Visual Attention to Programming and Commercials: The Use of In-home Observations

References

• Allen , Charles L. 1965 . “Photographing the TV Audience,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 5 ( 1 ) : 2 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abernethy , Avery M. 1991a . “Television Exposure: Programs vs. Advertising,” . Current Issues & Research in Advertising , 13 : 1 – 2 .
   Google Scholar
• Abernethy , Avery M. 1991b . “Differences Between Advertising and Program Exposure For Car Radio Listening,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 31 April/May : 33 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , Dan R. , Lorch , E. P. , Field , D. E. , Collins , P. and Nathan , J. 1986 . “Television Viewing at Home: Age Trends in Visual Attention Time with TV,” . Child Development , 57 : 1024 – 1033 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , Dan R. and Levin , S. R. 1986 . “Young Children's Attention to Sesame Street,” . Child Development , 47 : 806 – 811 .
   Google Scholar
• Assael , Henry and Poltrack , David . 1993 . “Using Single Source Data To Select TV Programs: Part 11,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 33 January/February : 48 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechtel , R. B. , Achelpohl , C. and Akins , R. 1972 . “Correlates Between Observed Behavior and Questionnaire Responses on Television Viewing,” . In Television and Social Behavior, Reports and Papers, Volume IV: Television in Day-to Day Life: Patterns of Use, A Technical Report to the Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior , Edited by: Rubenstein , E. A. , Comstock , George A. and Murray , John P. Washington , DC : U.S. Government Printing Office . U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Health Services and Mental Health Administration, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, MD
   Google Scholar
• Berg , Bruce L. 1989 . Qualitative Research Methods For The Social Sciences , 1 – 11 . Boston : Allyn and Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Cameron , Glen T. , Schleuder , Joan and Thorson , Esther . 1991 . “The Role of News Teasers in the Processing of News and Commercials,” . Communication Research , 18 ( 5 ) : 667 – 684 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronin , John J. and Menelly , Nancy E. 1992 . “Discrimination Vs. Avoidance: ‘Zipping’ of Television Commercials,” . Journal of Advertising , 21 June : 1 – 7 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collet , Peter and Lamb , R. 1986 . “Watching People Watch TV,” . In Independent Broadcasting Authority London Report to the
   Google Scholar
• Danaher , Peter J. and Beed , Terence W. 1993 . “A Coincidental Survey of People Meter Panelists: Comparing What People Say With What They Do,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 33 January/February : 86 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denzin , Norman K. 1977 . “Logic of Naturalistic Inquiry” . In Childhood Socialization , 28 – 37 . San Francisco : Jossey-Bass Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Jorgensen , Danny L. 1990 . Participant Observation , Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Krugman , Dean M. and Johnson , Keith F. 1991 . “Differences in the Consumption of Traditional Broadcast and VCR Movie Rentals,” . Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media , 35 Spring : 1 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krugman , Dean M. and Johnson , Keith F. 1985 . “Evaluating the Audiences of New Media,” . Journal of Advertising , 14 ( 4 ) : 21 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krugman , Dean M. and Johnson , Keith F. 1989 . “The Television Viewing Environment: Implications of Audience Change,” . In Cable TV Advertising: In Search of the Right Formula , Edited by: Batra , R. and Glazer , R. 75 – 94 . New York : Quorum .
   Google Scholar
• Krugman , Dean M. and Shamp , Scott . “Observations of Audience Behavior During Television Commercials,” . Proceedings of The 1992 Conference of The American Academy of Advertising . pp. 156 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Krugman , Herbert E. 1988 . “Points of View: Limits of Attention to Advertising,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 28 October/November : 47 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krugman , Herbert E. 1977 . “Memory Without Recall, Exposure Without Perception,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 17 August 1977 : 7 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krugman , Herbert E. 1965 . “The Impact of Television Advertising: Learning Without Involvement,” . Public Opinion Quarterly , 29 Fall : 349 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin , Gary . 1992 . “Anthropologists in Adland,” . Advertising Age , February 24 : 3
   Google Scholar
• Lindlof , Thomas R. , Shatzer , M. J. and Wilkinson , D. 1988 . “Accommodation of Video and Television in the American Family,” . In World Families Watch Television , Edited by: Lull , James . 158 – 192 . Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Lindlof , Thomas R. and Meyer , Timothy P. 1987 . “Mediated Communication as Ways of Seeing, Acting, and Constructing Culture: The Tools and Foundations of Qualitative Research,” . In Natural Audiences , Edited by: Lindlof , T. R. 1 – 30 . Norwood , NJ : Ablex Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd , David W. and Clancy , Kevin J. 1991 . “CPMs Versus CPMIs: Implications For Media Planning,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 31 ( 4 ) : 34 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lull , James . 1982 . “How Families Select Television Programs: A Mass Observational Study,” . Journal of Broadcasting , 26 ( 4 ) : 801 – 811 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lull , James . 1988 . “Constructing Rituals of Extension Through Family Television Viewing,” . In World Families Watch Television , Edited by: Lull , James . 237 – 259 . Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Morely , David . 1988 . “Domestic Relations: The Framework of Family Viewing in Great Britain,” . In World Families Watch Television , Edited by: Lull , J. 22 – 48 . Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Pavelchak , Mark A. , Antil , John H. and Munch , James M. “Why Do People Recall TV Ads? A Comparison of Viewer Beliefs and Objective Contextual Determinants of Recall,” . Proceedings of The American Marketers Association . San Diego .
   Google Scholar
• Poltrack , David . 1987 . “People Meters,” . The New Yorker , March 27 : 25
   Google Scholar
• Reid , Leonard N. and Frazer , Charles F. 1980 . “Television at Play,” . Journal of Communication , 30 Autumn : 66 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rust , Roland T. 1985 . “Selecting Network Television Advertising Schedules,” . Journal of Business Research , 13 : 483 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rust , Roland T. and Stout , Patricia A. “Can Existing Media Selection Models Incorporate Qualitative Aspects of Television Viewing,” . Proceedings of The 1989 Conference of The American Academy of Advertising . pp. RC99 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Steiner , Gary A. 1966 . “The People Look at Commercials: A Study of Audience Behavior,” . Journal of Business (University of Chicago) , 39 Spring : 272 – 304 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoneman , Zolinda and Brody , G. H. 1983 . “Family Interactions During Three Programs: Contextualist Observations,” . Journal of Family Issues , 4 : 349 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorson , Esther , Friestad , Marian and Zhoa , Xinshu . “Attention to Program Content in a Natural Viewing Environment: Effects on Memory and Attitudes Toward Commercials,” . Paper presented at Association for Consumer Research . Boston .
   Google Scholar
• Turk , Peter B. 1988 . “Effective Frequency Report: Its Use and Evaluation by Major Agency Media Department Executives,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 28 April/May : 55 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zufryden , Fred S. , Pedrick , James H. and Sankaralingam , Avu . 1993 . “Zapping and Its Impact on Brand Purchase Behavior,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 33 January/February : 58 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar