References
- Abdesammad, H. (2013, May 17). Position statement on Sexual Orientation Change Efforts (SOCE), Lebanese medical association for sexual health. Retrieved from https://lebmash.wordpress.com/2013/05/17/ps1-en/
- Abdesammad, H. (2013, July 12). Lebanese psychiatric society: Homosexuality is not a disease, Lebanese medical association for sexual health. Retrieved from https://lebmash.wordpress.com/2013/07/12/lps-en/
- Abdesammad, H. (2013, July 18). Third Lebanese medical group to denounce conversion therapy, Lebanese medical association for sexual health. Retrieved from https://lebmash.wordpress.com/2013/07/18/lpa-en/
- Ahmed, M. B. (2006). Homosexuality: An Islamic perspective. Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, 38, 27–33. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/38-1-6275
- Alderson, K. (2001). The concept of positive gay identity. Retrieved from www.times10.org/alderson.htm
- Alhamad, A. M. (2013). 1995—Impact of childhood sexual abuse on adult sexual orientation in a group of Saudi males. European Psychiatry, 28, 1. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(13)76932-3
- Ali, K. (2003). Progressive Muslims and Islamic jurisprudence: The necessity for critical engagement with marriage and divorce laws. In O. Safi (Eds.), Progressive Muslims (p. 179). London, UK: Oneworld Publications.
- Ali, K. (2006). Sexual ethics and Islam: Feminist reflections on Quran Hadith, and jurisprudence. London, UK: Oneworld Publications.
- Ali, K. (2010). Marriage and slavery in early Islam. Harvard University Press.
- Alice! Health Promotion. (1996, May 10). Not all gay men have anal sex. Retrieved from http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex
- Amer, S. (2009). Medieval Arab lesbians and lesbian-like women. Journal of the History of Sexuality, 18, 215–236. doi:10.1353/sex.0.0052
- American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Position statement on therapies focused on attempts to change sexual orientation (reparative or conversion therapies). Retrieved from http://www.psychiatry.org/file%20library/advocacy%20and%20newsroom/position%20statements/ps2000_reparativetherapy.pdf
- American Psychological Association. (2000). Guidelines for psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. American Psychologist, 55, 1440–1451. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.12.1440
- Anton, B. S. (2010). Proceedings of the American Psychological Association for the legislative year 2009: Minutes of the annual meeting of the Council of Representatives and minutes of the meetings of the Board of Directors. American Psychologist, 65, 385–475. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/about/policy/sexual-orientation.pdf
- APA Task Force on Appropriate Therapeutic Responses to Sexual Orientation. (2009). Report of the task force on appropriate therapeutic responses to sexual orientation. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/therapeutic-response.pdf
- Asexual Q&A. (2013, July 3). Does porn really determine your sexual orientation? Retrieved from http://www.asexuality.org/en/topic/89486-does-porn-really-determine-your-sexual-orientation/
- Avert. (n.d.). Men who have sex with Men (MSM) and HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from http://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-social-issues/key-affected-populations/men-sex-men
- Bachmeier, M. (2013, July 17). Hung up with homosexuality. Ask the Counselor. Onislam. Retrieved from http://www.onislam.net/english/ask-the-counselor/sexuality/463395-hung-up-with-homosexuality.html
- Bagley, C., & D’Augelli, A. R. (2000). Suicidal behaviour in gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth. British Medical Journal, 320, 1617–1618. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7250.1617
- Banks, C. (2003, May). The cost of homophobia: Literature review on the human impact of homophobia in Canada. Saskatoon, Canada: Rochon Associated Human Resource Management Consulting. Retrieved from http://www.avenuecommunitycentre.ca/pdf/homophobia_human.pdf
- BBC News. (2008, June 16). Scans see “gay brain differences.” Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7456588.stm
- Benibgui, M. (2011). Mental health challenges and resilience in Lesbian, gay and bisexual young adults: Biological and psychological internalization of minority stress and victimization ( Doctoral thesis). Concordia University, Portland, Oregon.
- Bradford, J., Ryan, C., & Rothblum, E. D. (1994). National Lesbian Health Care Survey: Implications for mental health care. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 228–242. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.62.2.228
- Brooks, V. (1981). Minority stress and lesbian women. Lexington, MA: D.C. Health.
- Bucar, E. M., & Shirazi, F. (2012). The “invention” of lesbian acts in Iran: Interpretative moves, hidden assumptions, and emerging categories of sexuality. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 16, 416–434. doi:10.1080/10894160.2012.681263
- Bux, D. A. (1996). The epidemiology of problem drinking in gay men and lesbians: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 16, 277–298. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(96)00017-7
- Carey, B. (2012, May 18). Psychiatry giant sorry for backing gay “cure.” New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/19/health/dr-robert-l-spitzer-noted-psychiatrist-apologizes-for-study-on-gay-cure.html
- Celibacy, A. M. (1997). Understanding Islam. Retrieved from http://www.understanding-islam.com/q-and-a/social-issues/celibacy
- Cochran, S. D., & Mays, V. M. (1994). Depressive distress among homosexually active African American men and women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 524–529. doi:10.1176/ajp.151.4.524
- Cole, S. W., Kemeny, M. E., Taylor, S. E., & Visscher, B. R. (1996). Elevated physical health risk among gay men who conceal their homosexual identity. Health Psychology, 15, 243–251. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.15.4.243
- Concordia News. (2011, February 2). Physiological impacts of homophobia. Retrieved from http://www.concordia.ca/cunews/main/releases/2011/02/02/physiological-impacts-of-homophobia.html
- D’Augelli, A. R., Hershberger, S., & Pilkington, N. W. (1998). Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth and their families: Disclosure of sexual orientation and its consequences. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68, 361–372. doi:10.1037/h0080345
- Depressedd. (2012, November 20). Reintegrating a homosexual into Islam. Islamic Answers. Retrieved from http://www.zawaj.com/askbilqis/reintegrating-a-homosexual-into-islam/
- DiPlacido, J. (1994). Stress, behavioural risk factors, and physical and psychological health outcomes in lesbians. Paper presented at APA Women’s Health Conference.
- Dobson, J. (2002). Can homosexuality be treated and prevented? Focus on the Family. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/xg7kuj
- Drescher, J. (1999). The therapists’ authority and the patient’s sexuality. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy, 3, 61–80. doi:10.1300/J236v03n02_03
- Eidhamar, L. G. (2014). Is gayness a test from Allah? Typologies in Muslim stances on homosexuality. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 25, 245–266. doi:10.1080/09596410.2013.869882
- Emon, A. (2010). Islamic Natural law theories. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Farley, T. (n.d.). What’s the harm in reparative therapy? What’s the harm? Retrieved from http://whatstheharm.net/reparativetherapy.html
- Fathimath. (2013, July 5). Husband will leave me if I don’t have anal sex. Islamic answers. Retrieved from http://www.zawaj.com/askbilqis/husband-will-leave-me/
- Feraligator619. (2014, November 8). I hate myself for being homosexual. Islamic Answers. Retrieved from http://www.zawaj.com/askbilqis/i-hate-myself-for-being-homosexual/
- Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Beutrais, A. L. (1999). Is sexual orientation related to mental health problems and suicidality in young people? Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 876–880. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.10.876
- Flowers, P., & Buston, K. (2001). “I was terrified of being different”: Exploring gay men’s accounts of growing up in a heterosexist society. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 51–65. doi:10.1006/jado.2000.0362
- Friedman, R. C. 1988. Male homosexuality: A contemporary psychoanalytic perspective. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Gillow, K. E., & Davis, L. L. (1987). Lesbian stress and coping methods. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 25, 28–32.
- Global Health Council. (n.d.). HIV/AIDS At risk groups – other groups. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20110728031548/http://www.globalhealth.org/hiv_aids/risk_groups2/
- Grace, A. P. (2008). The charisma and deception of reparative therapies: When medical science beds religion. Journal of Homosexuality, 55(4), 545–580. doi:10.1080/00918360802421676
- Graham, R. P., Kirscht, J. P., Kessler, R. C., & Graham, S. (1998). Longitudinal study of relapse from AIDS-Preventive behavior among homosexual men. Health Education & Behavior, 25, 625–639. doi:10.1177/109019819802500509
- Greene, B. (1994). Ethnic-minority lesbians and gay men: Mental and health and treatment issues. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 243–251. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.62.2.243
- Habib, S. (2009). Arabo-Islamic texts on female homosexuality, 850–1780 A.D. (pp. 84–85). Youngstown, NY: Teneo Press.
- Hallaq, W. (1999). A history of Islamic legal theories: An introduction to Sunni Usul Al Fiqh. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Harren, J. C. (2004). Educating the public on the causes of homosexuality. In National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality (Ed.), NARTH Annual conference reports. (pp. 73–77). Encino, CA: NARTH.
- Hatterer, L. J. (1970). Changing homosexuality in the male: Treatment for men troubled by homosexuality. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
- Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2011). The social environment and suicide attempts in lesbian, gay and bisexual youth. Pediatrics, 127, 896–903. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-3020
- Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & Keyes, K. M. (2013). Inclusive anti-bullying policies and reduced risk of suicide attempts in lesbian and gay youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53, SS21–6. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.08.010
- Hazm, I. (n.d.). Of the vileness of sinning. Translated by A. J. Arberry, Luzac and Co., Ring of the Dove. London, UK: Luzac & Company Ltd. Retrieved from http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/hazm/dove/ringdove.html#ch28
- Healthy Children. (2008). Gay, lesbian, and bisexual teens: Facts for teens and their parents. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/AAP-LGBT
- Herek, G. M. (1991). Stigma, prejudice, and violence against lesbians and gay men. In J. C. Gonsiorek & J. D. Weinrich (Eds.), Homosexuality: Research implications for public policy (pp. 60–80). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
- Herek, G. M. (n.d.). Facts about homosexuality and child molestation. Retrieved from http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/faculty_sites/rainbow/html/facts_molestation.html
- Herrell, R., Goldberg, J., True, W. R., Ramakrishnan, V., Lyons, M., Eisen, S., & Tsuang, M. T. (1999). Sexual orientation and suicidality. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 56, 867–874. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.10.867
- Hershberger, S., & D’Augelli, A. (1995). The impact of victimization on the mental health and suicidality of lesbian, gay and bisexual youths. Developmental Psychology, 31, 65–74. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.31.1.65
- Human Rights Campaign. (n.d.). The lies and dangers of efforts to change sexual orientation or gender identity. Retrieved from http://www.hrc.org/resources/entry/the-lies-and-dangers-of-reparative-therapy
- Islamweb. (n.d.). Her husband insists on anal sex, Fatwa No: 234367, 8-1-2014. Retrieved from http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=234367
- Jackson, S. (2013, April 18). Islam: Between old fundamentalism, New fundamentalism and modern sincerity. American learning institute for Muslims. Retrieved from http://www.alimprogram.org/articles/islam-between-old-fundamentalism-new-fundamentalism-and-modern-sincerity/
- Jahangir, J. (2012, September 15). Queer Muslims get straight respect. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/junaid-jahangir/muslim-homophobia_b_1882244.html
- Jahangir, J. (2013, March 13). Why all Muslims are talking about queer sexuality. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/junaid-jahangir/queer-muslims_b_2855300.html?
- Jahangir, J. (2013, March 28). Can Pamela Geller work with straight and queer Muslims? Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/junaid-jahangir/can-pamela-geller-work-wi_b_2958190.html?
- Juma, A. B. (n.d.). Tafsir Nur ul Saqlain (Vol. 4, pp. 353).
- Just the Facts Coalition. (2008). Just the facts about sexual orientation and youth: A primer for principals, educators and school personnel. Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/just-the-facts.pdf
- Kamal, T. A. (2004). Mawsooaat Hadeeth CD version 2.5 (Vol. 20, pp. 280–290). Amman, Jordan: Turath Publication and Vol. 22, pp. 164–168.
- Kamali, M. H. (2005a). The Sharia, law as the way of God. In V. J. Cornell (Ed.), Voices of Islam (5 vols.), Vol. I: Voices of tradition (pp. 149–183). Wesport, CT: Praeger.
- Kamali, M. H. (2005b). Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (3rd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Islamic Texts Society.
- Kamali, M. H. (n.d.). Human dignity in Islam, International institute of advanced Islamic Studies. Retrieved from http://www.iais.org.my/e/index.php/publications-sp-1447159098/articles/item/36-human-dignity-in-islam.html
- Kamali, M. H. (2011, August 11). Transgenders and justice in Islam. New Straits Times. Retrieved from http://www.iais.org.my/e/index.php/publications-sp-1447159098/articles/item/81-transgenders-and-justice-in-islam.html
- Katy. (2009). The problem with the belief that child sexual abuse causes homosexuality/bisexuality. Pandora’s Project. Retrieved from http://www.pandys.org/articles/abuseandhomosexuality.html
- Kehoe, M. (1990). Loneliness and the aging homosexual: Is pet therapy an answer? Journal of Homosexuality, 20, 137–142. doi:10.1300/J082v20n03_09
- Kertenkale. (2015, March 1). It’s haraam, but I can’t help it. Islamic Answers. Retrieved from http://www.zawaj.com/askbilqis/its-haraam-but-i-cant-help-it/
- Kesvani, H. (2015, April 18). Meet the gay Muslims living in straight Marriages. BuzzFeed. Retrieved from http://www.buzzfeed.com/husseinkesvani/gay-muslims-in-straight-marriages
- Khalik, A. (2008, March 28). Islam “recognizes homosexuality.” Retrieved from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/03/27/islam-039recognizes-homosexuality039.html
- King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D., & Nazareth, I. (2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self-harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 70. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-8-70
- Kort, J. (2014, July 25). Gay for pay: Straight men having gay sex for money. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/joe-kort-phd/gay-for-pay-straight-men-having-gay-sex-for-money_b_5613620.html
- Krauss, A. L. (2010, December 30). Attracted to homosexuality. Ask the imam. Muslims of Calgary. Retrieved from http://www.muslimsofcalgary.ca/data.php?s=6&action=5&id=1709
- Kugle, S. (2003). Sexuality, diversity, and ethics in the agenda of progressive Muslims. In O. Safi (Ed.), Progressive Muslims: On justice, gender and pluralism. London, UK: Oneworld Publications.
- Kugle, S. (2010). Homosexuality in Islam: Islamic reflection on gay, lesbian, and transgender Muslims. London, UK: Oneworld Publications.
- Kutty, A. (2015, January 24). How to give up homosexuality. Onislam. Retrieved from http://www.onislam.net/english/ask-the-scholar/morals-and-manners/morals-and-values/169454.html
- Labi, N. (2007, May). The kingdom in the closet. Atlantic Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2007/05/the-kingdom-in-the-closet/5774/
- Lange, C. (2008). Justice, punishment and the medieval Muslim imagination. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Lankarani, M. F. (n.d.). Anal intercourse. Official website. Retrieved from http://www.lankarani.com/eng/faq/a.php
- Larson, D., & Chastain, R. (1990). Self-concealment: Conceptualization, measurement, and health implications. Journal of Social Clinical Psychology, 9, 439–455. doi:10.1521/jscp.1990.9.4.439
- Lebanese Medical Association for Sexual Health (LebMASH). (2013, March 17). Position statement on Sexual Orientation Change Efforts (SOCE). Retrieved from http://lebmash.wordpress.com/2013/05/17/ps1-en/
- Leserman, J., Petitto, J. M., Golden, R. N., Gaynes, B. N., Hongbin, G., Perkins, D. O. … Evans, D. L. (2000). Impact of stressful life events, depression, social support, coping, and cortisol on progression to AIDS. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1221–1228. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.8.1221
- Malik7, (2012, November 13). Getting over homosexuality. Islamic Answers. Retrieved from http://www.zawaj.com/askbilqis/getting-over-homosexuality/
- Mathy, R. M. (2002). Homosexual related legislation does not reduce suicidal intent in sexual minority groups. British Medical Journal, 325, 1176.
- Mays, V. M., & Cochran, S. D. (2001). Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 1869–1876.
- McGregor, B. A., Carver, C. S., Antoni, M. H., Weiss, S., Yount, S. E., & Ironson, G. (2001). Distress and internalized homophobia among lesbian women treated for early stage cancer. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 25, 1–9.
- Menyawi, H. E. (2012). Same-sex marriage in Islamic law. Wake Forest Journal of Law and Policy, 2, 375–531.
- Meyer, I. H., & Dean, L. (1996). Internalized homophobia, intimacy, and sexual behaviour among gay and bisexual men. In Stigma and sexual orientation (pp. 160–186).
- Morrow, D. F. (1993). Social work with gay and lesbian adolescents. Social Work, 38, 655–660.
- Munajjid, M. S. (n.d.). Why does Islam forbid lesbianism and homosexuality? Fatwa No. 10050, Islam QA Website. Retrieved from http://www.islamqa.com/en/ref/10050
- Muslims of Calgary, Homosexual and Afraid to get married. (2011, May 3). Ask the imam. Muslims of Calgary. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.muslimsofcalgary.ca/data.php?s=6&action=5&id=1840
- Najmabadi, A. (2008). Types, acts or what? Regulation of sexuality in nineteenth century Iran. In K. Babayan & A. Najmabadi (Eds.), Islamicate sexualities. Harvard University Center for Middle Eastern Studies.
- O’Hanlan, K. (1995). Lesbian health and homophobia: Perspectives for the treating obstetrician/gynecologist. Current Problems in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 18, 97–133.
- O’Hanlan, K., Lock, J., Robertson, P., Cabaj, R. P., Schatz, B., & Nemrow, P. (1996). Homophobia as a health hazard: Report of the gay and lesbian medical association. 1–31. Retrieved from www.ohanlan.com/phobiahzd.htm
- Ostrow, D. G. (2000). The role of drugs in the sexual lives of men who have sex with men: Continuing barriers to researching this question. AIDS and Sexual Behavior, 4, 205–219.
- Peersman, G., Sogolow, E., & Harden, A. (2000). Interventions for preventing HIV infection in young people (Protocol for a Cochrane Review). In The Cochrane library (Vol. 4). Oxford: Update Software.
- Qadhi, Y. (2009, April 13). Dealing with homosexual urges: Yasir Qadhi to a student. Sex and the Ummah. Muslim matters. Retrieved from http://muslimmatters.org/2009/04/13/dealing-with-homosexual-urges/
- Qur’an. Shakir’s translation. Verse 26:165–166. (n.d.). The Noble Qur’an. Retrieved from http://quran.com/26/165-166
- Qur’an. Shakir’s translation. Verse 7:81. (n.d.). The Noble Qur’an. Retrieved from http://quran.com/7/81
- Razi. Tafsir Razi, verses 7:81 and 24:2. (n.d.). Amman, Jordan: al-Bayt foundation.
- Remafedi, G. (1999). Suicide and sexual orientation: Nearing the end of controversy? Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 885–886.
- Remafedi, G., French, S., Story, M., Resnick, M., & Blum, R. (1998). The relationship between suicide risk and sexual orientation: Results of population-based study. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 57–60.
- Rivers, I. (2000). School exclusion, absenteeism, and sexual minority youth. Support for Learning: British Journal of Learning Support, 15, 13–18.
- Roberts, S. J., & Sorensen, L. (1995). Lesbian health care: A review and recommendations for health promotion in primary care settings. Nurse Practitioner, 20, 42–47.
- Robinson, B. A. (2002). An analysis of Dr. Spitzer’s 2001 study into whether adults can change their sexual orientation. Kingston, Ontario: Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. Retrieved from http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_spit2.htm
- Robinson, B. A. (2006). Reparative therapy: Statements by professional associations and their leaders. Kingston, Ontario: Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. Retrieved from http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_expr.htm
- Rosenberg, S. D., Trumbetta, S. L., Muesser, K. T., Goodman, L. A., Osher, F. C., Vidaver, R. M., & Metzger, D. S. (2001). Determinants of risk behavior for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in people with severe mental illness. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 42, 263–271.
- Rosenthal, F. (1978). Ar-Razi on the hidden illness. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 52, 45–60.
- Ross, M. W. (1978). The relationship of perceived societal hostility, conformity, and psychological adjustment in homosexual males. Journal of Homosexuality, 4, 157–168.
- Ross, M. W., Paulsen, J. A., & Stalstrom, O. W. (1988). Homosexuality and mental health: A cross cultural review. Homosexuality and Mental Health, 15, 131–152.
- Rouayheb, K. E. (2005). Before homosexuality in the Arab-Islamic world, 1500–1800 (p. 114). University of Chicago Press.
- Rowson, E. (1991). The categorization of gender and sexual irregularity in medieval Arabic vice lists. In J. Epstein & K. Straub (Eds.), Body guards: The cultural politics of gender ambiguity (p. 68). New York, NY: Routledge.
- Rudolph, J. (1988). Counselors’ attitudes toward homosexuality: A selective review of the literature. Journal of Counseling and Development, 67, 165–168.
- Rudolph, J. (1989). Effects of a workshop on mental health practitioners’ attitudes toward homosexuality and counseling effectiveness. Journal of Counseling and Development, 68, 81–85.
- Safi, O. (2013, March 27). Why I support same-sex marriage: A religious argument in solidarity, What would Muhammad do? Religion News Service. Retrieved from http://omidsafi.religionnews.com/2013/03/27/why-i-support-same-sex-marriage-a-religious-argument-in-solidarity/
- Salmah123. (2014, October 21). OCD about my sexuality is driving me mad! Islamic Answers. Retrieved from http://www.zawaj.com/askbilqis/ocd-about-my-sexuality-is-driving-me-mad/
- Savin-Williams, R. C. (1994). Verbal and physical abuse as stressors in the lives of lesbian, gay male, and bisexual youths: Associations with school problems, running away, substance abuse, prostitution and suicide. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 261–269.
- Sewell, M. C., Goggin, K. J., Rabkin, J. G., Ferrando, S. J., McElhiney, M. C., & Evans, S. (2000). Anxiety syndromes and symptoms among men with AIDS: A longitudinal controlled study. Psychosomatics, 41, 294–300.
- Shinqiti, M. M. (2008, June 13). Should beheading be the penalty for homosexuals. Retrieved from http://www.bt.com.bn/friday_special/2008/06/13/should_beheading_be_the_penalty_for_homosexuals
- Siraj, A. (2009). The construction of the homosexual “other” by British Muslim heterosexuals. Contemporary Islam, 3, 41–57.
- Siraj, A. (2012). “I don’t want to taint the name of Islam”: The influence of religion on the lives of Muslim lesbians. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 16, 449–467.
- Spitzer, R. L. (2003). Can some gay men and lesbians change their sexual orientation? 200 participants reporting a change from homosexual to heterosexual orientation. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 32, 403–417.
- Suicide Prevention Resource Center. (2008). Suicide risk and prevention for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Newton, MA: Education Development Center, Inc. Retrieved from http://www.sprc.org/library/SPRC_LGBT_Youth.pdf
- Taymiyyah, I. (n.d.).Tafsir Ibn Taymiyyah. In Tafsir of Surah Nur., Majmoo Fatawwa. Retrieved from http://ibntaimiah.al-islam.com
- Ungvarski, P. J., & Grossman, A. H. (1999). Health problems of gay and bisexual men. Nursing Clinics of North America, 34, 313–331.
- Waldo, C. R. (1999). Working in a majority context: A structural model of heterosexism as minority stress in the workplace. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 218–232.
- Wayment, H. A., & Peplau, L. A. (1995). Social support and well-being among lesbian and heterosexual women: A structural modeling approach. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1189–1199.
- Williamson, I. R. (2000). Internalized homophobia and health issues affecting lesbians and gay men. Health Education Research, 15, 97–107.
- Wilson, G. D., & Rahman, Q. (2005). Born gay: The psychobiology of sex orientation. London, UK: Peter Owen.
- Zakiyyah, U. (2014, January 19). Muslim girls don’t want sex? Onislam. Retrieved from http://www.onislam.net/english/family/your-society/468227-muslim-girls-dont-want-sex-.html
- Zeevi, D. (2006). Producing desire: Changing sexual discourse in the Ottoman Middle East, 1500–1900 (p. 38). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
- Ziebold, T. O., & Mongeon, J. E. (1982). Introduction: Alcoholism and homosexual community. In T. O. Ziebold & J. E. Mongeon (Eds.), Alcoholism and homosexuality (pp. 3–7). New York, NY: Haworth.