1,890
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Special Section: Advertising in Hospitality, Tourism, and Travel

When the Unknown Destination Comes Alive: The Detrimental Effects of Destination Anthropomorphism in Tourism

, , &
Pages 508-524 | Received 29 Feb 2020, Accepted 20 Jul 2020, Published online: 02 Oct 2020

References

  • Aggarwal, P., and A. L. McGill. 2007. Is this car smiling at me? Schema congruity as basis for evaluating anthropomorphized products. Journal of Consumer Research 34 (4):468–79. doi:10.1086/518544
  • Aggarwal, P., and A. L. McGill. 2012. When brands seem human, do humans act like brands? Automatic behavioral priming effects of brand anthropomorphism. Journal of Consumer Research 39 (2):307–23. doi:10.1086/662614
  • Ahn, H.-K., H. J. Kim, and P. Aggarwal. 2014. Helping fellow beings: Anthropomorphized social causes and the role of anticipatory guilt. Psychological Science 25 (1):224–29. doi:10.1177/0956797613496823
  • Barth, R. 2014. 8 greatest city mascots around the world. https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/cute-world-mascots/index.html
  • Bi, J., and X. Y. Lehto. 2018. Impact of cultural distance on international destination choices: The case of chinese outbound travelers. International Journal of Tourism Research 20 (1):50–59. doi:10.1002/jtr.2152
  • Blair, I. V., B. Park, and J. Bachelor. 2003. Understanding intergroup anxiety: Are some people more anxious than others? Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 6 (2):151–69. doi:10.1177/1368430203006002002
  • Carlier, C. 2018. The strange, enduring charm of Japan’s civic mascots. https://www.citylab.com/design/2018/06/the-strange-enduring-charm-of-japans-civic-mascots/561488/.
  • Castelli, L., L. De Amicis, and S. J. Sherman. 2007. The loyal member effect: On the preference for ingroup members who engage in exclusive relations with the ingroup. Developmental Psychology 43 (6):1347–59. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1347
  • Chen, R. P., E. W. Wan, and E. Levy. 2017. The effect of social exclusion on consumer preference for anthropomorphized brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology 27 (1):23–34. doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2016.05.004
  • Chiasson, N., C. Charbonneau, and J. Proulx. 1996. In-group-out-group similar information as a determinant of attraction toward members of minority groups. The Journal of Social Psychology 136 (2):233–41. doi:10.1080/00224545.1996.9713997
  • Crotts, J. C. 2004. The effect of cultural distance on overseas travel behaviors. Journal of Travel Research 43 (1):83–88. doi:10.1177/0047287504265516
  • Delbaere, M., E. F. McQuarrie, and B. J. Phillips. 2011. Personification in advertising: Using a visual metaphor to trigger anthropomorphism. Journal of Advertising 40 (1):121–30. doi:10.2753/JOA0091-3367400108
  • Epley, N., A. Waytz, and J. T. Cacioppo. 2007. On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism. Psychological Review 114 (4):864–86. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.114.4.864
  • Epley, N., J. Schroeder, and A. Waytz. 2013. Motivated mind perception: Treating pets as people and people as animals. In Objectification and (de)humanization: 60th Nebraska symposium on motivation, ed. S. J. Gervais, 127–52. New York: Springer Science + Business Media. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 60.
  • Fournier, S. 1998. Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research 24 (4):343–73. doi:10.1086/209515
  • Golossenko, A., K. Pillai, and L. Aroean. 2020. Seeing brands as humans: Development and validation of a brand anthropomorphism scale. International Journal of Research in Marketing. Advance Online Publication. doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2020.02.007
  • Hart, P., S. Jones, and M. B. Royne. 2013. The human lens: How unprimed anthropomorphic reasoning varies by product and enhances value perception. Journal of Marketing Management 29 (1–2):105–21. doi:10.1080/0267257X.2012.759993
  • Hart, P., and M. B. Royne. 2017. Being human: How anthropomorphic presentations can enhance advertising effectiveness. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising 38 (2):129–45. doi:10.1080/10641734.2017.1291381
  • Heide, F. 1958. The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley.
  • Hofstede, G. 1991. Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. London: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
  • Hofstede, G. 2001. Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Huang, F., V. C. Wong, and E. W. Wan. 2019. The influence of product anthropomorphism on comparative judgment. Journal of Consumer Research 46 (5):936–55. doi:10.1093/jcr/ucz028
  • Hur, J. D., M. Koo, and W. Hofman. 2015. When temptations come alive: How anthropomorphism undermines self-control. Journal of Consumer Research 42:340–58.
  • Inada, M., and D. Wakabayashi. 2012. The life and times of Japan’s mascots. http://on.wsj.com/RRjBSh.
  • Kim, S., R. P. Chen, and K. Zhang. 2016. Anthropomorphized helpers undermine autonomy and enjoyment in computer games. Journal of Consumer Research 43 (2):282–302. doi:10.1093/jcr/ucw016
  • Kim, H. (C.), and T. Kramer. 2015. Do materialists prefer the “brand-as-servant”? The interactive effect of anthropomorphized brand roles and materialism on consumer responses. Journal of Consumer Research 42 (2):284–99. doi:10.1093/jcr/ucv015
  • Kim, S., and A. L. McGill. 2011. Gaming with Mr. Slot or gaming the slot machine? Power, anthropomorphism, and risk perception. Journal of Consumer Research 38 (1):94–107. doi:10.1086/658148
  • Kwak, H., M. Puzakova, and J. F. Rocereto. 2015. Better not smile at the price: The differential role of brand anthropomorphization on perceived price fairness. Journal of Marketing 79 (4):56–76. doi:10.1509/jm.13.0410
  • Kwak, H., M. Puzakova, and J. F. Rocereto. 2017. When brand anthropomorphism alters perceptions of justice: The moderating role of self-construal. International Journal of Research in Maketing 34 (4):851–71.
  • Laker, B. 2020. The world's most talked about city is Tokyo. But why not New York city, London, or Paris? Forbes. Archived from the Original on February 13, 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/benjaminlaker/2020/02/10/the-worlds-most-talked-about-city-is-tokyo-but-why-not-new-york-city-london-or-paris/#12428df369c0.
  • Lepp, A., and H. Gibson. 2003. Tourists roles, perceived risk and international tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 30 (3):606–24. doi:10.1016/S0160-7383(03)00024-0
  • Letheren, K., B. A. S. Martin, and H. S. Jin. 2017. Effects of personification and anthropomorphic tendency on destination attitude and travel intentions. Tourism Management 62:65–75. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.03.020
  • Loda, M. D., W. Norman, and K. F. Backman. 2007. Advertising and publicity: Suggested new applications for tourism marketers. Journal of Travel Research 45 (3):259–65. doi:10.1177/0047287506292688
  • MacCrimmon, K. R., and D. A. Wehrung. 1986. Taking risks: The management of uncertainty. New York: Free Press.
  • MacIntyre, P. D., P. A. Babin, and R. Clement. 1999. Willingness to communicate: Antecedents & consequences. Communication Quarterly 47 (2):215–29. doi:10.1080/01463379909370135
  • Meschi, P.-X. 1997. Longevity and cultural differences of international joint ventures: Toward time-based cultural management. Human Relations 50 (2):211–28. doi:10.1177/001872679705000207
  • Ng, S. I., J. A. Lee, and G. N. Soutar. 2007. Tourists’ intention to visit a country: The impact of cultural distance. Tourism Management 28 (6):1497–506. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2006.11.005
  • Nishii, M., and T. Moriguchi. 2019. The effect of background colors on consumers’ products’ haptic images and preferences: Focusing on products’ anthropomorphism. JSMD Review 3 (1):1–10. doi:10.32299/jsmdreview.3.1_1
  • Pancer, S. M., L. M. McMullen, R. A. Kabatoff, K. G. Johnson, and C. A. Pond. 1979. Conflict and avoidance in the helping situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 (8):1406–11.
  • Perez-Vega, R., B. Taheri, T. Farrington, and K. O'Gorman. 2018. On being attractive, social and visually appealing in social media: The effects of anthropomorphic tourism brands on Facebook fan page. Tourism Management 66:339–47. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.11.013
  • Postmes, T., and N. R. Branscombe. 2002. Influence of long-term racial environmental composition on subjective well-being in African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83 (3):735–51. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.83.3.735
  • Puzakova, M., and P. Aggarwal. 2018. Brands as rivals: consumer pursuit of distinctiveness and the role of brand anthropomorphism. Journal of Consumer Research 45 (4):869–88. doi:10.1093/jcr/ucy035
  • Puzakova, M., and H. Kwak. 2017. Should anthropomorphized brands engage customers? The impact of social crowding on brand preferences. Journal of Marketing 81 (6):99–115. doi:10.1509/jm.16.0211
  • Puzakova, M., H. Kwak, and J. F. Rocereto. 2013. When humanizing brands goes wrong: The detrimental effect of brand anthropomorphization amid product wrongdoings. Journal of Marketing 77 (3):81–100. doi:10.1509/jm.11.0510
  • Puzakova, M., J. F. Rocereto, and H. Kwak. 2013. Ads are watching me: A view from the interplay between anthropomorphism and customization. International Journal of Advertising 32 (4):513–38. doi:10.2501/IJA-32-4-513-538
  • Reisinger, Y., and F. Mavondo. 2006. Cultural differences in travel risk perception. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 20 (1):13–31. doi:10.1300/J073v20n01_02
  • Reisinger, Y., and L. Turner. 1998. Cultural differences between mandarin-speaking tourists and Australian hosts and their impact on cross-cultural tourist-host interaction. Journal of Business Research 42 (2):175–87. doi:10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00107-0
  • Seabra, C., S. Dolnicar, J. Luís Abrantes, and E. Kastenholz. 2013. Heterogeneity in risk and safety perceptions of international tourists. Tourism Management 36:502–10. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2012.09.008
  • Shenkar, O. 2001. Cultural distance revisited: Towards a more rigorous conceptualization and measurement of cultural differences. Journal of International Business Studies 32 (3):519–35. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490982
  • Stephan, W. 2014. Intergroup anxiety: Theory, research, and practice. Personality and Social Psychology Review : An Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc 18 (3):239–55. doi:10.1177/1088868314530518
  • Stephan, W. G., and C. W. Stephan. 1985. Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues 41 (3):157–76. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1985.tb01134.x
  • Sutton, W. A. 1967. Travel and understanding: Notes on social structure of tourism. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 8 (2):218–23. doi:10.1177/002071526700800206
  • Tajfel, H., and J. C. Turner. 1986. The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In Psychology of Intergroup Relations, eds. S. Worchel and W. G. Austin. Chicago: Nelson-Hall,
  • Tsaur, S. H., G. H. Tzeng, and K. C. Wang. 1997. Evaluating tourist risks from fuzzy perspectives. Annals of Tourism Research 24 (4):796–812.
  • Turner, J. C. 1987. A self-categorization theory. In Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory, eds. J. C. Turner, A. Hogg, P. J. Oakes, S. D. Reicher, and M. S. Wetherell, 42–67. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Woodside, A. G., and D. M. Reid. 1976. Choosing competing magazines for tourism advertising programs using a net revenue approach. Journal of Advertising 5 (3):25–28. doi:10.1080/00913367.1976.10672648
  • Zhao, X., J. G. Lynch, Jr., and Q. Chen. 2010. Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37 (2):197–206. doi:10.1086/651257

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.