Sexual Satisfaction in Spouses of Ex-POWs: The Role of PTSD Symptoms and Self-Differentiation

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). Arlington, VA: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Appel, Z. (1996). Differentiation of the self: Measurement and contribution to marital adjustment. (PhD dissertation). Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
   Google Scholar
• Avis, N. E., Zhao, X., Johannes, C. B., Ory, M., Brockwell, S., & Greendale, G. A. (2005). Correlates of sexual function among multi-ethnic middle-aged women: results from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Menopause, 12(4), 385–398. doi:10.1097/01.GME.0000151656.92317.A9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckham, J. C., Lytle, B. L., & Feldman, M. E. (1996). Caregiver burden in partners of Vietnam War veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(5), 1068–1072. doi:10.1037//0022-006X.64.5.1068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben Arzi, N., Solomon, Z., & Dekel, R. (2000). Secondary traumatization among wives of PTSD and post-concussion casualties: Distress, caregiver burden and psychological separation. Brain Injury, 14(8), 725–736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, M. (1998). Conflicts in adjustment: World War II prisoners of war and their families. In Y. Danieli (Ed.), International Handbook of Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma (pp. 119–124). New York: Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bowen, M. (1985). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Jason Aronson.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, S. B., & Renshaw, K. D. (2012). Distress in spouses of Vietnam veterans: Associations with communication about deployment experiences. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(1), 18–25. doi:10.1037/a0026680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caska, C. M., & Renshaw, K. D. (2011). Perceived burden in spouses of National Guard/Reserve service members deployed during operations enduring and Iraqi freedom. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(3), 346–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao, J.-K., Lin, Y.-C., Ma, M.-C., Lai, C.-J., Ku, Y.-C., Kuo, W.-H., & Chao, I.-C. (2011). Relationship among sexual desire, sexual satisfaction, and quality of life in middle-aged and older adults. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 37(5), 386–403. doi:10.1080/0092623X.2011.607051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins Dictionary. (n.d.). Middle age. Retrieved February 25, 2019, from https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/middle-age
   Google Scholar
• Collins, L. M., Schafer, J. L., & Kam, C.-M. (2001). A comparison of inclusive and restrictive strategies in modern missing data procedures. Psychological Methods, 6(4), 330–351. doi:10.1037//1082-989X.6.4.330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook, J. M., Riggs, D. S., Thompson, R., Coyne, J. C., & Sheikh, J. I. (2004). Posttraumatic stress disorder and current relationship functioning among World War II ex-prisoners of war. Journal of Family Psychology, 18(1), 36–45. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.18.1.36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daker‐White, G., & Donovan, J. (2002). Sexual satisfaction, quality of life and the transaction of intimacy in hospital patients’ accounts of their (hetero) sexual relationships. Sociology of Health & Illness, 24(1), 89–113. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.00005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dekel, R. (2010). Couple forgiveness, self-differentiation and secondary traumatization among wives of former POWs. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27(7), 924–937. doi:10.1177/0265407510377216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engdahl, B., Harkness, A., Eberly, R., Page, W., & Bielinski, J. (1993). Structural models of captivity trauma, resilience, and trauma response among former prisoners of war 20 to 40 years after release. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 28(3), 109–115. doi:10.1007/BF00801740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, L. C., Narciso, I., Novo, R. F., & Pereira, C. R. (2014). Predicting couple satisfaction: the role of differentiation of self, sexual desire and intimacy in heterosexual individuals. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 29(4), 390–404. doi:10.1080/14681994.2014.957498
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figley, C. R. (1986). Trauma and its wake: Traumatic stress, theory, research and intervention. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
   Google Scholar
• Figley, C. R. (1995). Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Compassion fatigue as secondary traumatic stress disorder: An overview (pp. 1–20). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
   Google Scholar
• Flynn, K. E., Lin, L., Bruner, D. W., Cyranowski, J. M., Hahn, E. A., Jeffery, D. D., … Weinfurt, K. P. (2016). Sexual satisfaction and the importance of sexual health to quality of life throughout the life course of US adults. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(11), 1642–1650. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.08.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabrielson, A. T., Liu, J., & Sikka, S. C. (2018). Posttraumatic stress disorder and its effects on men’s sexual and reproductive health. In S. C. Sikka & W. J. G. Hellstrom (Eds.), Bioenvironmental Issues Affecting Men's Reproductive and Sexual Health (pp. 541–556). London, UK: Elsevier-Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Geracioti, T. D., Baker, D. G., Ekhator, N. N., West, S. A., Hill, K. K., Bruce, A. B., … Kasckow, J. W. (2001). CSF norepinephrine concentrations in posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(8), 1227–1230. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.8.1227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gewirtz, A. H., Polusny, M. A., DeGarmo, D. S., Khaylis, A., & Erbes, C. R. (2010). Posttraumatic stress symptoms among National Guard soldiers deployed to Iraq: associations with parenting behaviors and couple adjustment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(5), 599–610. doi:10.1037/a0020571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giladi, L., & Bell, T. S. (2013). Protective factors for intergenerational transmission of trauma among second and third generation Holocaust survivors. Psychological Trauma, 5(4), 384–391. doi:10.1037/a0028455
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ginsberg, T. B., Pomerantz, S. C., & Kramer-Feeley, V. (2005). Sexuality in older adults: behaviours and preferences. Age and Ageing, 34(5), 475–480. doi:10.1093/ageing/afi143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goff, J. D. (2010). The impact of differentiation of self and spirituality on sexual satisfaction. Journal of Psychology & Christianity, 29(1), 57–71.
   Google Scholar
• Gott, M., & Hinchliff, S. (2003). How important is sex in later life? The views of older people. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 56(8), 1617–1628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, T., Lahav, Y., Bronstein, I., & Solomon, Z. (2014). The role of ex-POWs’ PTSD symptoms and trajectories in wives’ secondary traumatization. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(5), 666–674. doi:10.1037/a0037848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guilliams, T. G., & Edwards, L. (2010). Chronic stress and the HPA axis. The Standard, 9(2), 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Hofmeyr, D. G., & Greeff, A. P. (2002). The influence of a vasectomy on the marital relationship and sexual satisfaction of the married man. Journal of Sex &Amp; Marital Therapy, 28(4), 339–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson, W. W., Harrison, D. F., & Crosscup, P. C. (1981). A short‐form scale to measure sexual discord in dyadic relationships. Journal of Sex Research, 17(2), 157–174. doi:10.1080/00224498109551110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr, M. E., & Bowen, M. (1988). Family evaluation. New York: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Knobloch-Fedders, L. M., Caska-Wallace, C., Smith, T. W., & Renshaw, K. (2017). Battling on the home front: Posttraumatic stress disorder and conflict behavior among military couples. Behavior Therapy, 48(2), 247–261. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2016.08.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahav, Y., Kanat-Maymon, Y., & Solomon, Z. (2017). Posttraumatic growth and dyadic adjustment among war veterans and their wives. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1102. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahav, Y., Levin, Y., Bensimon, M., Kanat‐Maymon, Y., & Solomon, Z. (2017). Secondary traumatization and differentiation among the wives of former POWs: A reciprocal association. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 30(4), 399–408. doi:10.1002/jts.22204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laumann, E. O., Paik, A., Glasser, D. B., Kang, J.-H., Wang, T., Levinson, B., … Gingell, C. (2006). A cross-national study of subjective sexual well-being among older women and men: Findings from the global study of sexual attitudes and behaviors. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35(2), 143–159. doi:10.1007/s10508-005-9005-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrance, K. A., & Byers, E. S. (1995). Sexual satisfaction in long‐term heterosexual relationships: The interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction. Personal Relationships, 2(4), 267–285. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1995.tb00092.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, D. M., Nazroo, J., O’Connor, D. B., Blake, M., & Pendleton, N. (2016). Sexual health and well-being among older men and women in England: Findings from the English longitudinal study of ageing. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(1), 133–144. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0465-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenz, T. A., Harte, C. B., Hamilton, L. D., & Meston, C. M. (2012). Evidence for a curvilinear relationship between sympathetic nervous system activation and women's physiological sexual arousal. Psychophysiology, 49(1), 111–117. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01285.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland, S. I. (2010). Intimate justice: A critical analysis of sexual satisfaction. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(9), 663–680. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00293.x
   Google Scholar
• Monson, C. M., Fredman, S. J., & Dekel, R. (2010). Posttraumatic stress disorder in an interpersonal context. In J. G. Beck (Ed.), Interpersonal processes in the anxiety disorders: Implications for understanding psychopathology and treatment (pp. 179–208). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Murray, S. H., & Milhausen, R. R. (2012). Sexual desire and relationship duration in young men and women. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 38(1), 28–40. doi:10.1080/0092623X.2011.569637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perel, E. (2007). Mating in captivity: Sex, lies and domestic bliss. London, UK: Hodder.
   Google Scholar
• Riggs, D. S., Byrne, C. A., Weathers, F. W., & Litz, B. T. (1998). The quality of the intimate relationships of male Vietnam veterans: Problems associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11(1), 87–101. doi:10.1023/A:1024409200155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rintamaki, L. S., Weaver, F. M., Elbaum, P. L., Klama, E. N., & Miskevics, S. A. (2009). Persistence of traumatic memories in World War II prisoners of war. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57(12), 2257–2262. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02608.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Fuentes, M. D M., Santos-Iglesias, P., & Sierra, J. C. (2014). A systematic review of sexual satisfaction. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 14(1), 67–75. doi:10.1016/S1697-2600(14)70038-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnarch, D. M. (1991). Constructing the sexual crucible: An integration of sexual and marital therapy. New York: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Schnarch, D. M. (1997). Passionate marriage: Love, sex, and intimacy in emotionally committed relationships. New York: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Schnarch, D. M. (2009). Intimacy & desire: Awaken the passion in your relationship. New York: Beaufort Books.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, V. C., Sandberg, J. G., Harper, J. M., & Miller, R. B. (2012). The impact of depressive symptoms and health on sexual satisfaction for older couples: Implications for clinicians. Contemporary Family Therapy, 34(3), 376–390. doi:10.1007/s10591-012-9198-2
   Google Scholar
• Sims, K. E., & Meana, M. (2010). Why did passion wane? A qualitative study of married women's attributions for declines in sexual desire. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 36(4), 360–380. doi:10.1080/0092623X.2010.498727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skowron, E. A., Wester, S. R., & Azen, R. (2004). Differentiation of self mediates college stress and adjustment. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(1), 69–78. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00287.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon, Z., Benbenishty, R., Neria, Y., Abramowitz, M., Ginzburg, K., & Ohry, A. (1993). Assessment of PTSD: Validation of the Revised PTSD Inventory. The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 30(2), 110–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon, Z., Dekel, R., Zerach, G., & Horesh, D. (2009). Differentiation of the self and posttraumatic symptomatology among ex‐POWs and their wives. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 35(1), 60–73. doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2008.00102.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon, Z., Horesh, D., Ein-Dor, T., & Ohry, A. (2012). Predictors of PTSD trajectories following captivity: A 35-year longitudinal study. Psychiatry Research, 199(3), 188–194. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Štulhofer, A., Ferreira, L. C., & Landripet, I. (2014). Emotional intimacy, sexual desire, and sexual satisfaction among partnered heterosexual men. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 29(2), 229–244. doi:10.1080/14681994.2013.870335
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taft, C. T., Watkins, L. E., Stafford, J., Street, A. E., & Monson, C. M. (2011). Posttraumatic stress disorder and intimate relationship problems: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(1), 22–33. doi:10.1037/a0022196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, H. N., Hess, R., & Thurston, R. C. (2015). Correlates of sexual activity and satisfaction in midlife and older women. Annals of Family Medicine, 13(4), 336–342. doi:10.1370/afm.1820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, W. K., Charo, L., Vahia, I. V., Depp, C., Allison, M., & Jeste, D. V. (2011). Association between higher levels of sexual function, activity, and satisfaction and self‐rated successful aging in older postmenopausal women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 59(8), 1503–1508. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03495.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiefer, L., Hall, M., & Tavris, C. (2002). Beyond dysfunction: A new view of women's sexual problems. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 28(S1), 225–232. doi:10.1080/00926230252851357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timm, T. M., & Keiley, M. K. (2011). The effects of differentiation of self, adult attachment, and sexual communication on sexual and marital satisfaction: A path analysis. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 37(3), 206–223. doi:10.1080/0092623X.2011.564513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trompeter, S. E., Bettencourt, R., & Barrett-Connor, E. (2012). Sexual activity and satisfaction in healthy community-dwelling older women. The American Journal of Medicine, 125(1), 37–43. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.07.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winterich, J. A. (2003). Sex, menopause, and culture: Sexual orientation and the meaning of menopause for women's sex lives. Gender & Society, 17(4), 627–642. doi:10.1177/0891243203253962
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woloski-Wruble, A. C., Oliel, Y., Leefsma, M., & Hochner-Celnikier, D. (2010). Sexual activities, sexual and life satisfaction, and successful aging in women. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(7), 2401–2410. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01747.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2010). Measuring sexual health: Conceptual and practical considerations and related indicators. Retrieved January 14, 2019, from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/70434/who_rhr_10.12_eng.pdf;jsessionid=4B537E971371F4BF9B6662ABB6712C62?sequence=1
   Google Scholar
• Yehuda, R., Lehrner, A., & Rosenbaum, T. Y. (2015). PTSD and sexual dysfunction in men and women. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(5), 1107–1119. doi:10.1111/jsm.12856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, M., Denny, G., Young, T., & Luquis, R. (2000). Sexual satisfaction among married women. American Journal of Health Studies, 16(2), 73–84.
   Google Scholar
• Zerach, G. (2015). Secondary traumatization among ex-POWs’ adult children: The mediating role of differentiation of the self. Psychological Trauma, 7(2), 187–194. doi:10.1037/a0037006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zerach, G., Anat, B.-D., Solomon, Z., & Heruti, R. (2010). Posttraumatic symptoms, marital intimacy, dyadic adjustment, and sexual satisfaction among ex-prisoners of war. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(8), 2739–2749. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01784.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar