392
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Are Medical Students More Prejudiced? Comparison of University Students’ Attitudes Towards Sexual Minorities by Faculties and Cultural background: A Study From Hungary

, MDORCID Icon, , MScORCID Icon, , MScORCID Icon & , MDORCID Icon

References

  • Arnold, O., Voracek, M., Musalek, M., & Springer-Kremser, M. (2004). Austrian medical students’ attitudes towards male and female homosexuality: A comparative survey. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 116(21–22), 730–736. doi:10.1007/s00508-004-0261-3
  • Banwari, G., Mistry, K., Soni, A., Parikh, N., & Gandhi, H. (2015). Medical students and interns′ knowledge about and attitude towards homosexuality. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 61(2), 95. doi:10.4103/0022-3859.153103
  • Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000). Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures: Spine, 25(24), 3186–3191. doi:10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014
  • Benson, P. L., & Vincent, S. (1980). Development and Validation of the Sexist Attitudes Toward Women Scale (SATWS). Psychology of Women Quarterly, 5(2), 276–291. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1980.tb00962.x
  • Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 46(1), 5–34. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01087.x
  • Bhugra, D. (2014). Medicine’s contract with society. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 107(4), 144–147. doi:10.1177/0141076814525068
  • Bonvicini, K. A., & Perlin, M. J. (2003). The same but different: Clinician–patient communication with gay and lesbian patients. Patient Education and Counseling, 51(2), 115–122. doi:10.1016/S0738-3991(02)00189-1
  • Burke, S. E., Dovidio, J. F., Przedworski, J. M., Hardeman, R. R., Perry, S. P., Phelan, S. M., … van Ryn, M. (2015). Do contact and empathy mitigate bias against gay and lesbian people among heterosexual first-year medical students? A report from the medical student CHANGE study. Academic Medicine, 90(5), 645–651. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000000661
  • Catania, J. A., Gibson, D. R., Chitwood, D. D., & Coates, T. J. (1990). Methodological problems in AIDS behavioral research: Influences on measurement error and participation bias in studies of sexual behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 339–362. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.339
  • Chapman, E. N., Kaatz, A., & Carnes, M. (2013). Physicians and implicit bias: How doctors may unwittingly perpetuate health care disparities. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 28(11), 1504–1510. doi:10.1007/s11606-013-2441-1
  • Cooper, L. A., Roter, D. L., Carson, K. A., Beach, M. C., Sabin, J. A., Greenwald, A. G., & Inui, T. S. (2012). The associations of clinicians’ implicit attitudes about race with medical visit communication and patient ratings of interpersonal care. American Journal of Public Health, 102(5), 979–987. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300558
  • Country Ranking | Rainbow Europe. (2020). Rainbow Europe. Retrieved from https://rainbow-europe.org/country-ranking
  • Cruess, S. R. (2006). Professionalism and medicine’s social contract with society. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 449, 170–176. doi:10.1097/01.blo.0000229275.66570.97
  • Dorsen, C. (2012). An integrative review of nurse attitudes towards lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients. The Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Revue Canadienne de Recherche En Sciences Infirmieres, 44(3), 18–43.
  • Dunjić-Kostić, B., Pantović, M., Vuković, V., Randjelović, D., Totić-Poznanović, S., Damjanović, A., … Ivković, M. (2012). Knowledge: A possible tool in shaping medical professionals’ attitudes towards homosexuality. Psychiatria Danubina, 24(2), 143–151.
  • Eaton, R. M. (2017). Hierarchy in the medical field. Honors Projects. 603. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/honorsprojects/603/
  • Faix-Prukner, & Rózsa. (2015). A leszbikus, meleg és biszexuális emberek tapasztalatai az egészségügyben Magyarországon, Kutatási beszámoló. ILGA-Europe Documentation and Advocacy Fund. https://www.ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/Attachments/hungary_-_hatter_0.pdf
  • Foucault, M. (1996). The history of sexuality: Vol. I:. The Will to Knowledge, Chapter III. Scientia Sexualis (Hungarian Edition). Budapest: Atlantisz.
  • Foucault, M. (2000). The birth of the clinic (Hungarian). Budapest: Corvina.
  • Freeman, H. P., & Payne, R. (2000). Racial injustice in health care. New England Journal of Medicine, 342(14), 1045–1047. doi:10.1056/NEJM200004063421411
  • Gonzales, G., Przedworski, J., & Henning-Smith, C. (2016). Comparison of health and health risk factors between lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults and heterosexual adults in the United States: Results from the national health interview survey. JAMA Internal Medicine, 176(9), 1344. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.3432
  • Grabovac, I., Abramović, M., Komlenović, G., Milosević, M., & Mustajbegović, J. (2014). Attitudes towards and knowledge about homosexuality among medical students in Zagreb. Collegium Antropologicum, 38(1), 39–45.
  • Green, A. R., Carney, D. R., Pallin, D. J., Ngo, L. H., Raymond, K. L., Iezzoni, L. I., & Banaji, M. R. (2007). Implicit bias among physicians and its prediction of thrombolysis decisions for black and white patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(9), 1231–1238. doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0258-5
  • Hafferty, F. (2000). Search of a lost cord: Professionalism and medical education’s hidden curriculum. In D. Wear, and J. Bickel (Eds.), Educating for professionalism: Creating a culture of humanism in medical education (pp. 163–168). Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press.
  • Hall, W. J., Chapman, M. V., Lee, K. M., Merino, Y. M., Thomas, T. W., Payne, B. K., … Coyne-Beasley, T. (2015). Implicit racial/ethnic bias among health care professionals and its influence on health care outcomes: A systematic review. American Journal of Public Health, 105(12), e60–e76. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302903
  • Hayes, V., Blondeau, W., & Bing-You, R. G. (2015). Assessment of medical student and resident/fellow knowledge, comfort, and training with sexual history taking in LGBTQ patients. Family Medicine, 47(5), 383–387.
  • Herek, G. M. (1988). Heterosexuals’ attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences. Journal of Sex Research, 25(4), 451–477. doi:10.1080/00224498809551476
  • Herek, G. M. (1998). The Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men (ATLG) scale. In C. M. Davis, W. L. Yarber, R. Bauserman, G. Schreer, and S. L. Davis (Eds.), Handbook of sexuality-related measures (1st ed., pp. 392–394). Thousand Oaks CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Herek, G. M. (2002). Gender gaps in public opinion about lesbians and gay men. Public Opinion Quarterly, 66(1), 40–66. doi:10.1086/338409
  • Hidasi, B. (2014). TransCare 2014 Documentation of discrimination in the field of health of trans* people in Hungary [Research report]. Transvanilla Transgender Association. https://www.ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/Attachments/hungary_-_transvanilla.pdf
  • Hungarian LGBT Alliance. (2021). LGBTQI RIGHTS IN Hungary (p. 14). [Joint submission]. https://hatter.hu/sites/default/files/dokumentum/kiadvany/upr-lqbtqi-hu-2021.pdf
  • Kan, R. W. M., Au, K. P., Chan, W. K., Cheung, L. W. M., Lam, C. Y. Y., Liu, H. H. W., … Wong, W. C. (2009). Homophobia in medical students of the University of Hong Kong. Sex Education, 9(1), 65–80. doi:10.1080/14681810802639848
  • Kelley, L., Chou, C. L., Dibble, S. L., & Robertson, P. A. (2008). A critical intervention in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health: Knowledge and attitude outcomes among second-year medical students. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 20(3), 248–253. doi:10.1080/10401330802199567
  • Khan, A., Plummer, D., Hussain, R., & Minichiello, V. (2008). Does physician bias affect the quality of care they deliver? Evidence in the care of sexually transmitted infections. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 84(2), 150–151. doi:10.1136/sti.2007.028050
  • King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D., & Nazareth, I. (2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry, 8(1), 70. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-8-70
  • Kite, M. E., & Whitley, B. E. (1996). Sex differences in attitudes toward homosexual persons, behaviors, and civil rights a meta-analysis. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(4), 336–353. doi:10.1177/0146167296224002
  • Kitts, R. L. (2010). Barriers to optimal care between physicians and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning adolescent patients. Journal of Homosexuality, 57(6), 730–747. doi:10.1080/00918369.2010.485872
  • Lauer, A. K., & Lauer, D. A. (2018). The good doctor: More than medical knowledge & surgical skill. Annals of Eye Science, 2, 36. doi:10.21037/aes.2017.05.04
  • Lingiardi, V., Nardelli, N., Ioverno, S., Falanga, S., Di Chiacchio, C., Tanzilli, A., & Baiocco, R. (2016). Homonegativity in Italy: Cultural issues, personality characteristics, and demographic correlates with negative attitudes toward lesbians and Gay Men. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 13(2), 95–108. doi:10.1007/s13178-015-0197-6
  • Lopes, L., Gato, J., & Esteves, M. (2016). Portuguese medical students’ knowledge and attitudes towards homosexuality. Acta Médica Portuguesa, 29(11), 684. doi:10.20344/amp.8009
  • Marlin, R., Kadakia, A., Ethridge, B., & Mathews, W. C. (2018). Physician attitudes toward homosexuality and HIV: The PATHH-III survey. LGBT Health, 5(7), 431–442. doi:10.1089/lgbt.2018.0041
  • Milem, J., Umbach, P., & Liang, C. (2004). Exploring the perpetuation hypothesis: The role of colleges and universities in desegregating society. Journal of College Student Development, 45(6), 688–700. doi:10.1353/csd.2004.0070
  • Morrison, M. A., & Morrison, T. G. (2003). Development and validation of a scale measuring modern prejudice toward gay men and lesbian women. Journal of Homosexuality, 43(2), 15–37. doi:10.1300/J082v43n02_02
  • Moskowitz, D., Thom, D. H., Guzman, D., Penko, J., Miaskowski, C., & Kushel, M. (2011). Is primary care providers’ trust in socially marginalized patients affected by race? Journal of General Internal Medicine, 26(8), 846–851. doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1672-2
  • Ohlander, J., Batalova, J., & Treas, J. (2005). Explaining educational influences on attitudes toward homosexual relations. Social Science Research, 34(4), 781–799. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2004.12.004
  • Pearte, C., Renk, K., & Negy, C. (2013). Explaining variation in relations among intrinsic religiosity, political conservatism, and homonegativity as a function of authoritarianism’s three components: An expansion on recent literature. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 10(2), 97–109. doi:10.1007/s13178-013-0114-9
  • Raja, S., & Stokes, J. P. (1998). Assessing attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: The Modern Homophobia Scale. Journal of Gay, Lesbian, & Bisexual Identity, 3(2), 113–134.
  • Richman, W. L., Kiesler, S., Weisband, S., & Drasgow, F. (1999). A meta-analytic study of social desirability distortion in computer-administered questionnaires, traditional questionnaires, and interviews. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(5), 754–775. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.84.5.754
  • Risberg, G., Hamberg, K., & Johansson, E. E. (2006). Gender perspective in medicine: A vital part of medical scientific rationality. A useful model for comprehending structures and hierarchies within medical science. BMC Medicine, 4(1), 20. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-4-20
  • Royal College of Physicians of London (Ed.). (2005). Doctors in society: Medical professionalism in a changing world; report of a working party December 2005. Royal College of Physicians.
  • Sabin, J. A., Riskind, R. G., & Nosek, B. A. (2015). Health care providers’ implicit and explicit attitudes toward lesbian women and gay men. American Journal of Public Health, 105(9), 1831–1841. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302631
  • Sanchez, N. F., Rabatin, J., Sanchez, J. P., Hubbard, S., & Kalet, A. (2006). Medical students’ ability to care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered patients. Family Medicine, 38(1), 21–27.
  • Schott, M., Holland, L., & Matthews, T. (2009). Attitudes toward the LGBT Community in Higher Education. Spaces for Difference, 2, 36–47.
  • Shetty, G., Sanchez, J. A., Lancaster, J. M., Wilson, L. E., Quinn, G. P., & Schabath, M. B. (2016). Oncology healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviors regarding LGBT health. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(10), 1676–1684. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2016.05.004
  • Steiner-Hofbauer, V., Schrank, B., & Holzinger, A. (2018). What is a good doctor? Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 168(15–16), 398–405. doi:10.1007/s10354-017-0597-8
  • Štulhofer, A., & Rimac, I. (2009). Determinants of Homonegativity in Europe. Journal of Sex Research, 46(1), 24–32. doi:10.1080/00224490802398373
  • Szalma, & Takács. (2013). How to measure homophobia in an international comparison? Družboslovne Razprave, XXIX(73), 11–42.
  • Szél, Z., Kiss, D., Török, Z., & Gyarmathy, V. A. (2019). Hungarian medical students’ knowledge about and attitude toward homosexual, bisexual, and transsexual individuals. Journal of Homosexuality, 1–18. doi:10.1080/00918369.2019.1600898
  • Takács, Mocsonaki, & Tóth, P. (2008). A leszbikus, meleg, biszexuális és transznemű (LMBT) emberek társadalmi kirekesztettsége Magyarországon. Esély, 19(3), 16–54.
  • Takács, J., & Swart, G. A. (2021). Több változó, több elutasítás? Socio.Hu, 11(2), 3–29. doi:10.18030/socio.hu.2021.2.3
  • Takács, J., & Szalma, I. (2014). Social attitudes towards homosexuality in Hungary and Romania Erdélyi Társadalom (Transylvanian Society) . doi:10.17177/77171.140
  • Török, Z., Rakovics, M., Pénzes, M., Terebessy, A., Pongor, V., & Csépe, P. (2018). A modern Homonegativitás Skála magyarországi adaptációja Hungarian adaptation of the modern homonegativity scale. Mentálhigiéné És Pszichoszomatika, 19(4), 357–383. doi:10.1556/0406.19.2018.4.009
  • Ward, C., Bochner, S., & Furnham, A. (2005). The psychology of culture shock. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203992258
  • Whitley, B. E. (2009). Religiosity and attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: A meta-analysis. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 19(1), 21–38. doi:10.1080/10508610802471104

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.