N., Biringen, Z., Clyman, R. B., & Oppenheim, D. (1991). The moral self of infancy: Affective core and procedural knowledge. Developmental Review, 11(3), 251–270.
   Google Scholar
• Emde, R. N., & Buchsbaum, H. K. (1990). “Didn’t you hear my mommy?” Autonomy with connectedness in moral self-emergence. In D. Cicchetti & M. Beeghly (Eds.), The self in Transition: Infancy to Childhood. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Mental Health and Development (pp. 35–60). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Emde, R. N., & Hewitt, J. K. (Eds.). (2001). Infancy to early childhood: Genetic and environmental influences on developmental change. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Emde, R. N., Johnson, W. F., & Easterbrooks, M. A. (1987). The do’s and don’ts of early moral development: Psychoanalytic tradition and current research. In J. Kagan & S. Lamb (Eds.), The Emergence of Morality in Young Children (pp. 245–276). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Emde, R. N., & Oppenheim, D. (1995). Shame, guilt, and the Oedipal drama: Developmental considerations concerning morality and the referencing of critical others. In J. P. Tangney & K. W. Fischer (Eds.), (1995). Self Conscious Emotions: The Psychology of Shame, Guilt, Embarrassment, and Pride (pp. 413–436). New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Emde, R. N., & Robinson, J. (2000). Guiding principles for a theory of early intervention: A developmental-psychoanalytic perspective. In J. P. Shonkoff (Ed.), (2000). Handbook of Early Childhood Intervention (2nd ed.) (pp. 160–178). New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Emde, R. N., & Slotkin, P. (1999). Moving ahead: Integrating influences of affective processes for development and for psychoanalysis. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 80(2), 317–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emde, R. N., Wolf, D., & Oppenheim, D. (2003). Revealing the Inner Worlds of Young Children: Using the MacArthur Story Stem Battery and Parent-Child Narratives. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Erikson, E. H. (1984). Reflections on the last stage—and the first. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 39, 155–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelstein, L. (1991). Neglected aspects of the superego. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry, 19(4), 530–554.
   Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (2007). The rooting of the mind in the body: New links between attachment theory and psychoanalytic thought. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 55(2), 411–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, G. (1999). Freud’s Concept of the Superego. Review and Assessment. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 16(3), 448–463.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S. (1914). On narcissism: An introduction. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 14, pp. 73–102). London: Hogarth Press (1966).
   Google Scholar
• ———. (1923). The ego and the id. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 19, pp. 12–66). London: Hogarth Press (1966).
   Google Scholar
• Gallese, V., Eagle, M. N., & Migone, P. (2007). Intentional attunement: Mirror neurons and the neural underpinnings of interpersonal relations. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 55(1), 131–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108(4), 814–834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ———. (2002). Moral Emotions. In: R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of Affective Sciences (pp. 852–870). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haidt, J., Koller, S. H., & Dias, M. G. (1993). Affect, culture, and morality, or is it wrong to eat your dog? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(4), 613–628.
   Google Scholar
• Hare, R. D. (1999). Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths among Us. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, J. (2002). Biological, psychological and social processes in the conduct disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(1), 133–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, M. L. (1970). Moral development. In P. H. Mussen (Ed.), Carmichael’s manual of child development (3rd ed., pp. 261–360). New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• ———. (1977). Empathy, its development and prosocial implications. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 25, 169–217.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ———. (2000). Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• ———. (2007). The origins of empathic morality in toddlerhood. In C. A. Brownell & C. B. Kopp (Eds.), Socioemotional development in the toddler years: Transitions and transformations (pp. 132–145). New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Killen, M., & Smetana, J. G. (2006). Handbook of moral development. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Klinnert, M. D., Emde, R. N., Butterfield, P., & Campos, J. J. (1986). Social referencing: The infant’s use of emotional signals from a friendly adult with mother present. Developmental Psychology, 22(4), 427–432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochanska, G. (1991). Socialization and temperament in the development of guilt and conscience. Child Development, 62(6), 1379–1392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ———. (1993). Toward a synthesis of parental socialization and child temperament in early development of conscience. Child Development, 64(2), 325–347.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ———. (1994). Beyond cognition: Expanding the search for the early roots of internalization and conscience. Developmental Psychology, 30(1), 20–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ———. (2002a). Mutually responsive orientation between mothers and their young children: A context for the early development of conscience. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(6), 191–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ———. (2002b). Committed compliance, moral self, and internalization: A mediational model. Developmental Psychology, 38(3), 339–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochanska, G., & Aksan, N. (2004a). Development of mutual responsiveness between parents and their young children. Child Development, 75(6), 1657–1676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ———. (2004b). Conscience in childhood: Past, present, and future. Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 50(3), 299–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochanska, G., Aksan, N., & Koenig, A. L. (1995). A longitudinal study of the roots of preschoolers’ conscience: Committed compliance and emerging internalization. Child Development, 66(6), 1752–1769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochanska, G., DeVet, K., Goldman, M., Murray, K., et al. (1994). Maternal reports of conscience development and temperament in young children. Child Development, 5(3), 852–868.
   Google Scholar
• Kochanska, G., Forman, D. R., Aksan, N., & Dunbar, S. B. (2005). Pathways to conscience: Early mother-child mutually responsive orientation and children’s moral emotion, conduct, and cognition. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(1), 19–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochanska, G., Padavich, D. L., & Koenig, A. L. (1996). Children’s narratives about hypothetical moral dilemmas and objective measures of their conscience: Mutual relations and socialization antecedents. Child Development, 67(4), 1420–1436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohlberg, L., & Kramer, R. (1969). Continuities and discontinuities in childhood and adult moral development. Human Development, 12(2), 3–120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroes, M., Kalff, A. C., Steyaert, J., Kessels, A. G. H., Feron, F. J. M., Hendriksen, J. G. M., et al. (2002). A longitudinal community study: Do psychosocial risk factors and Child Behavior Checklist scores at 5 years of age predict psychiatric diagnoses at a later age? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(8), 955–963.
   Google Scholar
• Kuczynski, L., & Kochanska, G. (1990). Development of children’s noncompliance strategies from toddlerhood to age 5. Developmental Psychology, 26(3), 398–408.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhl, P. K. (2000). A new view of language acquisition. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Kurtines, W. M., & Gewirtz, J. L. (1991). Handbook of Moral Behavior and Development. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Lampl-De Groot, J. (1962). The genesis of ego structures. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 17, 94–106.
   Google Scholar
• Loewenstein, R. M., & Hartmann, H. (1966). Psychoanalysis: A General Psychology. New York: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Matas, L., Arend, R. A., & Sroufe, L. A. (1978). Continuity of adaptation in the second year: The relationship between quality of attachment and later competence. Child Development, 49, 547–556.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moffit, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2007). Evidence from behavioral genetics for environmental contributions to antisocial conduct. In: J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings. Handbook of Socialization: Theory and Research. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nagera, H. (1963). The developmental profile: Notes on some practical considerations regarding its use. In R. S. Eissler, A. Freud, H. Hartman, & M. Kris (Eds.), The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child: XVIII (pp. 511–540). Oxford, England: International Universities.
   Google Scholar
• Oppenheim, D., Emde, R. N., Hasson, M., & Warren, S. (1997). Preschoolers face moral dilemmas: A longitudinal study of acknowledging and resolving internal conflict. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 78(5), 943–957.
   Google Scholar
• Papousek, H., & Papousek, M. (1987). Intuitive parenting: A dialectic counterpart to the infant’s integrative competence. In J. D. Osofsky (Ed.), Handbook of Infant Development (2nd ed.) (pp. 669–720). Oxford, England: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Peters, E., Cillessen, A. H. N., Riksen-Walraven, J. M. A., Haselager, G. (2010). Best friend’s preference and popularity: Associations with aggression and prosocial behavior. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 34, 398–405.
   Google Scholar
• Piaget, J., & Gabain, M. (1932). The Moral Judgment of the Child. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Preston, S. D., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2002). Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 25(1), 1–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandler, J. (1960). On the concept of superego. Psychoanal. Study Child, 15, 128–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandler, J., Kawenoka, M., Neurath, L., Rosenblatt, B., Schnurmann, A., & Sigal, J. (1962). The classification of superego material in the Hampstead index. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 17, 107–127.
   Google Scholar
• Schafer, R. (1960). The loving and beloved superego in Freud’s structural theory. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 15, 163–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schore, A. N. (2001). The effects of early relational trauma on right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22(1–2), 201–269.
   Google Scholar
• Smeekens, S., Riksen-Walraven, J. M. A., & Van Bakel, H. J. A. (2007). Multiple Determinants of Externalizing Behavior in 5-Year-Olds: A Longitudinal Model. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 347–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ———. (2008). Profiles of competence and adaptation in preschoolers as related to the quality of parent–child interaction. Journal of Reseach in Personality, 42, 1490–1499.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sroufe, L. A., Duggal, S., Weinfield, N. S., & Carlson, E. (2000). Relationships, development, and psychopathology. In A. J. Sameroff, M. Lewis & S. M. Miller (Eds.), Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology (2nd ed.) (pp. 75–91). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stapert, W. (2006). Handleiding voor het coderen van de cheating games in het kader van het project gewetensontwikkeling. [Coding manual for the cheating games; part of the moral development project] Unpublished manual, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Stern, D. N. (1985). The Interpersonal World of the Infant: A View from Psychoanalysis and Developmental Psychology. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• ———. (1995). The Motherhood Constellation: A Unified View of Parent-Infant Psychotherapy. New York: BasicBooks.
   Google Scholar
• Trevarthen, C. (1979). Communication and cooperation in early infancy. A description of primary intersubjectivity. In M. Bullowa (Ed.), Before speech: The beginning of human communication (pp. 321–347). London: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• ———. (2001). Intrinsic motives for companionship in understanding: Their origin, development, and significance for infant mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22(1–2), 95–131.
   Google Scholar
• Trevarthen, C., & Aitken, K. J. (2001). Infant intersubjectivity: research, theory, and clinical applications. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 42(1), 3–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Bakel, H. J. A., & Riksen-Walraven, J. M. A. (2002). Parenting and development of one-year-olds: Links with parental, contextual, and child characteristics. Child Development, 73, 256–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ———. (2004). Stress reactivity in 15-month-old infants: Links with infant temperament, cognitive competence, and attachment security. Developmental Psychobiology, 44, 157–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verschueren, K., Marcoen, A., & Schoefs, V. (1996). The internal working model of the self, attachment, and competence in five-year-olds. Child Development, 67(5), 2493–2511.
   Google Scholar
• Zahn-Waxler, C., & Kochanska, G. (1990). The origins of guilt. In R. A. Thompson (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1988: Socioemotional development. Current Theory and Research in Motivation, Vol. 36 (pp. 183–258). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zahn-Waxler, C., Schmitz, S., Fulker, D., Robinson, J., & Emde, R. (1996). Behavior problems in 5-year-old monozygotic and dizygotic twins: Genetic and environmental influences, patterns of regulation, and internalization of control. Development and Psychopathology, 8(1), 103–122.
   Google Scholar