Premature Ejaculation: A Psychophysiological Approach for Assessment and Management

References

• Bixler , R. H. 1986 . Of apes and men (Including females!) . Journal of Sex Research , 22 : 255 – 267 .
   Google Scholar
• Blachly , P. H. 1986 . Management of the opiate abstinence syndrome . American Journal of Psychiatry , 122 : 742 – 744 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowland , D. L. 1999 . Issues in the laboratory study of human sexual response: A synthesis for the nontechnical sexologist . The Journal of Sex Research , 36 : 1 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowland , D. L. 1998 . A psychophysiological approach to assessing premature ejaculation. International Journal of Impotence Research . 10 , : S44 – S48, S49-S51 .
   Google Scholar
• Rowland , D. L. , Cooper , S. E. and Slob , A. K. 1998 . The treatment of premature ejaculation: Psychological and biological strategies . Drugs of Today , 34 : 1 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buffum , J. 1982 . Pharmacosexology. The effects of drugs on sexual function: A Review . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 14 : 5 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buffum , J. 1992 . Prescription drugs and sexual function . Psychiatric Medicine , 10 : 181 – 198 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis , J. E. and Mininberg , D. T. 1976 . Prostatitis and sexual function . Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality , 10 ( 8 ) : 32 – 40 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ruff , R. K. 1980 . Orgasmic epilepsy . Neurology , 30 : 1252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desjardins , J. and Audette , N. 1997 . The lover's guide to ejaculatory control (VHS videotape, 55 min.) , Chatsworth, CA : Pacific Media Entertainment .
   Google Scholar
• DeLisa , J. A. and Mackenzie , K. 1982 . Manual of nerve conduction velocity techniques , New York : Raven Press .
   Google Scholar
• De Amicus , L. A. , Goldberg , D. C. , LoPiccolo , J. , Friedman , J. and Davies , L. 1985 . Clinical follow-up of couples treated for sexual dysfunction . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 14 : 467 – 490 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowland , D. L. and Slob , A. K. 1995 . Understanding and diagnosing sexual dysfunction: Recent progress through psychophysiological and psychophysical methods . Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , 19 : 201 – 209 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowland, D. L., Houtsmuller, E. J., Slob, A. K., & Cooper, S. E. (1996). The study of ejaculatory response in men in the psychophysiological laboratory. Unpublished manuscript.
   Google Scholar
• Rowland , D. L. and Slob , A. K. Jr . 1997 . “ Premature ejaculation: Psychophysiological considerations in theory, research and treatment ” . In The annual review of sex research , Edited by: Rosen , R. C. , Davis , C. M. and Ruppel , H. J. Vol. 8 , Mason City, Iowa : Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality .
   Google Scholar
• Althof , S. E. , Levine , S. B. , Corty , E. W , Risen , C. B. and Stern , E. B. 1995 . A doubleblind crossover trial of clomipramine for rapid ejaculation in 15 couples . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 56 : 402 – 407 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual , 4th , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Assalian , P. 1988 . Clomipramine in the treatment of premature ejaculation . Journal of Sex Research , 4 : 213 – 215 .
   Google Scholar
• Athanasiadis , L. 1998 . Premature ejaculation: Is it a biogenic or a psychogenic disorder? . Sexual & Marital Therapy , 13 : 241 – 255 .
   Google Scholar
• Balon , R. 1996 . Antidepressants in the treatment of premature ejaculation . Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy , 22 : 85 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bancroft , J. and Coles , L. 1976 . Three years experience in a sexual problems clinic . British Medical Journal , 1 : 1575 – 1577 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlow , D. H. 1986 . Causes of sexual dysfunction: The role of anxiety and cognitive interference . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 54 : 140 – 148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T , Ward , C. H. , Mendelson , M. , Mock , J. and Erbaugh , J. 1961 . An inventory for measuring depression . Archives of General Psychiatry , 4 : 561 – 571 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beretta , G. , Chelo , E. and Zanolla , F. 1986 . Effect of an alpha-blocking agent (phenoxybenzamine) in the management of premature ejaculation . Acta Europa Fertilatis , 77 : 442 – 445 .
   Google Scholar
• Safir , J. P. and Almagor , M. 1991 . Psychopathology associated with sexual dysfunction . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 47 : 17 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruff , G. A. and St. Lawrence , J.S . 1985 . Premature ejaculation: Past research progress, future directions . Clinical Psychology Review , 5 : 627 – 639 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derogatis , L. R. , Lipman , R. and Covi , L. 1973 . SCL-90: An outpatient psychiatric rating scale . Psychopharmacology Bulletin , 9 : 13 – 28 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Derogatis , L. R. and Meyer , J. K. 1979 . A psychological profile of the sexual dysfunctions . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 8 ( 3 ) : 210 – 223 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derogatis , L. R. , Meyer , J. K. and King , M. A. 1981 . Psychopathology in individuals with sexual dysfunction . American Journal of Psychiatry , 138 : 757 – 763 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , A. J. 1983 . Ejaculatory dysfunction . Fertility and Sterility , 39 : 445 – 454 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tullii , R. E. , Guillaux , C. H. , Vaccari , R. and Ferreira , R. 1994 . Premature ejaculation selective neurotomy: A new therapeutic technique. Basis, indication and results . International Journal of Impotence Research , 5 ( suppl. 1 ) : 109 – 113 .
   Google Scholar
• Virag , R. and Beck-Ardilly , L. 1997 . Nosology, epidemiology, clinical quantification of erectile dysfunction . Review of International Medicine , 18 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 10S – 13S .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butcher , J. N. , Dahlstrom , W G. , Graham , J. R. , Tellegen , A. M. and Kaemmer , B. 1989 . Minnesota Muhiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2): Manual for administration and scoring , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Charthan , R. 1975 . The Forum Guide to Sexual Problems , St. Albans, VT : Mayflower .
   Google Scholar
• Whalen , S. R. 1980 . Cognitive factors in sexual behavior . Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy , 6 : 87 – 101 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , W . 1984 . Secondary premature ejaculation . Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 18 : 333 – 340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xin , Z. C. , Choi , Y. D. , Rha , K. H. and Choi , H. K. 1997 . Somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with primary premature ejaculation . Journal of Urology , 158 : 451 – 455 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xin , Z. C. , Choi , Y. D. , Seong , D. H. and Choi , H. K. 1995 . Sensory evoked potential and effect of SS-cream in premature ejaculation . Yonsei Medical Journal , 36 : 397 – 401 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yulis , S. 1976 . Generalization of therapeutic gain in the treatment of premature ejaculation . Behavior Therapy , 7 : 355 – 358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zilbergeld , B. 1992 . The new male sexuality , New York : Bantam Books .
   Google Scholar
• Shilon , M. , Paz , G. R and Homonnai , Z. T. 1984 . The use of phenoxybenzamine treatment in premature ejaculation . Fertility and Sterility , 42 : 659 – 661 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colpi , G. M. , Fanciullacci , R , Beretta , G. , Negri , L. and Zanolla , A. 1986 . Evoked sacral potentials in subjects with true premature ejaculation . Andrologia , 18 : 583 – 586 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colpi , G. M. , Fanciullacci , F. , Ayados , K. and Grugnetti , C. 1991 . Cortical evoked potentials in subjects with true premature ejaculation . Andrologia , 23 : 45 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comarr , A. E. 1970 . Sexual function among patients with spinal cord injury . Urology International , 25 : 134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , A. J. , Cernovsky , Z. Z. and Colussi , K. 1983 . Some clinical and psychometric characteristics of primary and secondary premature ejaculators . Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy , 19 : 276 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couper-smartt , J. D. and Rodham , R. 1973 . A technique for surveying side-effects of tricyclic drugs with reference to reported sexual effects . Journal of International Medical Research , 1 : 473 – 476 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crenshaw , T. L. and Goldberg , J. P. 1996 . Sexual Pharmacology: Drugs that affect sexual function , New York : W.W. Nortono .
   Google Scholar
• Cooper , A. 1969 . Clinical and therapeutic studies in premature ejaculation . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 10 : 285 – 295 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crooks , R. and Bauer , K. 1990 . Our sexuality. Don Mills, Ontario , Canada : Benjamin/Cummings .
   Google Scholar
• Damrav , F. 1963 . Premature ejaculation: Use of ethyl amino benzoate to prolong coitus . Journal of Urology , 89 : 936 – 939 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wameke , L. B. 1976 . A case of temporal lobe epilepsy with an orgasmic component . Journal of the Canadian Psychiatric Association , 21 : 319 – 323 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waldinger , M. D. , Hengeveld , M. W and Zwinderman , A. H. 1997 . Ejaculationretarding properties of paroxetine in patients with primary premature ejaculation: A double-blind, randomized, dose-response study . British Journal of Urology , 79 : 592 – 595 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dorevich , A. and Davis , H. 1994 . Fluoxetine-associated sexual dysfunction . Annals ofPharmacotherapy , 28 : 872 – 874 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott , M. L. and Biever , L. S. 1996 . Head injury and sexual dysfunction . Brain Injury , 10 : 703 – 717 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein , N. and Eidelson , R. J. 1981 . Unrealistic beliefs of clinical couples: Their relationship to expectations, goals and satisfaction . American Journal of Family Therapy , 9 : 13 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ertekin , C. , Colakoglu , Z. and Altay , B. 1995 . Hand and genital sympathetic skin potentials in flaccid and erect penile states in normal potent men and patients with premature ejaculation . Journal of Urology , 153 : 76 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evanoff , A. and Newton , W. P. 1998 . Treatment of premature ejaculation . Journal of Family Practice , 46 : 280 – 281 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fanciullacci , F. , Colpi , G. M. , Beretta , G. and Zanollo , A. 1988 . Cortical evoked potentials in subjects with true premature ejaculation . Andrologia , 20 : 326330
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feinberg , M. 1991 . Clomipramine for obsessive-compulsive disorder . American Family Physician , 43 : 1735 – 1738 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster , P. and King , J. 1994 . Fluoxetine for premature ejaculation . American Journal of Psychiatry , 151 : 1523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank , E. , Anderson , C. and Kupfer , D. J. 1976 . Profiles of couples seeking sex therapy and marital therapy . American Journal of Psychiatry , 133 : 559 – 562 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girgis , S. M. , El-Hagger , S. and El-Hermouzy , S. 1982 . A double blind trial of clomipramine in premature ejaculation . Andrologia , 14 : 364 – 368 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass , R. M. 1981 . Ejaculatory impairment from both phenelzine and imipramine, with tinnitus from phenelzine . Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology , 1 : 152 – 154 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godlewski , J. 1978 . Seminograms in certain erection and ejaculation disturbances . Polski Tygodnik Lekarski , 33 : 889 – 891 .
   Google Scholar
• Goodman , R. E. 1980 . An assessment of clomipramine (Anafranil) in the treatment of premature ejaculation. Journal of International Medical Research . 8 , : 53 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Gospodinoff , M. L. 1989 . Premature ejaculation: Clinical subgroups and etiology . Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy , 5 : 130 – 134 .
   Google Scholar
• Grenier , G. and Byers , E. S. 1997 . The relationship among ejaculatory control, ejaculatory latency, and attempts to prolong heterosexual intercourse . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 26 : 27 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan , H. S. 1974 . The new sex therapy , New York : Brunner/Mazel .
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan , P. M. 1994 . The use of serotoninergic uptake inhibitors in the treatment of premature ejaculation . Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy , 20 : 321 – 324 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keitner , G. I. and Selub , S. 1983 . Spontaneous ejaculations and neuroleptics . Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology , 3 : 34 – 36 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Killman , P. R. , Boland , J. , Norton , P. , S. , Davidson , P. , Caid , E. and C. 1986 . Perspectives of sex therapy outcome: A survey of AASECT providers . Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy , 12 : 116 – 138 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King , J. 1975 . Impotence after fractures of the pelvis . Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery , 57 : 1107 – 1109 .
   Google Scholar
• Kinsey , A. C. , Pomeroy , B. W. and Martin , C. E. 1948 . Sexual behavior in the human male , Philadelphia : W. B. Saunders .
   Google Scholar
• Kockott , G. , Feil , W. , Revenstorf , D. , Aldenhoff , J. and Besinger , U. 1980 . Symptomatology and psychological aspects of male sexual inadequacy: Results of an experimental study . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 9 : 457 – 475 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreuter , M. 1998 . Partner relationships, sexuality and quality of life in persons with spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury . Scandinavian Journal of Sexology , 1 : 71 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Ruhr , C. S. , Heiman , J. , Cardenas , D. , Bradley , W. and Berger , R. E. 1995 . Premature emission after spinal cord injury . Journal of Urology , 153 : 429 – 4331 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Pera , G. and Nicastro , A. 1996 . A new treatment for premature ejaculation: The rehabilitation of the pelvic floor . Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy , 22 : 22 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landau , B. , Benjamin , D. and Pinkhas , T. 1979 . Ejaculatio praecox and spurious polycythemia . Journal of the American Medical Association , 241 : 1791 – 1792 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy , B. 1994 . Etiology and treatment of early ejaculation . Journal of Sex Education & Therapy , 20 : 5 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• McCormick , S. , Olin , J. and Brotman , A. W. 1990 . Reversal of fluoxetine-induced anorgasmia by cyproheptadine in two patients . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 51 : 383 – 384 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semans , J. H. 1956 . Premature ejaculation: A new approach . South Medical Journal , 49 : 353 – 358 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sewell , H. H. and Abramowitz , S. I. 1979 . Flexibility, persistence and success in sex therapy . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 8 : 497 – 506 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonnell , S. M. 1992 . Ejaculation, physiology and dysfunction . Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice , 8 : 57 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGiilp , R. 1993 . Case report (2): Paroxetine and delayed ejaculation-a treatable side effect . Journal of Drug Development , 5 : 265 – 266 .
   Google Scholar
• McLean , J. D. , Forsythe , R. G. and Kapkin , I. A. 1983 . Unusual side effects of clomipramine associated with yawning . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 28 : 569 – 570 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon , C. G. and Tourna , K. 1999 . Treatment of premature ejaculation with paroxetine hydrochloride as needed: 2 single-blind placebo controlled crossover studies . The Journal of Urology , 161 : 1826 – 1830 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta , A. J. , Viosca , S. P. , Korenman , S. G. and Davis , S. S. 1986 . Peripheral nerve conduction studies and bulbocavemosus reflex in the investigation of impotence . Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation , 67 : 332 – 335 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendel , J. , Camera , A. and Sikes , C. 1995 . Sertraline treatment for premature ejaculation . Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology , 15 : 341 – 346 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metz , M. E. 1993 . The Styles of Conflict Inventory for Personal Relationships (SCI) , PaIo Alto, CA : Consulting Psychologists Press .
   Google Scholar
• Metz , M. E. and Dwyer , M. 1993 . Differences in conflict management styles between sex dysfunction, sex offender, and satisfied couples . Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy , 19 : 104 – 122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laumann , E. O. , Paik , A. and Rosen , R. C. 1999 . Sexual dysfunction in the United States: Prevalence and predictors . Journal of the American Medical Association , 261 : 537 – 544 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loudon , J. B. 1998 . Potential confusion between erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation: An evaluation of men presenting with erectile difficulty at a sex therapy clinic . Sexual & Marital Therapy , 13 : 397 – 401 .
   Google Scholar
• Masters , W. H. and Johnson , V. E. 1970 . Human sexual inadequacy , Boston : Little, Brown .
   Google Scholar
• May , A. G. , DeWeese , J. A. and Rob , C. G. 1969 . Changes in sexual function following operation in the abnormal aorta . Surgery , 65 : 40 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy , B. 1988 . Male sexual awareness: Increasing sexual satisfaction , New York : Carrol & Graf .
   Google Scholar
• Metz , M. E. , Pryor , J. , Abuzzahab , F. , Nesvacil , L. and Koznar , J. 1997 . Premature ejaculation: A psychophysiological review . Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy , 23 : 3 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers, S. R. (1994,). A comparison of male sexual dysfunctions: An MMPI-2 content scales analysis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation: University of Minnesota.
   Google Scholar
• Millon , T. 1997 . MCMI-III: Millon ClinicalMutiiaxial Inventory -- III , Minneapolis : National Computer Systems .
   Google Scholar
• Modell , J. G. 1989 . Repeated observations of yawning, clitoral engorgement, and orgasm associated with fluoxetine administration . Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology , 9 : 63 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosher , D. L. 1980 . Three psychological dimensions of depth of involvement in human sexual response . Journal of Sex Research , 16 : 1 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munjack , D. J. and Kanno , P. H. 1979 . Retarded ejaculation: A review . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 8 : 139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munjack , D. J , Kanno , P. H. and Oziel , L. J. 1978 . Ejaculatory disorders: Some psychometric data . Psychological Reports , 43 : 783 – 787 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy , J. B. and Lipshultz , L. I. 1987 . Abnormalities of ejaculation . Urologie Clinics of North America , 14 : 583 – 596 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nininger , J. E. 1978 . Inhibition of ejaculation by amitriptyline . American Journal of Psychiatry , 135 : 750 – 751 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Farrell , T. J. , Choquette , K. A. , Cutter , H. S. and Birchler , G. R. 1997 . Sexual satisfaction and dysfunction in marriages of male alcoholics: Comparison with nonalcoholic maritally conflicted and nonconflicted couples . Journal of Studies of Alcohol , 58 : 91 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozturk , B. , Detinkaya , M. , Saglam , H. , Adsan , O. , Akin , O. and Memis , A. 1997 . Erectile dysfunction in premature ejaculation . Archives of Italian Urology and Andrology , 69 : 133 – 136 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Polonski , D. and Dunne , M. 1991 . You Can Last Longer [Vol. 8, Better Sex Videos Series, VHS videotape, 38 min.] , Huntington, NY : Focus International .
   Google Scholar
• Power-Smith , P. 1994 . Beneficial sexual side-effects from fluoxetine . British Journal of Psychiatry , 164 : 249 – 250 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathus , S. A. 1983 . Human Sexuality , New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Riley , A. J. and Riley , E. J. 1986 . The effect of single dose diazepam on female sexual response induced by masturbation . Sex & Marital Therapy , 1 : 49 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Siroky , M. B. , Sax , D. S. and Krane , RJ. 1979 . Sacral signal tracing: The electrophysiology of the bulbocavernosus reflex . Journal of Urology , 122 : 661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder, D. K. (1997). Marital Satisfaction Inventory, revised: Manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
   Google Scholar
• Snyder , D. K. and Berg , P. 1983 . Determinants of sexual dissatisfaction in sexually distressed couples . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 12 : 237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorscher , S. M. and Dilsaver , S. C. 1986 . Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction in men: Due to cholinergic blockade? . Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology , 6 : 53 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spanier , G. B. 1976 . Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 38 : 15 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoudemire A. (Ed.). (1994). Clinicalpsychiatry for medicalstudents (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott.
   Google Scholar
• Davis , C. M. , Yarber , W. L. , Bauserman , R. , Schreer , G. and Davis , S. L. 1998 . Handbook of Sexuality-Related Measures , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Heiman , J. R. , LoPiccolo , J. and LoPiccolo , L. 1981 . “ The treatment of sexual dysfunction ” . In Handbook of family therapy , Edited by: Gurman , A. S. and Kniskern , D. P. 592 – 627 . New York : Brunner/Mazel .
   Google Scholar
• Hong , L. K. 1984 . Survival of the fastest: On the origin of premature ejaculation . Journal of Sex Research , 20 : 109 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes , J. M. 1964 . Failure to ejaculate with chlordiazepoxide . American Journal of Psychiatry , 121 : 610 – 611 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubbard , J. R. , Levenson , J. L. and Patrick , G. A. 1991 . Psychiatric side effects associated with the ten most commonly dispensed prescription drugs: A review . Journal of Family Practice , 33 : 177 – 186 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan , H. S. 1983 . The evaluation of sexual disorders: Psychological and medical aspects , New York : Brunner/Mazel .
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan , H. S. 1989 . Premature ejaculation: How to overcome premature ejaculation , New York : Brunner/Mazel .
   Google Scholar
• Segraves , R. T. 1987b . Reversal of bethanechol of imipramine-induced ejaculatory dysfunction . American Journal of Psychiatry , 144 : 1243 – 1244 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segraves , R. T. 1991 . Pharmacological enhancement of human sexual behavior . Journal of Sex Education & Therapy , 17 : 283 – 289 .
   Google Scholar
• Segraves , R. T , Saran , A. , Segraves , K. and Maguire , E. 1993 . Clomipramine vs. placebo in the treatment of premature ejaculation: A pilot study . Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy , 19 : 198 – 200 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schapiro , B. 1943 . Premature ejaculation: A review of 1130 cases . Journal of 'Urology , 50 : 374 – 379 .
   Google Scholar
• Schatzberg , A. F. and Nemeroff , C. B. 1995 . “ Biology of mood disorders ” . In Textbook of Psychopharmacology , 453 Washington, DC : The American Press .
   Google Scholar
• Segraves , R. T. 1987a . Treatment of premature ejaculation with lorazepam . American Journal of Psychiatry , 144 : 1240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahin , H. and Bircan , M. K. 1996 . Efficacy of prilocaine-lidocaine cream in the treatment of premature ejaculation . Journal of Urology , 156 : 1783 – 1784 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos , B. O. F. and Vieira , A. L. D. 1999 . A review of the electromyographic criteria in sexual performance . Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology , 39
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santos , B. O. F. , Vieira , A. L. D. and Fischer , R. 1999 . Neurotomy: A new technique to treat premature ejaculation . Unpublished manuscript ,
   Google Scholar
• Haensel , S. , Rowland , D. L. , Kallen , K. and Slob , A. K. 1997 . The effects of clomipramine in men with premature ejaculation and in controls . Journal of Urology , 156 : 1310 – 1315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hale , V. E. and Strassberg , D. S. 1990 . The role of anxiety on sexual arousal . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 19 : 569 – 581 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton , M. 1959 . The assessment of anxiety states by rating . British Journal of Medical Psychology , 32 : 50 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartman , L. J. 1980 . The interface between sexual dysfunction and marital conflict . American Journal of Psychiatry , 137 : 576 – 579 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halvorsen , J. G. and Metz , M. E. 1992 . Sexual dysfunction: Part I. Classification, etiology, and pathogenesis . Journal of the American Board of Family Physicians , 5 : 51 – 61 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hawton , K. , Catalan , J. , Martin , P. and Fagg , J. 1986 . Prognostic factors in sex therapy . Behavior Research & Therapy , 24 : 377 – 385 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar