“Male Hair Cannot Extend Below Plane of the Shoulder” and “No Cross Dressing”: Critical Queer Analysis of High School Dress Codes in the United States

References

• Arnett, J. J. (2007). Adolescence and emerging adulthood: A cultural approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Babbie, E. (2013). The practice of social research (13th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar
• Bedard, K. K., & Marks, A. K. (2010). Current psychological perspectives on adolescent lesbian identity development. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 14(1), 16–25. doi:10.1080/10894160903058857
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bilodeau, B. (2005). Beyond the gender binary: A case study of two transgender students at a Midwestern Research University. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Issues in Education, 3(1), 29–44. doi:10.1300/J367v03n01_05
   Google Scholar
• Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Brockenbrough, E., & Boatwright., T. (2013). In the MAC: Creating safe spaces for transgender youth of color. In K. Jocson (Ed.), Cultural transformations: Youth and pedagogies of possibility (pp. 165–182). Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bucchianeri, M. M., Gower, A. L., McMorris, B. J., & Eisenberg, M. E. (2016). Youth experiences with multiple types of prejudice-based harassment. Journal of Adolescence, 51, 68–75. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.05.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, B. B., Hagai, E. B., & Zurbriggen, E. L. (2017). Queering Bem: Theoretical intersections between Sandra Bem’s scholarship and queer theory. Sex Roles, 76(11–12), 655–668. doi:10.1007/s11199-015-0546-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castle, G. (2007). The Blackwell guide to literary theory. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Cosbey, S. (2008). Something borrowed: Masculine style in women’s fashion. In A. Reilly & S. Cosbey (Eds.), Men’s fashion reader (pp. 18–32). New York, NY: Fairchild Books.
   Google Scholar
• Cox, N., Dewaele, A., van Houtte, M., & Vincke, J. (2011). Stress-related growth, coming out, and internalized homonegativity in lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. An examination of stress-related growth within the minority stress model. Journal of Homosexuality, 58(1), 117–137. doi:10.1080/00918369.2011.533631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Augelli, A. R. (1994). Identity development and sexual orientation: Toward a model of lesbian, gay, and bisexual development. In E. J. Trickett, R. J. Watts, & D. Birman (Eds.), Human diversity: Perspectives on people in context (pp. 312–333). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• D’Augelli, A. R. (1996). Lesbian, gay and bisexual development during adolescence and young adulthood. In R. P. Cajab & T. S. Stein (Eds.), Textbook of homosexuality and mental health (pp. 267–288). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
   Google Scholar
• Damhorst, M. L. (1985). Meanings of clothing cues in social context. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 3(2), 39–48. doi:10.1177/0887302X8500300207
   Google Scholar
• Davis, F. (1985). Clothing and fashion as communication. In M. R. Solomon (Ed.), The psychology of fashion (pp. 15–27). Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, H. F. (2017). Beyond trans: Does gender matter? New York, NY: NYU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Eliason, M. J. (1996). Identity formation for lesbian, bisexual and gay persons: Beyond a “minoritizing” view. Journal of Homosexuality, 30(3), 31–58. doi:10.1300/J082v30n03_03
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Entwistle, J. (2000). The fashioned body: Fashion, dress and modern social theory. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Essex, N. L. (2001). School uniforms: Guidelines for principals. Principal, 80(3), 38–39.
   Google Scholar
• Freeburg, E. W., Workman, J. E., & Lentz-Hees, E. S. (2004). Rationale for student dress codes. A review of school handbooks. Journal of Family & Consumer Sciences, 96(1), 77–82.
   Google Scholar
• Glickman, D. J. (2016). Fashioning children: Gender restrictive dress codes as entry point for the trans school to prison pipeline. American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law, 24(2), 264–284.
   Google Scholar
• Herbon, B., & Workman, J. E. (2000). Dress and appearance codes in public secondary school handbooks. Journal of Family & Consumer Sciences, 92(5), 68–76.
   Google Scholar
• Hethorn, J., & Kaiser, S. (1998). Youth style: Articulating cultural anxiety. Visual Sociology, 14(1), 109–125. doi:10.1080/14725869908583805
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, J. (2009, November 6). Can a boy wear a skirt to school? New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/08/fashion/08cross.html
   Google Scholar
• Ingrey, J. C. (2012). The public school washroom as analytic space for troubling gender: Investigating the spatiality of gender through students’ self-knowledge. Gender and Education, 24(7), 799–817. doi:10.1080/09540253.2012.721537
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iowa State University Center for LGBTQIA+ Student Success. (2018). Resources. Retrieved from https://center.dso.iastate.edu/resources
   Google Scholar
• Jagose, A. (1996). Queer theory: An introduction. New York, NY: Melbourne University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser, S. B. (1997). The social psychology of clothing: Symbolic appearances in context (2nd ed., rev.). New York, NY: Fairchild.
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser, S. B. (2001). Minding appearances: Style, truth, subjectivity. In J. B. Eicher & E. Wilson (Eds.), Body dressing (pp. 79–102). London, UK: Berg.
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser, S. B. (2012). Fashion and cultural studies. London, UK: Berg.
   Google Scholar
• Keefer, B. P., & Reene, K. (2002). Female adolescence: Difficult for heterosexual girls, hazardous for lesbians. The Annual of Psychoanalysis, 30, 245–252.
   Google Scholar
• Keenan, H. (2017). Unscripting curriculum: Toward a critical trans pedagogy. Harvard Educational Review, 87(4), 538–556. doi:10.17763/1943-5045-87.4.538
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosciw, J. G., Greytak, E. A., Zongrone, A. D., Clark, C. M., & Truong, N. L. (2018). The 2017 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer youth in our nation’s schools. New York, NY: GLSEN.
   Google Scholar
• Krippendorff, K. (2013). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Marquez, R., & Brockenbrough, E. (2013). Queer youth v. the State of California: Interrogating legal discourses on the rights of queer students of color. Curriculum Inquiry, 43(4), 461–482. doi:10.1111/curi.12021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meem, D. T., Gibson, M. A., & Alexander, J. F. (2010). Finding out: An introduction to LGBT studies. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, E. J., & Keenan, H. (2018). Can policies help schools affirm gender diversity? A policy archaeology of transgender-inclusive policies in California schools. Gender and Education, 30(6), 736–753. doi:10.1080/09540253.2018.1483490
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• NYU LGBTQ Student Center. (n.d.). LGBTQ terminology. Retrieved from https://www.nyu.edu/students/communities-and-groups/student-diversity/lesbian-gay-bisexual-transgender-and-queer-student-center/glossary-of-important-lgbt-terms.html
   Google Scholar
• Office of Adolescent Health. (n.d.). The changing face of America’s adolescents. Retrieved from https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/facts-and-stats/changing-face-of-americas-adolescents/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Paoletti, J. B., & Kidwell, C. (2011). Men and women: Dressing the part. In L. Welters & A. Lillethun (Eds.), The fashion reader (pp. 202–204). Oxford, UK: Berg.
   Google Scholar
• Reddy-Best, K. L., & Pedersen, E. L. (2015). The relationship of gender expression, sexual identity, distress, appearance, and clothing choices for queer women. International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology, and Education, 8(1), 54–65. doi:10.1080/17543266.2014.958576
   Google Scholar
• Sedgwick, E. K. (1990). Epistemology of the closet. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sorto, G. (2016, February 25). Student protests growing over gender-equal dress codes. CNN. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/25/living/dress-code-protests-irpt/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Spade, D. (2011). Normal life: Administrative violence, critical trans politics, and the limits of law. Cambridge, MA: South End Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stone, G. P. (1962). Appearance and the self. In A. M. Arnold (Ed.), Human behavior and the social processes: An interactionist approach (pp. 86–116). New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, N. (2003). A critical introduction to queer theory. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• United States Census Bureau. (2010). 2010 census urban and rural classification and urban area criteria. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/ua/urban-rural-2010.html
   Google Scholar
• Workman, J. E., & Freeburg, B. W. (2006). Safety and security in a school environment: The role of dress code policies. Journal of Family & Consumer Sciences, 98(2), 19–24.
   Google Scholar
• Workman, J. E., & Freeburg, B. W. (2010). Teacher dress codes in employee handbooks: An analysis. Journal of Family & Consumer Sciences, 102(3), 9–15.
   Google Scholar
• Workman, J. E., Freeburg, E. W., & Lentz-Hees, E. S. (2004). Sanctions connected to dress code violations in secondary school handbooks. Journal of Family & Consumer Sciences, 96(4), 40–46.
   Google Scholar