Polymeric Membranes for Natural Gas Conditioning

References

• Arnold , K. E. and Stewart , M. I. 1999 . Surface Production Operations, Volume 2, Design of Gas-handling Systems and Facilities , Houston, TX : Gulf Publishing Company .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , R. W. 1999 . Recent developments in membrane vapor separation systems . Membrane Technol. , 114 : 9 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , R. W. 2002 . Future directions of membrane gas separation technology . Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , 41 : 393 – 1411 .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , R. W. 2004 . Membrane Technology and Applications , 2nd Ed. , John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Bhide , B. D. and Stern , S. A. 1993a . Membrane processes for the removal of acid gases from natural gas. I. Process configurations and optimization of operating conditions . J. Membr. Sci. , 81 : 209 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhide , B. D. and Stern , S. A. 1993b . Membrane processes for the removal of acid gases from natural gas. II. Effects of operating conditions, economic parameters, and membrane properties . J. Membr. Sci. , 81 : 239 – 252 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhide , B. D. , Voskericyan , A. and Stern , S. A. 1998 . Hybrid processes for the removal of acid gases from natural gas . J. Membr. Sci. , 140 : 27 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bos , A. , Punt , I. G. M. , Strathmann , H. and Wessling , M. 2001 . Suppression of gas separation membrane plasticization by homogeneous polymer blending . AIChE J. , 47 : 1088 – 1093 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bos , A. , Punt , I. G. M. , Wessling , M. and Strathmann , H. 1998 . Plasticization resistant glassy polyimide membranes for high pressure CO2/CH4 separations . Sep. Purif. Technol. , 14 : 27 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , S.-H. , Ruaan , R.-C. and Lai , J.-Y. 1997 . Sorption and transport mechanism of gases in polycarbonate membranes . J. Membr. Sci. , 134 : 143 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu , H. Y. , Jia , L. D. and Xu , J. P. 1994 . Studies on the sulfonation of poly (phenylene oxide) (PPO) and permeation behavior of case and water vapor through and sulfonated PPO membranes: II Permeation behavior of gases and water vapor through sulfonated PPO membranes . J. Appl. Poly. Sci. , 51 : 1405 – 1409 .
   Google Scholar
• Hagg , M. B. 1998 . Membranes in chemical processing: A review of applications and novel developments . Sep. Purif. Methods , 27 : 51 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Ismail , A. F. and Lorna , W. 2002 . Penetrant-induced plasticization phenomenon in glassy polymers for gas separation membrane . Sep. Purif. Technol. , 27 : 173 – 194 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia , L. D. , Xu , X. F. Zhang , H. J. 1996 . Sulfonated polyetherketon and its effects on permeation behavior to nitrogen and water vapor . J. Poly. Sci. , 60 : 1231 – 1237 .
   Google Scholar
• Jia , L. D. , Xu , X. F. Zhang , H. J. 1997 . Permeation of nitrogen and water vapor through sulfonated polyethersulfone membranes . J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. , 35 : 2133 – 2140 .
   Google Scholar
• Kesting , R. E. and Fritzsche , C. J. 1993 . Polymer Gas Separation Membrane , New York : Wiley-Interscience .
   Google Scholar
• Koros , W. J. and Fleming , G. K. 1993 . Membrane-based gas separation . J. Membr. Sci. , 83 : 1 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koros , W. J. and Mahajan , R. 2000 . Pushing the limits on possibilities for large scale gas separation: Which strategies? . J. Membr. Sci. , 17 : 181 – 196 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , A. L. , Feldkirchner , H. L. , Stern , S. A. Houde , A. Y. 1995 . Field tests of membrane modules for separation of carbon dioxide from low-quality natural gas . Gas Sep. Purif. , 9 : 35 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Liu , L. , Chen , Y. and Kang , Y. 2001 . Industrial development for natural gas dehydration by membrane . Petrochem. Eng. , 30 : 302 – 304 . (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Lokhandwana , K. A. and Jacobs , M. L. New membrane applications in gas processing http://www.mtrinc.com/Pages/NaturalGas/Presentation/GPA2000paper.pdfAvailable on-line at
   Google Scholar
• Lokhandwala , K. A. , Nadakatti , S. M. and Stern , S. A. 1995 . Solubility and transport of water vapor in some 6FDA-based polyimide . J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. , 33 : 965 – 976 .
   Google Scholar
• Maddox , R. N. 1997 . Natural Gas: Production, Processing, Transport Paris
   Google Scholar
• Mulder , M. 1996 . Basic Principles of Membrane Technology , Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Natural Gas Dehydration Systems http://www.airproducts.no/APimages/NGD%20FLYER.pdfAvailable on-line at
   Google Scholar
• Nunes , S. P. and Peinemann , K.-V. 2001 . Membrane Technology , Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH .
   Google Scholar
• Pandey , P. and Chauhan , R. S. 2001 . Membrane for gas separation . Prog. Polym. Sci. , 26 : 853 – 893 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezac , M. E. and Schoberl , B. 1999 . Transport and thermal properties of poly (ether imide)/acetylene-terminated monomer blends . J. Membr. Sci. , 156 : 211 – 222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scell , W. J. 1982 . Spiral-wound permeators for purification and recovery . Chem. Eng. Prog. , 78 : 3 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Semenova , S. I. 2004 . Polymer membranes for hydrocarbon separation and removal . J. Membr. Sci. , 231 : 189 – 207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staudt-Bickel , C. and Koros , W. J. 1999 . Improvement of CO2/CH4 separation characteristics of polyimides by chemical crosslinking . J. Membr. Sci. , 155 : 145 – 154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanihara , N. and Nakanishi , S. 1998 . Technology of polyimide membrane for separation . JETI , 46 : 125 – 127 .
   Google Scholar
• Wijmans , J. G. and Baker , R. W. 1995 . The solution-diffusion model: A review . J. Membr. Sci. , 107 : 1 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wind , J. D. , Paul , D. R. and Koros , W. J. 2004 . Natural gas permeation in polyimide membranes . J. Membr. Sci. , 228 : 227 – 236 .
   Google Scholar
• Zolandz , R. R. and Fleming , G. K. 1992 . “ Gas permeation ” . In Membrane Handbook , Edited by: Ho , W. S. W. and Sirkar , K. K. 54 – 101 . New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold . Chapters 4–6
   Google Scholar