Religious Nationalism and Adaptation in Southeast Europe

REFERENCES

• Anagnostopoulou , Sia . 1997 . Asia Minor, 19th century–1919. The Greek Orthodox Communities. From the Rum Millet to Greek Nationhood , Athens : Ellinika Grammata . (in Greek)
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , Benedict . 1983 . Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and the Spread of Nationalism , London : Verso .
   Google Scholar
• Angelou , Alkis . 1997 . Secret School: The Chronicle of a Myth , Athens : Estia . (in Greek)
   Google Scholar
• Appleby , R. Scott . 2000 . The Ambivalence of the Sacred: Religion, Violence, and Reconciliation , Lanham, MD : Rowman & Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Arnakis , George . 1974 . “ The Role of Religion in the Development of Balkan Nationalism ” . In The Balkans in Transition: Essays on the Development of Balkan Life and Politics since the Eighteenth Century , Edited by: Jelavich , Charles and Jelavich , Barbara . 115 – 44 . Hamden : Archon Books .
   Google Scholar
• Augustinos , Gerasimos . 1977 . Consciousness and History: Nationalist Critics of Greek Society, 1897–1914 , Boulder : East European Quarterly .
   Google Scholar
• Babuna , Aydin . 2004 . The Albanians of Kosovo and Macedonia: Ethnic Identity Superseding Religion . Nationality Papers , 32 ( 2 ) : 287 – 321 .
   Google Scholar
• Banac , Ivo . 1983 . The Confessional ‘Rule’ and the Dubrovnik Exception: The Origins of the ‘Serb-Catholic Circle in the Nineteenth-Century Dalmatia . Slavic Review , 42 ( 3 ) : 448 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Banac , Ivo . 1984 . The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins History, Politics , Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Baysal , Jale . 1968 . Mu¨teferrikadan Birinci Meşrutiyete kadar Osmanlı Tu¨rklerinin bastıkları kitaplar , İstanbul : Edebiyat Faku¨ltesi Basımevi .
   Google Scholar
• Berkes , Niyazi . 1963 . The Development of Secularism in Turkey , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Bieber , Florian . 2000 . Muslim Identity in the Balkans before the Establishment of Nation States . Nationality Papers , 28 ( 1 ) : 13 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Brychta , Juraj . 2007/2008 . “ Revisiting the Debate on Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey ” . Queen's University Belfast . MA diss
   Google Scholar
• Çaha , O¨mer . 2004 . The Role of the Media in the Revival of Alevi Identity in Turkey . Social Identities , 10 ( 3 ) : 325 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Chaconas , Stephen George . 1968 . Adamantios Korais: A Study in Greek Nationalism , New York : AMS Press .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , Bruce . 2006 . Twice a Stranger: How Mass Expulsion Forged Modern Greece and Turkey , London : Granta Books .
   Google Scholar
• Crampton , Richard J. 1997 . A Concise History of Bulgaria , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Delanty , Gerard and O'Mahony , Patrick . 2002 . Nationalism and Social Theory: Modernity and the Recalcitrance of the Nation , London and Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Demaras , Konstantinos . 1975 . Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos (His Times—His Life—His Work) , Athens : Educational Foundation of the National Bank . (in Greek)
   Google Scholar
• Demaras , Konstantinos . 1977 . Greek Enlightenment , Athens : Hermes . (in Greek)
   Google Scholar
• Demetriou , Olga . 2004 . Prioritizing ‘Ethnicities’: The Uncertainty of Pomak-ness in the Urban Greek Rhodoppe . Ethnic and Racial Studies , 27 ( 1 ) : 95 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douflias , Konstantine . 1992 . Macedonia: Macedonian Struggle (Greece–Macedonia 4000 years) , Thessaloniki : Aegean Publications . (in Greek)
   Google Scholar
• Eickelman , Dale and Piscatori , James . 1996 . Muslim Politics , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fokas , Effie . Greek Orthodoxy and European Identity, Contemporary Greece and Europe, 2000 . Paper presented at the Kokkalis Program Second Graduate Student Workshop on Southeast Europe . February . Harvard University . <www.hks.harvard.edu/kokkalis/GSW2/Fokas.PDF> (accessed 23 February 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Frangos , George . 1973 . “ The Philiki Etairia: A Premature National Coalition ” . In The Struggle for Greek Independence , Edited by: Clogg , Richard . 87 – 104 . London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Frazee , Charles A. 1969 . The Orthodox Church and Independent Greece, 1821–1852 , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Geertz , Clifford . 1973 . The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Gellner , Ernest . 1964 . Thought and Change , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gellner , Ernest . 1983 . Nations and Nationalism , Oxford : Basil Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Gellner , Ernest . 1994 . Conditions of Liberty , London : Hamish Hamilton .
   Google Scholar
• Gellner , Ernest . 1995 . Encounters with Nationalism , Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Gellner , Ernest . 1997 . Nationalism , London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson .
   Google Scholar
• Georgiou , George John . “ Cyprus: The Republic of Cyprus ” . In The International Encyclopedia of Sexuality , Edited by: Francoeur , Robert T. New York : Continuum . <http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/IES/cyprus.html> (accessed 23 February 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Go¨kalp , Ziya . 1971 . “ The Ideal of Nationalism: Three Currents of Thought ” . In Nationalism in Asia and Africa , Edited by: Kedourie , Elie . 189 – 207 . London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson .
   Google Scholar
• Gourgouris , Stathis . 1996 . Dream Nation (Enlightenment Colonization and the Institution of Modern Greece) , Stanford : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Greenfeld , Liah . 1996 . The Modern Religion? . Critical Review , 10 ( 2 ) : 169 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halikiopoulou , Daphne . 2008 . The Changing Dynamics of Religion and National Identity: Greece and the Republic of Ireland in a Comparative Perspective . Journal of Religion in Europe , 1 ( 3 ) : 302 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Hann , Chris . 1997 . The Nation-State, Religion, and Uncivil Society: Two Perspectives from the Periphery . Daedalus , 126 ( 2 ) : 27 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Heper , Metin . 1985 . The State Tradition in Turkey , Beverley : Eothen Press .
   Google Scholar
• Heper , Metin and Guney , Aylin . 1996 . The Military and Democracy in the Third Turkish Republic . Armed Forces & Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal , 22 : 619 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobsbawm , Eric . 1992 . “ Introduction: Inventing Traditions ” . In The Invention of Tradition , Edited by: Hobsbawm , Eric and Ranger , Terence . 1 – 14 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hodson , Randy , Sekulic , Dusko and Massey , Garth . 1994 . National Tolerance in the Former Yugoslavia . American Journal of Sociology , 99 : 1534 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hroch , Miroslav . 1985 . Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe: A Comparative Analysis of the Social Composition of Patriotic Groups among the Smaller European Nations , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hroch , Miroslav . 1998 . “ Real and Constructed: The Nature of the Nation ” . In The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism , Edited by: Hall , John A. 91 – 106 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Huntington , Samuel . 1993 . The Clash of Civilizations . Foreign Affairs , 72 ( 3 ) : 22 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huntington , Samuel . 1996 . The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order , New York : Simon & Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Hutchinson , John . 1987 . The Dynamics of Cultural Nationalism: The Gaelic Revival and the Creation of the Irish Nation State , London : Allen & Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Hutchinson , John and Smith , Anthony . 1994 . Nationalism , Oxford and New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada . Turkey: Situation of Alevis (2005–May 2008) , 27 May 2008, TUR102821.E, UNHCR Refworld, <http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4885a91a2e.html> (accessed 13 November 2008)
   Google Scholar
• Iveković , Ivan . 2002 . Nationalism and the Political Use and Abuse of Religion: The Politicization of Orthodoxy, Catholicism and Islam in Yugoslav . Social Compass , 49 ( 4 ) : 523 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jelavich , Barbara . 1983 . History of the Balkans: Twentieth Century , Vol. 2 , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kadioglu , Ayse . 1996 . The Paradox of Turkish Nationalism and the Construction of Official Identity . Middle Eastern Studies , 32 ( 2 ) : 177 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karakaya-Polat , Rabia . The 2007 Parliamentary Elections in Turkey: Between Securitisation and Desecuritisation . Parliamentary Affairs , Advance Access published on 15 October 2008, DOI 10.1093/pa/gsn039
   Google Scholar
• Karpat , Kemal . 1964 . “ The Mass Media Turkey ” . In Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey , Edited by: Ward , Robert E. and Rustow , Dankwart A. 255 – 83 . Princeton : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kitromilides , Paschalis . 1979 . The Dialectic of Intolerance: Ideological Dimensions of Ethnic Conflict . Journal of Hellenic Diaspora , 6 ( 4 ) : 5 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Kitromilides , Paschalis . 1989 . Imagined Communities' and the Origins of the National Question in the Balkans . European History Quarterly , 19 ( 2 ) : 149 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kizilyurek , Niyazi . 1999 . Cyprus: The Impasse of Nationalisms , Athens : Mauri Lista . (in Greek)
   Google Scholar
• Kymlicka , Will . 1999 . “ Misunderstanding Nationalism ” . In Theorizing Nationalism , Edited by: Beiner , Ronald . 131 – 40 . Albany : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Laitin , David . 1998 . Identity in Formation: The Russian-Speaking Populations in the Near Abroad , Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Loizides , Neophytos . Re-framing Modern Greek Nationalism (Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos and Greece's Byzantine Legacy) . Paper presented at the Europe 1000–2000: A Thousand Years of Civitas, Communitas et Universitas conference . April . Budapest : Central European University .
   Google Scholar
• Loizides , Neophytos . Religion and Nationalism in the Balkans . Paper presented at the Kokkalis Program Second Graduate Student Workshop on Southeast Europe . Harvard University . February 2000, <http://www.hks.harvard.edu/kokkalis/GSW2/Loizides.PDF> (accessed 23 February 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Loizides , Neophytos . 2007 . Ethnic Nationalism and Adaptation in Cyprus . International Studies Perspectives , 8 : 172 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Magocsi , Paul . 1997 . Adaptation without Assimilation: The Genius of the Greco-Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo . Logos: A Journal of Eastern Christian Studies , 38 : 1 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Magocsi , Paul . 1999 . Of the Making of Nationalities there is No End , Vol. II , New York : East European Monographs, Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mardin , Şerif . 1971 . Ideology and Religion in the Turkish Revolution . International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies , 2 : 197 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mardin , Şerif . 1991 . The Just and the Unjust . Daedalus , 120 ( 3 ) : 113 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Mardin , Şerif . 1973 . Center Periphery Relations: A Key to Turkish Politics? . Daedalus , 102 ( 1 ) : 169 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• Mavrogordatos , George . 2003 . Orthodoxy and Nationalism in the Greek Case . West European Quarterly , 26 ( 1 ) : 117 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDowall , David . 1997 . A Modern History of the Kurds , London : I.B. Tauris .
   Google Scholar
• Michas , Takis . 2002 . Unholy Alliance: Greece and Miloševic´s Serbia , College Station : Texas A&M University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mouzelis , Nicos . 1998 . “ Ernest Gellner's Theory of Nationalism: Some Definitional and Methodological Issues ” . In The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism , Edited by: Hall , John A. 158 – 68 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Navaro-Yashin , Yael . 2002 . Faces of the State: Secularism and Public Life in Turkey , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Norman , Wayne . 1999 . “ Theorizing Nationalism (Normatively): The First Steps ” . In Theorizing Nationalism , Edited by: Beiner , Ronald . 51 – 66 . Albany : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• O'Leary , Brendan . 1998 . “ Gellner's Diagnoses of Nationalism: A Critical Overview or What is Living and What is Dead in Gellner's Philosophy of Nationalism?” . In The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism , Edited by: Hall , John A. 40 – 90 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Papadakis , Yiannis . 2005 . Echoes from the Dead Zone (Across the Cyprus Divide) , London : I.B. Tauris .
   Google Scholar
• Paparrigopoulos , Konstantinos . 1970 . The History of the Greek Nation 1853 , Athens : Nea Elliniki Vivliothiki . (in Greek)
   Google Scholar
• Payne , Daniel P. 2003 . The Clash of Civilisations: The Church of Greece, the European Union and the Question of Human Rights . Religion, State & Society , 31 ( 3 ) : 261 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Payne , Daniel P. 2007 . Nationalism and the Local Church: The Source of Ecclesiastical Conflict in the Orthodox Commonwealth . Nationalities Papers , 35 ( 5 ) : 831 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Pearton , Maurice . 1988 . “ Nicolae Iorga as Historian and Politician ” . In Historians as Nations-Builders: Central and Southeast Europe , Edited by: Deletant , Dennis and Hanak , Harry . 157 – 73 . London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Perica , Vjekoslav . 2002 . Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pollis , Adamantia . 1973 . Intergroup Conflict and British Colonial Policy: The Case of Cyprus . Comparative Politics , 5 ( 4 ) : 575 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulton , Hugh . 2000 . The Muslim Experience in the Balkan States . Nationalities Papers , 28 ( 1 ) : 45 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Ramet , Sabrina . 1992 . Balkan Babel: Politics, Culture, and Religion in Yugoslavia , Boulder : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , Marc Howard . 1997 . “ Culture and Identity in Comparative Political Analysis ” . In Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure , Edited by: Lichbach , Marc Irving and Zuckerman , Alan S. 42 – 81 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rossos , Andrew . 2008 . Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History , Stanford : Hoover Institution Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sakallioglu , Umit Cizre . 1998 . Kurdish Nationalism from an Islamist Perspective: The Discourses of Turkish Islamist Writers . Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs , 18 ( 1 ) : 120 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Salzman , Todd . 1998 . Rape Camps as a Means of Ethnic Cleansing: Religious, Cultural, and Ethical Responses to Rape Victims in the Former Yugoslavia . Human Rights Quarterly , 20 ( 2 ) : 348 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandal , Nukhet . Religious Actors as Epistemic Communities in Conflict Transformation: The Cases of South Africa and Northern Ireland . Unpublished manuscript
   Google Scholar
• Smith , Anthony . 1971 . Theories of Nationalism , London : Duckworth .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , Anthony . 1981 . The Ethnic Revival in the Modern World , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , Anthony . 1986 . The Ethnic Origins of Nations , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , Anthony . 1993 . National Identity , Reno : University of Nevada Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , Anthony . 1998 . Nationalism and Modernism: A Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism , London and New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Stavrianos , S. Leften . 1959 . The Balkans since 1453 , New York : Rinehart .
   Google Scholar
• Stavrianos , S. Leften . 1963 . The Balkans, 1815–1914 , New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Stefanovic , Djordje . 2005 . Seeing the Albanians through Serbian Eyes: The Inventors of the Tradition of Intolerance and their Critics, 1804–1939 . European History Quarterly , 35 ( 3 ) : 465 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Stoianovich , Traian . 1994 . Balkan Worlds: The First and Last Europe , Armonk, NY : M. E. Sharpe .
   Google Scholar
• Štulhofer . “ Croatia: The Republic of Croatia ” . In The International Encyclopedia of Sexuality , Edited by: Francoeur , Robert T. New York : Continuum . <http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/IES/croatia.html#0> (accessed 23 February 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Sugar , Peter F. 1994 . “ External and Domestic Roots of Eastern European Nationalism ” . In Nationalism in Eastern Europe , Edited by: Sugar , Peter F. and Lederer , Ivo John . 3 – 57 . Seattle : University of Washington Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tambiah , Stanley Jeyaraja . 1992 . Buddhism Betrayed? Religion, Politics, and Violence in Sri Lanka , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Todorova , Maria . 1997 . Imagining the Balkans , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Triandafyllidou , Anna . 1998 . National Identity and the ‘Other . Ethnic and Racial Studies , 21 ( 4 ) : 593 – 612 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trix , Frances . 1994 . The Resurfacing of Islam in Albania . East European Quarterly , 28 ( 4 ) : 533 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Bruinessen , Martin . 1992 . Agha, Shaikh and State: The Social and Political Structure of Kurdistan , London and New Jersey : Zed Books .
   Google Scholar
• Van Bruinessen , Martin . 1998 . Shifting National and Ethnic Identities: The Kurds in Turkey and the European Diaspora . Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs , 18 ( 1 ) : 39 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Vural , Yucel and Rustemli , Ahmet . 2006 . Identity Fluctuations in the Turkish Cypriot Community . Mediterranean Politics , 11 ( 3 ) : 329 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , Brian M. 2007 . ‘Ancient Enmities’ and Modern Conflict: History and Politics in Northern Ireland . Nationalism and Ethnic Politics , 13 ( 1 ) : 103 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Whyte , John . 1990 . Interpreting Northern Ireland , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar