The human cost of chronic mindfulness in U.S. law enforcement: toward a more nuanced understanding of HRO theory

References

• Afifi, T. D., Afifi, W. A., Acevedo Callejas, M., Shahnazi, A., White, A., & Nimah, N. (2019). The functionality of communal coping in chronic uncertainty environments: The context of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon. Health Communication, 34(13), 1585–1596. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2018.1514682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Anshel, M. H. (2000). A conceptual model and implications for coping with stressful events in police work. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 27(3), 375–400. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854800027003006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashforth, B. E., & Fried, Y. (1988). The mindlessness of organizational behaviors. Human Relations, 41(4), 305–329. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678804100403
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbour, J. B., & Gill, R. (2017). Questioning as regulatory work practice: The communicative accomplishment of reliability and safety in the oversight of nuclear power plants. Communication Monographs, 84(4), 466–487. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2017.1322212
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barton, M. A., Sutcliffe, K. M., Vogus, T. J., & DeWitt, T. (2015). Performing under uncertainty: Contextualized engagement in wildland firefighting. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 23(2), 74–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisel, R. S., Messersmith, A. S., & Keyton, J. (2010). Understanding organizational culture and communication through a gyroscope metaphor. Journal of Management Education, 34(3), 342–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562909340879
   Google Scholar
• Brummans, B. H. J. M. (2014). Pathways to mindful qualitative organizational communication research. Management Communication Quarterly, 28(3), 440–447. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318914535286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bye, R. J., Almklov, P., Antonsen, S., Nyheim, O. M., Aalberg, A. L., & Johnsen, S. O. (2019). The institutional context of crisis. A study of the police response during the 22 July terror attacks in Norway. Safety Science, 111, 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.09.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Cooren, F. (2004). The communicative achievement of collective minding: Analysis of board meeting excerpts. Management Communication Quarterly, 17(4), 517–551. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318903262242
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Ganesh, S., & McAllum, K. (2010). Well-being as discourse: Potentials and problems for studies of organizing and health inequalities. Management Communication Quarterly, 24(3), 491–498. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318910370274
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutschmidt, D., & Vera, A. (2021). Stress and health in the police: A conceptual framework. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 15(2), 1306–1315. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paaa070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopson, M., Craig, R., & Castle Bell, G. (2015). Driving while black. In. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118663202.wberen281
   Google Scholar
• Jahn, J. L. S. (2016). Adapting safety rules in a high reliability context: How wildland firefighting workgroups ventriloquize safety rules to understand hazards. Management Communication Quarterly, 30(3), 362–389. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318915623638
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahn, J. L. S. (2019). Voice enactment: Linking voice with experience in high reliability organizing. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 47(3), 283–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2019.1613555
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahn, J. L. S., & Black, A. E. (2017). A model of communicative and hierarchical foundations of high reliability organizing in wildland firefighting teams. Management Communication Quarterly, 31(3), 356–379. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318917691358
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassing, J. W. (2011). Dissent in organizations. Polity.
   Google Scholar
• King, W. R. (2009). Police officer misconduct as normal accidents: An organizational perspective: Police misconduct. Criminology & Public Policy, 8(4), 771–776. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00592.x
   Google Scholar
• Klinger, D. (2020). Organizational accidents and deadly police-involved violence: Some thoughts on extending theory, expanding research, and improving police practice. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 687(1), 28–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716219892913
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langer, E.J. (2014). Mindfulness forward and back. In I. Amanda, T. Ngnoumen, & E. J. Langer (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell handbook of mindfulness (pp. 7–20). Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118294895.
   Google Scholar
• Langer, E. J., Blank, A., & Chanowitz, B. (1978). The mindlessness of ostensibly thoughtful action: The role of ‘placebic’ information in interpersonal interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(6), 635–642. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.36.6.635
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaPorte, T. R., & Consolini, P. (1998). Theoretical and operational challenges of ‘high-reliability organizations’: Air-traffic control and aircraft carriers. International Journal of Public Administration, 21(6-8), 847–852. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699808525320
   Google Scholar
• Milosevic, I., Bass, A. E., & Combs, G. M. (2018). The paradox of knowledge creation in a high-reliability organization: A case study. Journal of Management, 44(3), 1174–1201. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315599215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morash, M., Haarr, R., & Kwak, D.-H. (2006). Multilevel influences on police stress. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 22(1), 26–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986205285055
   Google Scholar
• Njoku, A., Ahmed, Y., & Bolaji, B. (2021). Police brutality against Blacks in the United States and ensuing protests: Implications for social distancing and Black health during COVID-19. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 31(1-4), 262–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2020.1822251
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novak, J. M., & Sellnow, T. L. (2009). Reducing organizational risk through participatory communication. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 37(4), 349–373. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909880903233168
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orbe, M. P. (1998). An outsider within perspective to organizational communication. Management Communication Quarterly, 12(2), 230–279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318998122003
   Google Scholar
• Owens, B. P., & Hekman, D. R. (2012). Modeling how to grow: An inductive examination of humble leader behaviors, contingencies, and outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 55(4), 787–818. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0441
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, K. H. (1990). Some characteristics of one type of high reliability organization. Organization Science, 1(2), 160–176. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1.2.160
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strike, V. M., & Rerup, C. (2016). Mediated sensemaking. Academy of Management Journal, 59(3), 880–905. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.0665
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tracy, S. J. (2003). Correctional contradictions: A structural approach to addressing officer burnout. Corrections Today, 65(2), 90.
   Google Scholar
• Tracy, S. J. (2004). Dialectic, contradiction, or double bind? Analyzing and theorizing employee reactions to organizational tension. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 32(2), 119–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/0090988042000210025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tracy, S. J. (2020). Qualitative research methods: Collecting evicence, crafting analysis, communicating impact (2 ed.). Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• van Stralen, D. (2021). High reliability organizing. http://high-reliability.org
   Google Scholar
• van Stralen, D., Byrum, S. L., & Inozu, B. (2017). High reliability for a highly unreliable world: Preparing for code blue through daily operations in healthcare. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
   Google Scholar
• Vingerhoets, A., & Bylsma, L. M. (2016). The riddle of human emotional crying: A challenge for emotion researchers. Emotion Review, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073915586226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weick, K. E. (1993). The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: The Mann Gulch disaster. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38(4), 628–652. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393339
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Weick, K. E., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2006). Mindfulness and the quality of organizational attention. Organization Science, 17(4), 514–524. https://bi-gale-com.hal.weber.edu/global/article/GALE%7CA149253107?u = ogde72764&sid = summon https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1060.0196
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weick, K. E., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2007). Managing the unexpected: Resilient performance in an age of uncertainty (2nd ed.). Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Weick, K. E., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2015). Managing the unexpected: Sustained performance in a complex world (3rd ed.). Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Weick, K. E., Sutcliffe, K. M., & Obstfeld, D. (2005). Organizing and the process of sensemaking. Organization Science, 16(4), 409–421. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1050.0133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar