References
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
- Burleson, B. R. (2009). Understanding the outcomes of supportive communication: A dual-process approach. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407509105519
- Buzzanell, P. M. (2010). Resilience: Talking, resisting, and imagining new normalcies into being. Journal of Communication, 60(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01469.x
- Buzzanell, P. M. (2018). Communication theory of resilience: Enacting adaptive-transformative processes when families experience loss and disruption. In D. O. Braithwaite, E. A. Suter, & K. Floyd (Eds.), Engaging theories in family communication (2nd ed., pp. 98–109). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315204321-9
- Chi, P., Li, X., Zhao, J., & Zhao, G. (2014). Vicious circle of perceived stigma, enacted stigma and depressive symptoms among children affected by HIV/AIDS in China. AIDS and Behavior, 18(6), 1054–1062. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0649-z
- Crandall, C. S., & Coleman, R. (1992). AIDS-related stigma and the disruption of social relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 9(2), 163–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407592092001
- Crenshaw, K. (1993). Beyond racism and misogyny: Black feminism and 2 live crew. In M. J. Matsuda, C. R. Lawrence, R. Delgado, & K. W. Crenshaw (Eds.), Words that wound (pp. 245–263). Routledge.
- Crocker, J., Major, B., & Steele, C. (1998). Social stigma. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (pp. 504–533). McGraw Hill.
- Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education: An introduction to the philosophy of education. Macmillan.
- Harper, G. W., Bruce, D., Hosek, S. G., Fernandez, M. I., Rood, B. A., & Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (2014). Resilience processes demonstrated by young gay and bisexual men living with HIV: Implications for intervention. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 28(12), 666–676. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2013.0330
- Human Dignity Trust. (2022). Map of countries that criminalise LGBT people. https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
- Koenig Kellas, J. (2008). Narrative theories: Making sense of interpersonal communication. In D. O. Braithwaite, E. A. Suter, & K. Floyd (Eds.), Engaging theories in family communication (2nd ed., pp. 98–109). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315204321-9
- Lamoreux, K. (17 July 2020). Best HIV blogs of 2021. Healthline. Retrieved October 9, 2021, from https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids/best-blogs-of-the-year#1
- Langellier, K., & Peterson, E. (2004). Storytelling in daily life: Performing narrative. Temple University Press.
- Lau, J. T. F., Lin, C., Hao, C., Wu, X., & Gu, J. (2011). Public health challenges of the emerging HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men in China. Public Health, 125(5), 260–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2011.01.007
- Lee, R. S., Kochman, A., & Sikkema, K. J. (2002). Internalized stigma among people living with HIV-AIDS. AIDS and Behavior, 6(4), 309–319. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021144511957
- Li, J., Mo, P. K., Kahler, C. W., Lau, J. T., Du, M., Dai, Y., & Shen, H. (2016). Prevalence and associated factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms among HIV-infected men who have sex with men in China. AIDS Care, 28(4), 465–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2015.1118430
- Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
- Maleke, K., Daniels, J., Lane, T., Struthers, H., McIntyre, J., & Coates, T. (2019). How social stigma sustains the HIV treatment gap for MSM in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Global Health Promotion, 26(4), 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975917737509
- Molina, Y., & Ramirez-Valles, J. (2013). HIV/AIDS stigma: Measurement and relationships to psycho-behavioral factors in Latino gay/bisexual men and transgender women. AIDS Care, 25(12), 1559–1568. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.793268
- Owen, W. F. (1984). Interpretive themes in relational communication. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 70(3), 274–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335638409383697
- Prati, G., & Pietrantoni, L. (2016). HIV-stigma and self-reported health status among HIV- positive MSM: The moderating role of coping self-efficacy. International Journal of Sexual Health, 28(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2015.1068903
- Scharp, K. (2021). Thematic co-occurrence analysis: Advancing a theory and qualitative method to illuminate ambivalent experiences. Journal of Communication, 71(4), 545–571. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqab015
- Scharp, K., Geary, D., Wolfe, B., Wang, T., & Fesenmaier, M. (2021). Understanding the triggers and communicative processes that constitute resilience in the context of migration to the United States. Communication Monographs, 88(4), 395–417, https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2020.1856395
- Seale, C., Charteris-Black, J., MacFarlane, A., & McPherson, A. (2010). Interviews and internet forums: A comparison of two sources of qualitative data. Qualitative Health Research, 20(5), 595–606. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732309354094
- Semple, S. J., Strathdee, S. A., Zians, J., & Patterson, T. L. (2012). Factors associated with experiences of stigma in a sample of HIV-positive, methamphetamine-using men who have sex with men. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 125(1–2), 154–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.04.007
- Siegel, K., & Meyer, I. H. (1999). Hope and resilience in suicide ideation and behavior of gay and bisexual men following notification of HIV infection. AIDS Education and Prevention, 11(1), 53–64.
- Thaker, J., Dutta, M., Nair, V., & Rao, V. P. (2018). The interplay between stigma, collective efficacy, and advocacy communication among men who have sex with men and transgender females. Journal of Health Communication, 23(7), 614–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2018.1499833
- Thomas, B., Mimiaga, M. J., Mayer, K. H., Perry, N. S., Swaminathan, S., & Safren, S. A. (2012). The influence of stigma on HIV risk behavior among men who have sex with men in Chennai, India. AIDS Care, 24(11), 1401–1406. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2012.672717
- Tian, Z., & Bush, H. R. (2020). Half the sky: Interwoven resilience processes of women political leaders in China. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 48(1), 70–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2019.1704829
- Turner, H. A., Hays, R. B., & Coates, T. J. (1993). Determinants of social support among gay men: The context of AIDS. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34(1), 37–53. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137303
- United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS. (2021). Global HIV & AIDS statistics – 2020 fact sheet. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet
- Vanable, P. A., Carey, M. P., Blair, D. C., & Littlewood, R. A. (2006). Impact of HIV-related stigma on health behaviors and psychological adjustment among HIV-positive men and women. AIDS and Behavior, 10(5), 473–482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-006-9099-1
- World Health Organization. (2020). Men who have sex with men. https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/populations/men-who-have-sex-with-men
- World Health Organization. (2021). Summary of the global HIV epidemic, 2020. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/hiv-aids