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Original Articles

The relational approach to presidential communication: The Ford/Carter coalitions

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Pages 135-152 | Published online: 21 May 2009

References

  • Bentley , Arthur F. 1908 . The Process of Government , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Latham , Earl . 1952 . The Group Basis of Politics , Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell university Press .
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  • Zeigler , L. Harmon and Peak , G. Wayne . 1972 . Interest Groups in American Society , 2nd ed. , 23 Englewood Cliffs, N.Y. : Prentice‐Hall . Bentley, p. 222; and
  • Zeigler and Peak, p. 8–9.
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  • Zeigler and Peak, p. 22.
  • Schattschneider , E. E. 1960 . The Semi‐Sovereign People , 7 – 9 . New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
  • Truman, p. 486.
  • Truman, p. 482–9.
  • Truman, p. 402.
  • Fiorina , Morris . 1977 . Congress: Keystone of the Washington Establishment, , 5 – 11 . New Haven : Yale University Press .
  • Neustadt , Richard . 1960 . Presidential Power , 88 New York : John Wiley & Sons . and Truman, p. 402
  • Truman, p. 402.
  • Bentley, p. 13.
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  • Neustadt, p. 88.
  • Catlin , George E. G. 1930 . A Study of the Principles of Politics , 371 – 75 . London : George Allen & Unwin . Catlin's rational approach suggests that one selects the group which is most likely to maximize his political efficacy. Thus, presidential attention to Southerners rather than farmers would likely suggest to the rational southern farmers that he reconceptualize himself politically as Southerner first and farmer second. Thus, it seems that presidential attention long term can alter the lines of political cleavage. See
  • Stewart , John . 1978 . “Foundations of Dialogic Communication” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 64 : 183 – 90 . For a general treatment of the relationship between phenomenology and the relational approach to communication see
  • 1977 . Bridges Not Walls, , 2nd ed. , 15 – 24 . Reading, Mass. : Addision‐Wesley .
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  • Farber , Marvin . 1900 . The Aims of Phenomenology , New York : Harper and Row‐Harper Torchbooks .
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  • Schutz, p. 212–3.
  • Schutz, p. 191–2.
  • Boulding , Kenneth E. 1969 . The Image , 3 – 18 . Ann Arbor : The University of Michigan Press .
  • Schutz, pp. 196–202.
  • Miller , Gerald R. and Steinberg , Mark . 1975 . Between People , 51 Chicago : Science Research Associates .
  • This is not to diminish the importance of studying the individual communicators. Such research can be very useful within the relational framework.
  • Berne , Eric . 1944 . Games People Play , New York : Grove Press .
  • 1961 . Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy , New York : Grove Press .
  • Haley , Jay . 1963 . Strategies of Psychotherapy , New York : Grune and Stratton .
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  • 1950 . Interaction Process Analysis: A Method for the Study of Small Groups , Reading, Mass. : Addision‐Wesley .
  • Cartwight , Dorwin and Zander , Alfred , eds. 1953 . “A Theoretical Framework for Interaction Process Analysis” . In Group Dynamics, Research and Theory , Evanston, III. : Row, Peterson and Co. .
  • 1968 . “Interaction Process Analysis” . In New Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences , New York : Macmillan .
  • Barnlund , Dean and Harland , Carroll . 1968 . “Propinquity and Prestige as Determinants of Communication Networks” . In Interpersonal Communication , Edited by: Barnlund , Dean . 108 – 118 . Boston, Mass. : Houghton Mifflin Company .
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  • Watzlawick, Beavin, and Jackson, pp. 83–90.
  • Stewart . Bridges not Walls, 23 – 4 . Eric Berne has developed this distinction between the ‘content’ and ‘relationship’ levels of communication as the need of every individual for “strokes”; from others which confirm his existence (Berne, Ch. 1). And John C. Stewart refers to John Keltner's metaphor of the “Spiritual Child”; created when two people communicate. Even after the communication is terminated the relationship between them lives on, modified by subsequent events and communication. (
  • Laing , Ronald D. 1961 . The Self and Others: Further Studies in Sanity and Madness , 89 London : Tavistock Publications . This is a popular passage with those studying relational communication. It is cited by Watzlawick, Beavin, and Jackson, p. 86 via
  • Schutz, p. 191.
  • Fenno , Richard F. Jr. 1978 . Home Style: House Members in Their Districts , 54 – 61 . Boston : Little, Brown and Co. .
  • Goffman , Erving . 1959 . The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life , New York : Doubleday .
  • Leuthold , David . 1968 . Electioneering in a Democracy , New York : Wiley .
  • Neustadt, p. 63.
  • Bales . Personality and Interpersonal Behavior, 62
  • Sickels , Robert S. 1974 . Presidential Transactions , 164 Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice Hall . Edelman, p. 1–21; and
  • Koenig , Louis W. 1975 . The Chief Executive, , 3rd ed. , 95 – 98 . New York : Harcourt, Brace and Jovanovich .
  • Barker , Lucius J. and McCorry , Jesse J. Jr. 1976 . Black Americans and the Political System , 207 Cambridge, Mass. : Winthrop Publishers . Key, pp. 20–43; and
  • Zeigler and Peak, pp. 252–258.
  • U. S. Bureau of the Census of the Population: 1970 . 1973 . Characteristics of the Population , Volume 1 , 7 Washington, D. C : U. S. Government Printing Office . The regions included the following states: Northeast‐Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania; North Central‐Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, N & S Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas; South‐Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas; West‐Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, California, Alaska, and Hawaii
  • Wooten , James . 1978 . Dasher , New York : Summit Books . Chapter 1
  • Rossiter , Clinton . 1960 . The American Presidency, , 2nd ed. , 28 – 29 . New York : Mentor Books .
  • Wildavsky , Aaron . “The Two Presidencies” . The Presidency , 233 – 236 .
  • Neustadt . November 1978 . The Gallup Opinion Index, , Report No. 160 November , 3 Chapter 5, and
  • As indicated in #41, our regional categories were based on census data rather than electoral divisions.
  • Bales . Personality and Interpersonal Behavior, 62
  • Ranney , Austin . 1962 . The Doctrine of Responsible Party Government , 12 Urbana : University of Illinois Press .

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