Forced Exposure and Psychological Reactance: Antecedents and Consequences of the Perceived Intrusiveness of Pop-Up Ads

References

• Aaker , David S. and Bruzzone , Donald E. 1985 . “Causes of Irritation in Advertising,” . Journal of Marketing , 49 ( 2 ) : 47 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abernethy , Avery M. “Physical and Mechanical Avoidance of Television Commercials: An Exploratory Study of Zipping, Zapping and Leaving,” . Proceedings of the American Academy of Advertising . Edited by: Holman , Rebecca . pp. 223 – 231 . New York : The American Academy of Advertising .
   Google Scholar
• Alwitt , Linda F. and Prabhaker , Paul R. 1992 . “Functional and Belief Dimensions of Attitudes to Television,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 32 ( 5 ) : 30 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer , Raymond A. and Greyser , Stephen A. 1968 . Advertising in American: The Consumer View , Boston , MA : Harvard University .
   Google Scholar
• Biel , Alexander L. and Bridgwater , Carol A. 1990 . “Attributes of Likable Television Commercials,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 30 ( 3 ) : 38 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollen , Kenneth A. 1989 . Structural Equations with Latent Variables , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Bowen , John . 2001 . “Analyst View: The Emergence of Rich Media,” . Red Herring , (January 24), http://www.redherring.com/index.asp?layout=story&channel=20000002&doc_id=1210017521
   Google Scholar
• Brehm , Jack W. 1966 . A Theory of Psychological Reactance , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brehm , Sharon S. and Brehm , Jack W. 1981 . Psychological Reactance: A Theory of Freedom and Control , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Clancey , Maura . 1994 . “The Television Audience Examined,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 39 ( 5 ) : 27 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Clee , Mona A. and Wicklund , Robert A. 1980 . “Consumer Behavior and Psychological Reactance,” . Journal of Consumer Research , 6 ( 4 ) : 389
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronin , John J. and Menelly , Nancy E. 1992 . “Discrimination vs. Avoidance: ‘Zipping” of Television Commercials,” . Journal of Advertising , 21 Summer : 1 – 7 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ducoffe , Robert H. 1995 . “How Consumers Assess the Value of Advertising,” . Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising , 17 ( 1 ) : 1 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Ducoffe , Robert H. 1996 . “Advertising Value and Advertising on the Web,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 36 ( 5 ) : 21 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friestad , Marian and Wright , Peter . 1994 . “The Persuasion Knowledge Model: How People Cope with Persuasion Attempts,” . Journal of Consumer Research , 21 ( 1 ) : 1 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ha , Louisa . 1996 . “Advertising Clutter in Consumer Magazines: Dimensions and Effects,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 36 July/August : 76 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman , Donna L. and Novak , Thomas P. 1996 . “Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments: Conceptual Foundations,” . Journal of Marketing , 60 ( 3 ) : 50 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bureau , Interactive Advertising . 2001 . Rich Media Ad Unit Guidelines , Interactive Advertising Bureau . (August 6), [http://www.iab.net/rich_content/index.html]
   Google Scholar
• Janiszewski , Chris . 1990 . “The Influence of Nonattended Material on the Processing of Advertising Claims,” . Journal of Marketing Research , 27 ( 3 ) : 263 – 278 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , R. B. 1989 . LISREL 7: A Guide to the Program and Applications, , 2d ed. , Chicago : SPSS Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Kahneman , Daniel . 1973 . Attention and Effort , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , John R. 1971 . “How Program Environment Affects TV Commercials,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 11 ( 1 ) : 33 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krugman , Dean M. and Johnson , Keith F. 1991 . “Differences in the Consumption of Traditional Broadcast and VCR Movie Rental,” . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 35 Spring : 213 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krugman , Herbert E. 1983 . “Television Program Interest and Commercial Interruption: Are Commercials on Interesting Programs Less Effective?” . Journal of Advertising Research , 23 ( 1 ) : 21 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , Hairong , Edwards , Steven M. and Lee , Joo-Hyun . “Measuring the Intrusiveness of Internet Advertising: Scale Development and Validation,” . Proceedings of the 2001 Conference of the American Academy of Advertising . Edited by: Taylor , Charles R. pp. 25 – 26 . Villanova , PA : American Academy of Advertising .
   Google Scholar
• McQuail , Dennis . 1983 . Moss Communication Theory: An Introduction , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Milward Brown Interactive . 1999a . The Wired Digital Rich Media Study , San Francisco , CA : Millward Brown Interactive . http://www.mtelliquest.com/search/results.asp?vpath=/press/releases/mbi_release05.asp
   Google Scholar
• McQuail , Dennis . 1999b . Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Superstitials , Millward Brown Interactive . (October), [http://www.unicast.com/downloads/mbi.pdf]
   Google Scholar
• John , P. Jr. , Lastovicka , John L. and Singh , Surendra N. 1992 . “Feeling and Liking Responses to Television Programs: An Examination of Two Explanations for Media Context Effects,” . Journal of Consumer Research , 18 March : 441 – 451 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , Whan C. and McClung , Gordon W. “The Effect of TV Program Involvement on Involvement with Commercials,” . Proceedings of Association of Consumer Research . Edited by: Lutz , Richard J. pp. 544 – 547 . Las Vegas , NV : Association of Consumer Research .
   Google Scholar
• Pasadeos , Yorgo . 1990 . “Perceived Informativeness of and Irritation with Local Advertising,” . Journalism Quarterly , 67 ( 1 ) : 35 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petty , Richard E. and Cacioppo , John T. 1979 . “Issue Involvement Can Increase or Decrease Persuasion by Enhancing Message-Relevant Cognitive Responses,” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 37 ( 10 ) : 1915 – 1926 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reizenstine , Richard C. “A Dissonance Approach to Measuring the Effectiveness of Two Personal Selling Techniques Through Decision Reversal,” . Proceedings of the Conference of the American Marketing Association . pp. 176 – 180 . Chicago : American Marketing Association .
   Google Scholar
• Robertson , Thomas S. and Rossiter , John R. 1974 . “Children and Commercial Persuasion: An Attribution Theory Analysis,” . Journal of Consumer Research , 1 ( 1 ) : 13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandage , Charles H. and Leckenby , John . 1980 . “Student Attitude toward Advertising: Institution vs. Instrument,” . Journal of Advertising , 9 ( 2 ) : 29 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Sherman , Lee and Deighton , John . 2001 . “Banner Advertising: Measuring Effectiveness and Optimizing Placement,” . Journal of Interactive Marketing , 15 ( 2 ) : 60 – 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , Surendra N. and Churchill , Gilbert A. Jr. 1987 . “Arousal and Advertising Effectiveness,” . Journal of Advertising , 16 ( 1 ) : 4 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soldow , Gary F. and Principe , Victor . 1981 . “Response to Commercials as a Function of Program Context,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 21 ( 2 ) : 59 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speck , Paul Surgi and Elliott , Michael T. 1997 . “Predictors of Advertising Avoidance in Print and Broadcast Media,” . Journal of Advertising , 26 ( 3 ) : 61 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , Catharine P. 2001 . “The Crackle Over ‘Pop Unders,”’ . Advertising Age , 72 ( 16 ) July : 36
   Google Scholar
• Wells , William D. , Leavitt , Clark and McConville , Maureen . 1971 . “A Reaction Profile for TV Commercials,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 11 December : 11 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi , Youjae . 1990 . “Cognitive and Affective Priming Effects of the Context for Print Advertising,” . Journal of Advertising , 19 ( 2 ) : 40 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar