A Picture’s Worth a Thousand Words: Using Depicted Movement in Picture-Based Ads to Increase Narrative Transportation

References

• Aggarwal, Pankaj, and Ann L. McGill. 2007. “Is That Car Smiling at Me? Schema Congruity as a Basis for Evaluating Anthropomorphized Products.” Journal of Consumer Research 34 (4):468–79. doi:10.1086/518544
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison, Truett, Aina Puce, and Gregory McCarthy. 2000. “Social Perception from Visual Cues: Role of the STS Region.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 (7):267–78. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01501-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appel, Markus, and Tobias Richter. 2007. “Persuasive Effects of Fictional Narratives Increase over Time.” Media Psychology 10:113–34. doi:10.1080/15213260701301194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argo, Jennifer J., Rui (Juliet) Zhu, and Darren W. Dahl. 2008. “Fact or Fiction: An Investigation of Empathy Differences in Response to Emotional Melodramatic Entertainment.” Journal of Consumer Research 34 (5):614–23. doi:10.1086/521907
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlyne, D. E. 1958. “The Influence of Complexity and Novelty in Visual Figures on Orienting Responses.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 55 (3):289–96. doi:10.1037/h0043555
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhatnagar, Namita, and Fang Wan. 2011. “Is Self-Character Similarity Always Beneficial? The Moderating Role of Immersion in Product Placement Effects.” Journal of Advertising 40 (2):39–50. doi:10.2753/JOA0091-3367400203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biehal, Gabriel, Debra Stephens, and Eleonora Curio. 1992. “Attitude toward the Ad and Brand Choice.” Journal of Advertising 21 (3):19–36. doi:10.1080/00913367.1992.10673373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blakemore, Sarah-Jane, and Jean Decety. 2001. “From the Perception of Action to the Understanding of Intention.” Nature Reviews. Neuroscience 2 (8):561–7. doi:10.1038/35086023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, Chingching. 2009. ““Being Hooked” by Editorial Content: The Implications for Processing Narrative Advertising.” Journal of Advertising 38 (1):21–33. doi:10.2753/JOA0091-3367380102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, Chingching. 2011. “Feeling Ambivalent about Going Green.” Journal of Advertising 40 (4):19–32. doi:10.2753/JOA0091-3367400402
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Tong, Amar Razzaq, Ping Qing, and Bibin Cao. 2021. “Do You Bear to Reject Them? The Effect of Anthropomorphism on Empathy and Consumer Preference for Unattractive Produce.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 61:102556. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102556
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Tsai, and Hsiang-Ming Lee. 2014. “Why Do We Share? The Impact of Viral Videos Dramatized to Sell.” Journal of Advertising Research 54 (3):292–303. doi:10.2501/JAR-54-3-292-303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow, Cheris W. C., and Chung-Leung Luk. 2006. “Effects of Comparative Advertising in High-and Low-Cognitive Elaboration Conditions.” Journal of Advertising 35 (2):55–67. doi:10.1080/00913367.2006.10639229
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chronis, Athinodoros. 2008. “Co-Constructing the Narrative Experience: Staging and Consuming the American Civil War at Gettysburg.” Journal of Marketing Management 24 (1-2):5–27. doi:10.1362/026725708X273894
   Google Scholar
• Cian, Luca, Aradhna Krishna, and Ryan S. Elder. 2014. “This Logo Moves Me: Dynamic Imagery from Static Images.” Journal of Marketing Research 51 (2):184–97. doi:10.1509/jmr.13.0023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cian, Luca, Aradhna Krishna, and Ryan S. Elder. 2015. “A Sign of Things to Come: Behavioral Change through Dynamic Iconography.” Journal of Consumer Research 41 (6):1426–46. doi:10.1086/680673
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, Paul M. 2013. “The Role of Baseline Physical Similarity to Humans in Consumer Responses to Anthropomorphic Animal Images.” Psychology & Marketing 30 (6):461–8. doi:10.1002/mar.20619
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csibra, Gergely, György Gergely, Szilvia Bı́ró, Orsolya Koós, and Margaret Brockbank. 1999. “Goal Attribution without Agency Cues: The Perception of ‘Pure Reason’ in Infancy.” Cognition 72 (3):237–67. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(99)00039-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delbaere, Marjorie, Edward F. McQuarrie, and Barbara J. Phillips. 2011. “Personification in Advertising.” Journal of Advertising 40 (1):121–30. doi:10.2753/JOA0091-3367400108
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demaree, Heath A., Brandon J. Schmeichel, Jennifer L. Robinson, Jie Pu, D. Erik Everhart, and Gary G. Berntson. 2006. “Up- and Down-Regulating Facial Disgust: Affective, Vagal, Sympathetic, and Respiratory Consequences.” Biological Psychology 71 (1):90–9. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeRosia, Eric D. 2008. “The Effectiveness of Nonverbal Symbolic Signs and Metaphors in Advertisements: An Experimental Inquiry.” Psychology and Marketing 25 (3):298–316. doi:10.1002/mar.20210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epley, Nicholas. 2018. “A Mind like Mine: The Exceptionally Ordinary Underpinnings of Anthropomorphism.” Journal of the Association for Consumer Research 3 (4):591–8. doi:10.1086/699516
   Google Scholar
• Epley, Nicholas, Adam Waytz, and John T. Cacioppo. 2007. “On Seeing Human: A Three-Factor Theory of Anthropomorphism.” Psychological Review 114 (4):864–86. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.114.4.864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escalas, Jennifer Edson. 2004. “Narrative Processing: Building Consumer Connections to Brands.” Journal of Consumer Psychology 14 (1&2):168–80. doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1401&2_19
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escalas, Jennifer Edson. 2007. “Self-Referencing and Persuasion: Narrative Transportation versus Analytical Elaboration.” Journal of Consumer Research 33 (4):421–9. doi:10.1086/510216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escalas, Jennifer Edson, Marian Moore, Chapman and Julie, and Edell Britton. 2004. “Fishing for Feelings? Hooking Viewers Helps!.” Journal of Consumer Psychology 14 (1-2):105–14. doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1401&2_12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiori, Francesca, Ela Plow, Maria Luisa Rusconi, and Zaira Cattaneo. 2020. “Modulation of Corticospinal Excitability during Paintings Viewing: A TMS Study.” Neuropsychologia 149:107664. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedberg, David, and Vittorio Gallese. 2007. “Motion, Emotion and Empathy in Esthetic Experience.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11 (5):197–203. 10.1016/j.tics.2007.02.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freyd, Jennifer J. 1983. “The Mental Representation of Movement When Static Stimuli Are Viewed.” Perception & Psychophysics 33 (6):575–81. doi:10.3758/BF03202940
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frischen, Alexandra, John D. Eastwood, and Daniel Smilek. 2008. “Visual Search for Faces with Emotional Expressions.” Psychological Bulletin 134 (5):662–76. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.5.662
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaesser, Brendan. 2012. “Constructing Memory, Imagination, and Empathy: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective.” Frontiers in Psychology 3:576. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00576
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gaesser, Brendan, Kerri Keeler, and Liane Young. 2018. “Moral Imagination: Facilitating Prosocial Decision-Making Through Scene Imagery and Theory of Mind.” Cognition 171:180–93. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2017.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaesser, Brendan, and Daniel L. Schacter. 2014. “Episodic Simulation and Episodic Memory Can Increase Intentions to Help Others.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111 (12):4415–20. doi:10.1073/pnas.1402461111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher, H. L., F. Happé, N. Brunswick, P. C. Fletcher, U. Frith, and C. D. Frith. 2000. “Reading the Mind in Cartoons and Stories: An fMRI Study of ‘Theory of Mind’ in Verbal and Nonverbal Tasks.” Neuropsychologia 38 (1):11–21. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(99)00053-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilliam, David A., and Alex R. Zablah. 2013. “Storytelling during Retail Service Encounters.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 20 (5):488–94. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2013.04.005
   Google Scholar
• Green, Melanie C., and Timothy C. Brock. 2000. “The Role of Transportation in the Persuasiveness of Public Narratives.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79 (5):701–21. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.79.5.701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guido, Gianluigi, Marco Pichierri, Giovanni Pino, and Rajan Nataraajan. 2019. “Effects of Face Images and Face Pareidolia on Consumers' Responses to Print Advertising: An Empirical Investigation.” Journal of Advertising Research 59 (2):219–31. doi:10.2501/JAR-2018-030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart, Phillip, and Marla B. Royne. 2017. “Being Human: How Anthropomorphic Presentations Can Enhance Advertising Effectiveness.” Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising 38 (2):129–45. doi:10.1080/10641734.2017.1291381
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. 2018. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Perspective. 2nd ed. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heider, Fritz, and Marianne Simmel. 1944. “An Experimental Study of Apparent Behavior.” The American Journal of Psychology 57 (2):243–59. doi:10.2307/1416950
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holbert, R. Lance, and Esul Park. 2020. “Conceptualizing, Organizing, and Positing Moderation in Communication Research.” Communication Theory 30 (3):227–46. doi:10.1093/ct/qtz006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kardes, Frank R. 1988. “Spontaneous Inference Processes in Advertising: The Effects of Conclusion Omission and Involvement on Persuasion.” Journal of Consumer Research 15 (2):225–33. doi:10.1086/209159
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kardes, Frank R., Steven S. Posavac, and Maria L. Cronley. 2004. “Consumer Inference: A Review of Processes, Bases, and Judgment Contexts.” Journal of Consumer Psychology 14 (3):230–56. doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1403_6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlson, Karola. 2017. “Animation vs Still Images: Which One Wins?” Ad Espresso, March 17. Accessed June 28, 2021. https://adespresso.com/blog/animation-vs-still-images-one-wins/.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, Jae-Eun, Stephen Lloyd, and Marie-Cécile Cervellon. 2016. “Narrative Transportation Storylines in Luxury Brand Advertising: Motivating Consumer Engagement.” Journal of Business Research 69 (1):304–13. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.08.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Sara, and Ann L. McGill. 2011. “Gaming with Mr. Slot or Gaming the Slot Machine? Power, Anthropomorphism, and Risk Perception.” Journal of Consumer Research 38 (1):94–107. doi:10.1086/658148
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krakowiak, K. M., and M. B. Oliver. 2012. “When Good Characters Do Bad Things: Examining the Effect of Moral Ambiguity on Enjoyment.” Journal of Communication 62 (1):117–35. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01618.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landwehr, Jan R., Ann L. McGill, and Andreas Herrmann. 2011. “It's Got the Look: The Effect of Friendly and Aggressive “Facial” Expressions on Product Liking and Sales.” Journal of Marketing 75 (3):132–46. doi:10.1509/jmkg.75.3.132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lien, Nai-Hwa, and Yi-Len Chen. 2013. “Narrative Ads: The Effect of Argument Strength and Story Format.” Journal of Business Research 66 (4):516–22. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.12.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzocco, Philip J., Melanie C. Green, Jo A. Sasota, and Norman W. Jones. 2010. “This Story Is Not for Everyone: Transportability and Narrative Persuasion.” Social Psychological and Personality Science 1 (4):361–8. doi:10.1177/1948550610376600
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFerran, Brent, Darren W. Dahl, Gerald J. Gorn, and Heather Honea. 2010. “Motivational Determinants of Transportation into Marketing Narratives.” Journal of Consumer Psychology 20 (3):306–16. doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2010.06.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McQuarrie, Edward F., and Barbara J. Phillips. 2008. “It’s Not Your Father’s Magazine Ad: Magnitude and Direction of Recent Changes in Advertising Style.” Journal of Advertising 37 (3):95–106. doi:10.2753/JOA0091-3367370307
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Megehee, Carol M., and Arch G. Woodside. 2010. “Creating Visual Narrative Art for Decoding Stories That Consumers and Brands Tell.” Psychology & Marketing 27 (6):603–22. doi:10.1002/mar.20347
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nahal, Priya, Peter L. Hurd, Silven Read, and Bernard Crespi. 2021. “Cognitive Empathy as Imagination: Evidence from Reading the Mind in the Eyes in Autism and Schizotypy.” Frontiers in Psychiatry 12:665721. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.665721
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• New, Joshua, Leda Cosmides, and John Tooby. 2007. “Category-Specific Attention for Animals Reflects Ancestral Priorities, Not Expertise.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 (42):16598–603. doi:10.1073/pnas.0703913104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, Jesper H., and Jennifer Edson Escalas. 2010. “Easier Is Not Always Better: The Moderating Role of Processing Type on Preference Fluency.” Journal of Consumer Psychology 20 (3):295–305. doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2010.06.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemyjska, Aleksandra, Katarzyna Cantarero, Katarzyna Byrka, and Michał Bilewicz. 2018. “Too Humanlike to Increase My Appetite: Disposition to Anthropomorphize Animals Relates to Decreased Meat Consumption through Empathic Concern.” Appetite 127:21–7. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.04.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oatley, Keith, and Maja Djikic. 2018. “Psychology of Narrative Art.” Review of General Psychology 22 (2):161–8. doi:10.1037/gpr0000113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petty, Richard E., John T. Cacioppo, and David Schumann. 1983. “Central and Peripheral Routes to Advertising Effectiveness: The Moderating Role of Involvement.” Journal of Consumer Research 10 (2):135–46. doi:10.1086/208954
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, Barbara J. 2017. “Consumer Imagination in Marketing: A Theoretical Framework.” European Journal of Marketing 51 (11/12):2138–55. doi:10.1108/EJM-06-2016-0354
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, Barbara J., and Edward F. McQuarrie. 2010. “Narrative and Persuasion in Fashion Advertising.” Journal of Consumer Research 37 (3):368–92. doi:10.1086/653087
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puzakova, Marina, Hyokjin Kwak, and Joseph F. Rocereto. 2013. “When Humanizing Brands Goes Wrong: The Detrimental Effect of Brand Anthropomorphization Amid Product Wrongdoings.” Journal of Marketing 77 (3):81–100. doi:10.1509/jm.11.0510
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reavey, Brooke, Marina Puzakova, Trina Larsen Andras, and Hyokjin Kwak. 2018. “The Multidimensionality of Anthropomorphism in Advertising: The Moderating Roles of Cognitive Busyness and Assertive Language.” International Journal of Advertising 37 (3):440–62. doi:10.1080/02650487.2018.1438054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimé, Bernard, Bernadette Boulanger, Philippe Laubin, Marc Richir, and Kathleen Stroobants. 1985. “The Perception of Interpersonal Emotions Originated by Patterns of Movement.” Motivation and Emotion 9 (3):241–60. doi:10.1007/BF00991830
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos Da Rosa, Neemias, Laura Fernández‐Macías, Tommaso Mattioli, and Margarita Díaz‐Andreu. 2021. “Dance Scenes in Levantine Rock Art (Spain): A Critical Review.” Oxford Journal of Archaeology 40 (4):342–66. doi:10.1111/ojoa.12228
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholl, Brian J., and Patrice D. Tremoulet. 2000. “Perceptual Causality and Animacy.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 (8):299–309. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01506-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Servais, Véronique. 2018. “Anthropomorphism in Human-Animal Interactions: A Pragmatist View.” Frontiers in Psychology 9:2590. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Severson, Rachel L., and Shailee R. Woodard. 2018. “Imagining Others' Minds: The Positive Relation Between Children's Role Play and Anthropomorphism.” Frontiers in Psychology 9:2140. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, Lijiang. 2010. “On a Scale of State Empathy during Message Processing.” Western Journal of Communication 74 (5):504–24. doi:10.1080/10570314.2010.512278
   Google Scholar
• Shi, Jinfu, Xuchu Weng, Sheng He, and Yi Jiang. 2010. “Biological Motion Cues Trigger Reflexive Attentional Orienting.” Cognition 117 (3):348–54. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2010.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparks, Johnny V., and Annie Lang. 2015. “Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Sexy and Humorous Content in Advertisements.” Communication Monographs 82 (1):134–62. doi:10.1080/03637751.2014.976236
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, Simone, and Kurt Gray. 2021. “Feeling Empathy for Organizations: Moral Consequences, Mechanisms, and the Power of Framing.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 96:104147. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomalski, Przemyslaw, Gergely Csibra, and Mark H. Johnson. 2009. “Rapid Orienting toward Face-like Stimuli with Gaze-Relevant Contrast Information.” Perception 38 (4):569–78. doi:10.1068/p6137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touré-Tillery, Maferima, and Ann L. McGill. 2015. “Who or What to Believe: Trust and the Differential Persuasiveness of Human and Anthropomorphized Messengers.” Journal of Marketing 79 (4):94–110. doi:10.1509/jm.12.0166
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tremoulet, Patrice D., and Jacob Feldman. 2000. “Perception of Animacy from the Motion of a Single Object.” Perception 29 (8):943–51. doi:10.1068/p3101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Laer, Tom, and Ko de Ruyter. 2010. “In Stories We Trust: How Narrative Apologies Provide Cover for Competitive Vulnerability after Integrity-Violating Blog Posts.” International Journal of Research in Marketing 27 (2):164–74. doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2009.12.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Laer, Tom, Ko de Ruyter, Luca M. Visconti, and Martin Wetzels. 2014. “The Extended Transportation-Imagery Model: A Meta-Analysis of the Antecedents and Consequences of Consumers’ Narrative Transportation.” Journal of Consumer Research 40 (5):797–817. doi:10.1086/673383
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Laer, Tom, Stephanie Feiereisen, and Luca M. Visconti. 2019. “Storytelling in the Digital Era: A Meta-Analysis of Relevant Moderators of the Narrative Transportation Effect.” Journal of Business Research 96:135–46. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters, Gabrielle, Beverley Sparks, and Carmel Herington. 2007. “The Effectiveness of Print Advertising Stimuli in Evoking Elaborate Consumption Visions for Potential Travelers.” Journal of Travel Research 46 (1):24–34. doi:10.1177/0047287507302376
   Google Scholar
• Wan, Jing. 2018. “Paying the Doughboy: The Effect of Time and Money Mind-Sets on Preference for Anthropomorphized Products.” Journal of the Association for Consumer Research 3 (4):466–76. doi:10.1086/699673
   Google Scholar
• Wentzel, Daniel, Torsten Tomczak, and Andreas Herrmann. 2010. “The Moderating Effect of Manipulative Intent and Cognitive Resources on the Evaluation of Narrative Ads.” Psychology and Marketing 27 (5):510–30. doi:10.1002/mar.20341
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, Patricia M., Joel Huber, and Kyeong Sam Min. 2004. “Altering Experience Utility: The Impact of Story Writing and Self-Referencing on Preferences.” Journal of Consumer Research 31 (3):623–30. doi:10.1086/425097
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, Patti, and Aimee Drolet. 2005. “Age-Related Differences in Response to Emotional Advertisements.” Journal of Consumer Research 32 (3):343–54. doi:10.1086/497545
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar