References
- Abrams, S. (2018, March 2). The persistent trouble with movie ratings. Vanityfair.com. Retrieved from https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/03/movie-ratings-mpaa-donald-trump
- Allport, G. W. (1954/1979). The nature of prejudice. New York, NY: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
- Anderssen, N. (2002). Does contact with lesbians and gays lead to friendlier attitudes? A two year longitudinal atudy. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 12, 124–136. doi:10.1002/casp.665
- AwAiSThEPhEnOm (pseud.). (2012, July 25). Best teenage comedies of all time. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved from http://www.imdb.com/list/ls009988118/
- Bassett, R. L., Van Nikkelen-Kuyper, M., Johnson, D., Miller, A., Carter, A., & Grimm, J. P. (2005). Being a good neighbor: Can students come to value homosexual persons? Journal of Psychology and Theology, 33(1), 17–26. doi:10.1177/009164710503300102
- Berry, G. L. (2000). Multicultural media portrayals and the changing demographic landscape: The psychosocial impact of television representations on the adolescent of color. Journal of Adolescent Health, 27(2), 57–60.
- Bond, B. J. (2014). Sex and sexuality in entertainment media popular with lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents. Mass Communication and Society, 17, 98–120. doi:10.1080/15205436.2013.816739
- Bond, B. J., Hefner, V., & Drogos, K. L. (2009). Information-seeking practices during the sexual development of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals: The influence and effects of coming out in a mediated environment. Sexuality & Culture, 13, 32–50. doi:10.1007/s12119-008-9041-y
- Brophy, S. (1999, August 19). Boston critics take on movie rating system. Bay Windows.
- Brownworth, V. A. (1991). Blockbuster censorship. Outweek, 86, 61–62.
- Clamen, S. M. (2010). Cinema’s 55 best teen movies. Movie Review Query Engine. Retrieved from http://www.mrqe.com/lists/teen-movies/cinemas-55-best-teen-movies
- Couvares, F. G. (1996). Movie censorship and American culture (2nd ed.). Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.
- Coyle, J. (2016, February 22). Study finds a ‘whitewashed’ Hollywood. Associated Press. Retrieved from http://www.tvnewscheck.com/article/92475/study-finds-a-whitewashed-hollywood?utm_source=Listrak&utm_medium=Email&utm_term=Study+Finds+A+%27Whitewashed%27+Hollywood&utm_campaign=Raycom%2c+Scripps+Partner+On+Programming
- Craig, S. L., & McInroy, L. (2014). You can form a part of yourself online: The influence of new media on identity development and coming out for LGBTQ youth. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Mental Health, 18(1), 95–109. doi:10.1080/19359705.2013.777007
- Craig, S. L., McInroy, L., McCready, L. T., & Alaggia, R. (2015). Media: A catalyst for resilience in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer youth. Journal of LGBT Youth, 12:3, 254–275. doi:10.1080/19361653.2015.1040193
- DanDud88 (pseud.). (2007, June 22). List of teen films. Wikipedia.org. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_teen_films
- Delucchi, K. L. (1983). The use and misuse of chi-square: Lewis and Burke revisited. Psychological Bulletin, 94(1), 166–176. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.94.1.166
- Doherty, T. (1999). Pre-code hollywood: Sex, immorality, and insurrection in American Cinema, 1930-1934. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
- Ernst, M. L., & Lorentz, P. (1930). Censored: The private life of the movies. New York, NY: Jonathan Cape and Harrison Smith.
- Fejes, F., & Petrich, K. (1993). Invisibility, homophobia, and heterosexism: Lesbians, gays, and the media. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 10, 396–422.
- Fifty best teen movies. (n.d.). gamesradar.com. Retrieved from http://www.gamesradar.com/50-best-teen-movies/
- Gerbner, G., & Gross, L. (1976). Living with television. Journal of Communication, 26(2), 172–199. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1976.tb01397.x
- Gross, L. (2001). Up from invisibility: Lesbians, gay men, and the media in America. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
- Halbfinger, D. M. (2007, April 26). Jack Valenti, confidant of Presidents and stars, dies at 85. New York Times.
- Herek, G. M. (1984). Beyond “homophobia”: A social psychological perspective on attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Journal of Homosexuality, 10(1/2), 2–17.
- Herek, G. M. (1988, November). Heterosexuals’ attitudes towards lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences. The Journal of Sex Research, 25(4), 451–477. doi:10.1080/00224498809551476
- Herek, G. M. (2000). The psychology of sexual prejudice. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(1), 19–22. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00051
- Herek, G. M., & Capitanio, J. P. (1996). ‘Some of my best friends’: Intergroup contact, concealable stigma, and heterosexuals’ attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 412–424. doi:10.1177/0146167296224007
- Herek, G. M., & Glunt, E. K. (1993, August). Interpersonal contact and heterosexuals’ attitudes toward gay men: Results from a national survey. The Journal of Sex Research, 30(3), 239–244. doi:10.1080/00224499309551707
- Hollywood’s double standard. (1997, November 11). Advocate. p. 22.
- Humphrey, A. (2009, December 16). The lost generation: A decade of teen movies. filmschoolrejects.com. Retrieved from https://filmschoolrejects.com/?s=decade+of+teen+movies
- Indiana Youth Group. (2012). Good LGBT films. Retrieved from http://www.indianayouthgroup.org/good-films
- Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson. (1952). 343 U.S. 495.
- Kanghuitari (pseud.). (2013, April 26). American teen LGBT-related films. Wikipedia.org. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_teen_LGBT-related_films
- Kramer, G. M. (2006, September 14). This film is not yet rated. San Francisco Bay Times, p. 18.
- Lambe, S. (2015, June 19). “Dope” & the 13 best teen films since “Mean Girls.” ETOnline. Retrieved from http://www.etonline.com/news/166479_dope_and_instant_classic_teen_films_of_the_past_10_years/
- Larson, R. W. (1995). Secrets in the bedroom: Adolescents’ private use of media. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24(5), 535–550. doi:10.1007/BF01537055
- Lewis, D., & Burke, C. J. (1949). The use and misuse of the chi-square test. Psychological Bulletin, 46, 433–489.
- Lugowski, D. M. (1999). Queering the (New) Deal: Lesbian and gay representation and the Depression-era cultural politics of Hollywood’s Production Code. Cinema Journal, 38(2), 3–35.
- Maltby, R. (1993). The production code and the hays office. In T. Balio (Ed.), Grand design: Hollywood as a modern business industry, 1930-39 (pp. 37–72). New York, NY: Scribner’s.
- Mutual Film Corporation v. Industrial Commission of Ohio. (1915). 236 U.S. 230.
- Noah, T. (2011, February 24). The 7 percent solution: A recent study proves MPAA ratings really are biased against independent films. The Wrap. Retrieved February 20, 2016, from http://www.slate.com/articles/business/the_customer/2011/02/the_7_percent_solution.html
- Recommended Movies for LGBTQ Youth. (2007). GSA network. Retrieved from https://gsanetwork.org/files/resources/Movies.pdf
- Russo, V. (1987). The celluloid closet. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
- Samanthalava4 (pseud.). (2015, January 19). Best gay themed teen, college movies/college kids and teens would like. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved from http://www.imdb.com/list/ls058957415/
- Savin-Williams, R. C. (1995). Lesbian, gay male, and bisexual adolescents. In A. R. D’Augelli & C. J. Patterson (Eds.), Lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities over the lifespan (pp. 165–189). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Savin-Williams, R. C., & Diamond, L. M. (2004). Sex. In R. M. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (pp. 189–231). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
- Siiri (pseud.). (2013, November 28). Best teen gay movies. Listal.com. Retrieved from http://www.listal.com/list/best-teen-gay-movies-4329
- Span, S. A., & Vidal, L. A. (2003). Cross-cultural differences in female university students’ attitudes toward homosexuals: A preliminary study. Psychological Reports, 92, 565–572. doi:10.2466/pr0.2003.92.2.565
- Steele, J. R., & Brown, J. D. (1995). Adolescent room culture: Studying media in the context of everyday life. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24(5), 551–576. doi:10.1007/BF01537056
- Steffens, M. C., & Wagner, C. (2004, May). Attitudes towards lesbians, gay men, bisexual women, and bisexual men in Germany. The Journal of Sex Research, 41(2), 137–149. doi:10.1080/00224490409552222
- Top 10 teen movies. (2013, November 1). The Guardian.com. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2013/nov/01/top-10-teen-movies
- United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., et al. (1948). 334 U.S. 131.
- Waguespack, D. M., & Sorenson, O. (2011). The ratings game: Asymmetry in classification. Organization Science, 22(3), 541. doi:10.1287/orsc.1100.0533
- Waldo, C. R., & Kemp, J. L. (1997). Should I come out to my students? An empirical investigation. Journal of Homosexuality, 34, 79–94.
- Wells, J. W., & Franken, M. L. (1987). University students’ knowledge about and attitudes toward homosexuality. Journal of Humanistic Education and Development, 26, 81–95. doi:10.1002/j.2164-4683.1987.tb00316.x
- Wolfe Video and Campus Pride LGBT Youth Movie Guide. (2013, June 18). Campus pride. Retrieved from http://www.campuspride.org/resources/2013wolfevideoguide/
- Youth Friendly LGBTQ Movie List. (2014). URPride centre for sexuality & gender diversity. Retrieved from http://www.urpride.ca/programs/reginas-queer-youth-group/youth-friendly-lgbtq-movie-list