References
- Canadian Institute for Health Information [Internet]. Injury and trauma emergency department and hospitalization statistics, 2017–2018. [cited 2020 Mar]. Available from: https://www.cihi.ca/en/access-data-reports/results?query=sport+related+concussion&Search+Submit=
- McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Dvorak J, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport—the 5th international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(11):838–847.
- Karr JE, Areshenkoff CN, Garcia-Barrera MA. The neuropsychological outcomes of concussion: a systematic review of meta-analyses on the cognitive sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychology. 2014;28(3):321–336.
- McCrea M, Guskiewicz KM, Marshall SW, et al. Acute effects and recovery time following concussion in collegiate football players: the NCAA concussion study. JAMA. 2003;290(19):2556–2563.
- Williams RM, Puetz TW, Giza CC, et al. Concussion recovery time among high school and collegiate athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2015;45(6):893–903.
- Cantu RC. Second-impact syndrome. Clin Sports Med. 1998;17(1):37–44.
- Saunders RL, Harbaugh RE. The second impact in catastrophic contact-sports head trauma. JAMA. 1984;252(4):538–539.
- Wetjen NM, Pichelmann MA, Atkinson JL. Second impact syndrome: concussion and second injury brain complications. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;211(4):553–557.
- Rosenbaum AM, Arnett PA. The development of a survey to examine knowledge about and attitudes toward concussion in high-school students. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2010;32(1):44–55.
- Kaut KP, DePompei R, Kerr J, et al. Reports of head injury and symptom knowledge among college athletes: implications for assessment and educational intervention. Clin J Sport Med. 2003;13(4):213–221.
- Register-Mihalik JK, Guskiewicz KM, McLeod TCV, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and concussion-reporting behaviors among high school athletes: a preliminary study. J Athl Train. 2013;48(5):645–653.
- Bernstein JP, Calamia M, Mullenix S. Predictors of collegiate student-athletes’ concussion-related knowledge and behaviors. Can J Neurol Sci. 2019;46(5):575–584.
- Bagley AF, Daneshvar DH, Schanker BD, et al. Effectiveness of the SLICE program for youth concussion education. Clin J Sport Med. 2012;22(5):385–389.
- Kurowski B, Pomerantz WJ, Schaiper C, et al. Factors that influence concussion knowledge and self-reported attitudes in high school athletes. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014;77(301):S12.
- Nanos KN, Franco JM, Larson D, et al. Youth sport-related concussions: perceived and measured baseline knowledge of concussions among community coaches, athletes, and parents. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92(12):1782–1790.
- Follmer B, Varga AA, Zehr EP. Understanding concussion knowledge and behavior among mixed martial arts, boxing, kickboxing, and Muay Thai athletes and coaches. Physician Sports Med. 2020;23:1–7.
- Cusimano MD, Zhang S, Topolovec-Vranic J, et al. Factors affecting the concussion knowledge of athletes, parents, coaches, and medical professionals. SAGE Open Med. 2017;5:1–9.
- Rice T, Curtis R. Parental knowledge of concussion: evaluation of the CDC’s “heads up to parents” educational initiative. J Safety Res. 2019;69:85–93.
- O’Connor S, Geaney D, Beidler E. Non-disclosure in Irish collegiate student-athletes: do concussion history, knowledge, pressure to play and gender impact concussion reporting? Physician Sports Med. 2020;48(2):186–193.
- Beidler E, Bretzin AC, Hanock C, et al. Sport-related concussion: knowledge and reporting behaviors among collegiate club-sport athletes. J Athl Train. 2018;53(9):866–872.
- Warmath D, Winterstein AP. Reporting skill: the missing ingredient in concussion reporting intention assessment. Sports Health. 2019;11(5):416–424.
- Delaney JS, Lacroix VJ, Leclerc S, et al. Concussions among university football and soccer players. Clin J Sport Med. 2002;12(6):331–338.
- Delaney JS, Lamfookon C, Bloom GA, et al. Why university athletes choose not to reveal their concussion symptoms during a practice or game. Clin J Sport Med. 2015;25(2):113.
- Wayment HA, Huffman AH. The indirect influence of organizational safety climate on football players’ concussion reporting intentions. Health Educ Behav. 2020;47(1):91–100.
- Clark R, Stanfill AG. A systematic review of barriers and facilitators for concussion reporting behavior among student athletes. J Trauma Nurs. 2019;26(6):297–311.
- Register-Mihalik JK, Valovich McLeod TC, Linnan LA, et al. Relationship between concussion history and concussion knowledge, attitudes, and disclosure behavior in high school athletes. Clin J Sport Med. 2017;27(3):321.
- Kerr ZY, Register-Mihalik JK, Marshall SW, et al. Disclosure and non-disclosure of concussion and concussion symptoms in athletes: review and application of the socio-ecological framework. Brain Inj. 2015;28(8):1009–1021.
- Kuhn AW, Zuckerman SL, Yengo-Kahn AM, et al. Factors associated with playing through a sport-related concussion. Neurosurgery. 2017;64(CN_suppl_1):211–216.
- Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. Am Psychol. 2000;55(1):68.
- Deci EL, Ryan RM. Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum; 1985.
- Calvo TG, Cervelló E, Jiménez R, et al. Using self-determination theory to explain sport persistence and dropout in adolescent athletes. Span J Psychol. 2010;13(2):677–684.
- Frederick-Recascino CM, Schuster-Smith H. Competition and intrinsic motivation in physical activity: a comparison of two groups. J Sport Behav. 2003;26(3):240–254.
- Houston JM, Mcintire SA, Kinnie J, et al. A factorial analysis of scales measuring competitiveness. Educ Psychol Meas. 2002;62(2):284–298.
- Gill DL, Deeter TE. Development of the sport orientation questionnaire. Res Q Exercise Sport. 1988;59(3):191–202.
- Gill DL, Dzewaltowski DA. Competitive orientations among intercollegiate athletes: is winning the only thing? Sport Psychol. 1998;2(3):212–221.
- Shehata N, Wiley JP, Richea S, et al. Sport concussion assessment tool: baseline values for varsity collision sport athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2009 15;43(10):730–734.
- Keeler LA. The differences in sport aggression, life aggression, and life assertion among adult male and female collision, contact, and non-contact sport athletes. J Sport Behav. 2007 1;30(1): 57-76.
- Kroshus E, Baugh CM, Daneshvar DH, et al. Concussion reporting intention: a valuable metric for predicting reporting behavior and evaluating concussion education. Clin J Sport Med. 2015;25(3):243–247.
- R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2019. Available from: https://www.R-project.org/
- Cumming G. The new statistics: why and how. Psychol Sci. 2014;25(1):7–29.
- Wallace J, Covassin T, Beidler E. Sex differences in high school athletes’ knowledge of sport-related concussion symptoms and reporting behaviors. J Athl Train. 2017;52(7):682–688.
- Mayr U, Wozniak D, Davidson C, et al. Competitiveness across the life span: the feisty fifties. Psychol Aging. 2012;27(2):278.
- Smither RD, Houston JM. The nature of competitiveness: the development and validation of the competitiveness index. Educ Psychol Meas. 1992;52(2):407–418.
- Deaner RO, Lowen A, Rogers W, et al. Does the sex difference in competitiveness decrease in selective sub-populations? A test with intercollegiate distance runners. PeerJ. 2015;3:e884.
- Findlay LC, Bowker A. The link between competitive sport participation and self-concept in early adolescence: a consideration of gender and sport orientation. J Youth Adolesc. 2009;38(1):29–40.
- Roberts BW, Walton KE, Viechtbauer W. Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychol Bull. 2006;132(1):1.
- Kroshus E, Baugh CM, Stein CJ, et al. Concussion reporting, sex, and conformity to traditional gender norms in young adults. J Adolesc. 2017;54:110–119.
- Taylor ME, Sanner JE. The relationship between concussion knowledge and the high school athlete’s intention to report traumatic brain injury symptoms: a systematic review of the literature. J Sch Nurs. 2017;33(1):73–81.