Qualitative Analysis in Gay Men's Health Research: Comparing Thematic, Critical Discourse, and Conversation Analysis

REFERENCES

• Adam , B. D. , Husbands , W. , Murray , J. and Maxwell , J. 2005 . AIDS optimism, condom fatigue, or self-esteem? Explaining unsafe sex among gay and bisexual men . Journal of Sex Research , 42 : 238 – 248 . doi: 10.1080/00224490509552278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adam , B. D. , Sears , A. and Schellenberg , E. G. 2000 . Accounting for unsafe sex: Interviews with men who have sex with men . Journal of Sex Research , 37 : 24 – 37 . doi: 10.1080/00224490009552017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams , J. , Braun , V. and McCreanor , T. 2004 . “ Framing gay men's health: A critical review of policy documents ” . In Out in the antipodes: Australian and New Zealand perspectives on gay and lesbian issues in psychology , Edited by: Riggs , D. W. and Walker , G. A. 226 – 264 . Perth , , Western Australia : Brightfire Press .
   Google Scholar
• Adams , J. , McCreanor , T. and Braun , V. 2007 . “ Alcohol and gay men: Consumption, promotion and policy responses ” . In Out in psychology: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer perpsectives , Edited by: Clarke , V. and Peel , E. 369 – 390 . West Sussex , , UK : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Adams , J. and Neville , S. 2009 . Men who have sex with men account for nonuse of condoms . Qualitative Health Research , 19 : 1669 – 1677 . doi: 10.1177/1049732309353046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguinaldo , J. P. 2008 . The social construction of gay oppression as a determinant of gay men's health . Critical Public Health , 18 : 87 – 96 . doi: 10.1080/09581590801958255
   Google Scholar
• Aguinaldo , J. P. and Myers , T. 2008 . A discursive approach to disinhibition theory: The normalization of unsafe sex among gay men . Qualitative Health Research , 18 ( 2 ) : 167 – 181 . doi: 10.1177/1049732307311362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguinaldo , J. P. , Myers , T. , Ryder , K. , Haubrich , D. J. and Calzavara , L. 2009 . Accounts of HIV seroconversion among substance-using gay and bisexual men . Qualitative Health Research , 19 : 1395 – 1406 . doi: 10.1177/1049732309348362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson , J. M. and Heritage , J. 1984 . Structures of social action: Studies in conversation analysis , Cambridge , , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Braun , V. and Clarke , V. 2006 . Using thematic analysis in psychology . Qualitative Research in Psychology , 3 : 77 – 101 . doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Bux , D. A. 1996 . The epidemiology of problem drinking in gay men and lesbians: A critical review . Clinical Psychology Review , 16 : 277 – 298 . doi: 10.1016/0272-7358(96)00017-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , M. , Frankis , J. and Flowers , P. 2006 . Uncertainty and ‘technological horizon’ in qualitative interviews about HIV treatment . Health: an Interdsciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine , 10 : 323 – 344 . doi: 10.1177/1363459306064489
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowset , G. W. 2007 . “ Researching gay men's health: The promise of qualitative methodology ” . In The health of sexual minorities: Public health perspectives on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations , Edited by: Meyer , I. H. and Northridge , M. E. 419 – 441 . New York , NY : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Flicker, S. (2004). “Ask me no secrets, I'll tell you no lies”: What happens when a respondent's story makes no sense. The Qualitative Report, 9, 528–537. http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR9-3/flicker.pdf (http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR9-3/flicker.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Gay and Lesbian Medical Association . 2001 . Healthy people 2010: Companion document for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health , San Francisco , CA : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Green , J. and Labonte , R. 2007 . Critical perspectives in public health , New York , NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Greenspan , N. R. , Aguinaldo , J. P. , Husbands , W. , Murray , J. , Ho , P. , Sutdhibhasilp , N. , … and Maharaj , R. 2011 . “It's not rocket science, what I do”: Self directed harm reduction strategies among drug using ethno-racially diverse men who have sex with men . International Journal of Drug Policy , 22 : 56 – 62 . doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2010.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han , C. 2008 . A qualitative exploration of the relationship between racism and unsafe sex among Asian Pacific Islander gay men . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 37 : 827 – 837 . doi: 10.1007/s10508-007-9308-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper , G. W. , Jamil , O. B. and Wilson , B. D. M. 2007 . Collaborative community-based research as activism: Giving voice and hope to Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth . Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy , 11 ( 3–4 ) : 99 – 119 . doi: 10.1300/J236v11n03_06
   Google Scholar
• Heritage , J. 2004 . “ Conversation analysis and institutional talk ” . In Qualitative research: theory, method and practice , Edited by: Silverman , D. 223 – 245 . London , , UK : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Heritage , J. and Watson , D. R. 1979 . “ Formulations as conversational objects ” . In Everyday language: Studies in ethnomethodology , Edited by: Psathas , G. 123 – 162 . New York , NY : Irvington .
   Google Scholar
• Holt , M. and Stephenson , N. 2006 . Living with HIV and negotiating psychological discourse . Health: An interdisciplinary journal for the social study of health, illness and medicine , 10 : 211 – 231 . doi: 10.1177/1363459306061789 1363-4593
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honeychurch, K. G. (1996). Researching dissident subjectivities: Queering the grounds of theory and practice. Harvard Educational Review, 66, 339–355. http://www.hepg.org/main/her/Index.html (http://www.hepg.org/main/her/Index.html)
   Google Scholar
• Jefferson , G. 1978 . “ Sequential aspects of storytelling in conversation ” . In Studies in the organization of conversational interaction , Edited by: Schenkein , J. 219 – 248 . New York , NY : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kitzinger, C. (2000). How to resist an idiom. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 33, 121–154. http://rolsi.lboro.ac.uk/ (http://rolsi.lboro.ac.uk/)
   Google Scholar
• Kitzinger , C. 2004 . “ Feminist approaches ” . In Qualitative research practice , Edited by: Seal , C. , Gobo , G. , Gubrium , J. F. and Silverman , D. 125 – 140 . London , , UK : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Kitzinger, C. (2005a). Heteronormativity in action: Reproducing the heterosexual nuclear family in after-hours medical calls. Social Problems, 52, 477–498. http://ucpressjournals.com/journal.asp?j=sp (http://ucpressjournals.com/journal.asp?j=sp)
   Google Scholar
• Kitzinger , C. 2005b . “Speaking as a heterosexual”: (How) does sexuality matter for talk-in-interaction? . Research on Language and Social Interaction , 38 ( 3 ) : 221 – 265 . doi: 10.1207/s15327973rlsi3803_2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Körner , H. and Treloar , C. 2006 . Representations of people with HIV and hepatitis C in editorials of medical journals: Discourses and interdiscursive relations . Communication & Medicine , 3 : 15 – 25 . doi: 10.1515/CAM.2006.003
   Google Scholar
• Land , V. and Kitzinger , C. 2005 . Speaking as a lesbian: Correcting the heterosexual presumption . Research on Language and Social Interaction , 38 : 371 – 416 . doi: 10.1207/s15327973rlsi3804_1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Land , V. and Kitzinger , C. 2007a . “ Closet talk: The contemporary relevance of the closet in lesbian and gay interaction ” . In Out in psychology: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer perspectives , Edited by: Clarke , V. and Peel , E. 147 – 171 . West Sussex , , UK : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Land , V. and Kitzinger , C. 2007b . Contesting same-sex marriage in talk-in interaction . Feminism & Psychology , 17 : 173 – 183 . doi: 10.1177/0959353507076549
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , R. 2000 . Health care problems of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients . Western Journal of Medicine , 172 : 403 – 408 . doi: 10.1136/ewjm.172.6.403
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lupton , D. 1994 . Moral threats and dangerous desires: AIDS in the news media , London , , UK : Falmer Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lupton , D. 1995 . The imperative of health: Public health and the regulated body , London , , UK : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• McDermott , E. , Roen , K. and Scourfield , J. 2008 . Avoiding shame: young LGBT people, homophobia and self-destructive behaviors . Culture, Health & Sexuality , 10 : 815 – 829 . doi: 10.1080/13691050802380974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McInnes , D. , Bradley , J. and Prestage , G. 2009 . The discourse of gay men's group sex: the importance of masculinity . Culture, Health & Sexuality , 11 : 641 – 654 . doi: 10.1080/13691050902850009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , D. and Fraser , S. 2006 . Putting at risk what we know: Reflecting on the drug-using subject in harm reduction and its political implications . Social Science & Medicine , 62 : 3035 – 3047 . doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, J., & Adam, B. D. (2001). Aging, sexuality, and HIV issues among older gay men. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 10, 75–90. http://www.sieccan.org/ (http://www.sieccan.org/)
   Google Scholar
• Myers , T. , Aggleton , P. and Kippax , S. 2004 . Perspectives on harm reduction: Editorial introduction . Critical Public Health , 14 : 325 – 328 . doi: 10.1080/09581590400027544
   Google Scholar
• Myers , T. , Aguinaldo , J. P. , Dakers , D. , Fischer , B. , Bullock , S. , Millson , P. , & and Calzavara , L. 2004 . How drug using men who have sex with men account for substance use during sexual behaviours: Questioning assumptions of HIV prevention and research . Addiction Research & Theory , 12 : 213 – 229 . doi: 10.1080/16066350310001640161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman , C. , Mao , L. , Canavan , P. G. , Kidd , M. R. , Saltman , D. C. and Kippax , S. C. 2010 . HIV generations? Generational discourse in interviews with Australian general practitioners and their HIV positive gay male patients . Social Science & Medicine , 70 : 1721 – 1727 . doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nightingale , D. J. and Cromby , J. 1999 . Social constructionist psychology: A critical analysis of theory and practice , Buckingham , , UK : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Parker , I. 1992 . Discourse dynamics: Critical analysis for social and individual psychology , New York , NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Peräkylä , A. 1995 . AIDS Counselling: Institutional interaction and clinical practice , Cambridge , , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Poon , M. K. and Ho , P. T. 2008 . Negotiating social stigma among gay Asian men . Sexualities , 11 : 245 – 268 . doi: 10.1177/1363460707085472
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randall , M. and Barroso , J. 2002 . Delayed pursuit of health care among HIV-positive gay men enrolled in a longitudinal research study . Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care , 13 ( 4 ) : 23 – 31 . doi: 10.1016/S1055-3290(06)60368-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reback , C. J. , Larkins , S. and Shoptaw , S. 2004 . Changes in the meaning of sexual risk behaviors among gay and bisexual male methamphetamine abusers before and after drug treatment . AIDS & Behavior , 8 : 87 – 98 . doi: 10.1023/B:AIBE.0000017528.39338.75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ristock , J. L. and Pennell , J. 1996 . Community research as empowerment: Feminist links, postmodern interruptions , New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie , J. , Spencer , L. and O'Connor , W. 2007 . “ Carrying out qualitative analysis ” . In Qualitative research practice , Edited by: Ritchie , J. and Lewis , J. 219 – 262 . London , , UK : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Sacks , H. 1974 . “ An analysis of a joke's telling in conversation ” . In Explorations in the ethnography of speaking , Edited by: Bauman , R. and Sherzer , J. 337 – 353 . Cambridge , , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scarce, M. (2000). The second wave of the gay men's health movement: Medicalization and cooptation as pitfalls of progress. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, 4, 3–4. http://www.springer.com/medicine/internal/journal/10907 (http://www.springer.com/medicine/internal/journal/10907)
   Google Scholar
• Schegloff , E. A. 1982 . “ Discourse as an interactional achievement: Some uses of ‘uh huh’ and other things that come between sentences ” . In Georgetown University roundtable on language and linguistics , Edited by: Tannen , D. 71 – 93 . Washington : Georgetown University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schegloff , E. A. 1987 . Analyzing single episodes of interaction: An exercise in conversation analysis . Social Psychology Quarterly , 50 : 101 – 114 . doi: 10.2307/2786745
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schegloff , E. A. 1992 . “ On talk and its institutional occasions ” . In Talk at work , Edited by: Drew , P. and Heritage , J. 101 – 134 . Cambridge , , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schegloff, E. A. (1996). Confirming allusions: Toward an empirical account of action. American Journal of Sociology, 102, 161–216. http://www.archive.org/details/americanjournal00chicgoog (http://www.archive.org/details/americanjournal00chicgoog)
   Google Scholar
• Schegloff, E. A. (1997). “Narrative analysis” thirty years later. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 7, 97–106. http://www.clarku.edu/~mbamberg/Pages_Journals/journal-narrative.html (http://www.clarku.edu/~mbamberg/Pages_Journals/journal-narrative.html)
   Google Scholar
• Schegloff , E. A. 2007 . Sequence organization in interaction: A primer in conversation analysis , Vol. 1 , Cambridge , , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Silverman , D. 1997 . Discourses of counselling: HIV counselling as social interaction , London , , UK : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Stall , R. , Paul , J. P. , Greenwood , G. , Pollack , L. M. , Bein , E. , Crosby , G. M. , … and Catania , J. A. 2001 . Alcohol use, drug use and alcohol-related problems among men who have sex with men: the Urban Men's Health Study . Addiction , 96 : 1589 – 1601 . doi: 10.1080/09652140120080723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stivers , T. and Hayashi , M. 2010 . Transformative answers: One way to resist a question's constraints . Language in Society , 39 : 1 – 25 . doi: 10.1017/S0047404509990637
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travers, R., & Schneider, M. (1996). Barriers to accessibility for lesbian and gay youth needing addictions services. Youth & Society, 27, 356–378. http://yas.sagepub.com/ (http://yas.sagepub.com/)
   Google Scholar
• Warwick , I. and Aggleton , P. 2002 . “ Gay men's physical and emotional well-being: Re-orienting research and health promotion ” . In Lesbian and gay psychology: New perspectives , Edited by: Coyle , A. and Kitzinger , C. 135 – 153 . Oxford : BPS Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Widdicombe , S. 1995 . “ Identity, politics and talk: A case for the mundane and the everyday ” . In Feminism and discourse: Psychological perspectives , Edited by: Wilkinson , S. and Kitzinger , C. 106 – 127 . London , , UK : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , S. 2000 . Women with breast cancer talking causes: Comparing content, biographical and discursive analyses . Feminism & Psychology , 10 : 431 – 460 . doi: 0959-3535(200011)10:4;431–460;014517
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , S. 2004 . “ Feminist contributions to critical health psychology ” . In Critical health psychology , Edited by: Murray , M. 83 – 100 . London , , UK : Palgrave .
   Google Scholar
• Wooffitt , R. 2005 . Conversation analysis and discourse analysis: A comparative and critical introduction , London , , UK : Sage .
   Google Scholar