3,436
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Identifying and working with appropriate treatment targets with people who are sexually attracted to children

, ORCID Icon, &

References

  • B4U-ACT. (2011). Mental health care & professional literature. https://www.b4uact.org/research/survey-results/spring-2011-survey/
  • Bailey, J. M., Bernhard, P. A., & Hsu, K. J. (2016). An internet study of men sexually attracted to children: Correlates of sexual offending against children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(7), 989–1000. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000213
  • Baumstarck, K., Alessandrini, M., Hamidou, Z., Auquier, P., Leroy, T., & Boyer, L. (2017). Assessment of coping: A new French four-factor structure of the Brief COPE inventory. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 15, e8. 10.1186/s12955-016-0581-9
  • Beggs Christofferson, S. M. (2019). Is preventive treatment for individuals with sexual interest in children viable in a discretionary reporting context? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(20), 4254–4280. doi:10.1177/0886260519869236
  • Bergen, E., Antfolk, J., Jern, P., Alanko, K., & Santtila, P. (2013). Adults’ sexual interest in children and adolescents online: A quasi-experimental study. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 7(2), 94–111.
  • Blanchard, R. (2010). The DSM diagnostic criteria for pedophilia. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(2), 304–316. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9536-0
  • Blanchard, R., Lykins, A. D., Wherrett, D., Kuban, M. E., Cantor, J. M., Blak, T., Dickey, R., & Klassen, P. E. (2009). Pedophilia, hebephilia, and the DSM-V. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(3), 335–350. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9
  • Cantor, J. M. (2018). Can pedophiles change? Current Sexual Health Reports, 10(4), 203–206. doi:10.1007/s11930-018-0165-2
  • Cantor, J. M., & Fedoroff, J. P. (2018). Can pedophiles change? Response to opening arguments and conclusions. Current Sexual Health Reports, 10(4), 213–220. doi:10.1007/s11930-018-0167-0
  • Cantor, J. M., & McPhail, I. V. (2015). Sensitivity and specificity of the phallometric test for hebephilia. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(9), 1940–1950. doi:10.1111/jsm.12970
  • Cantor, J. M., & McPhail, I. V. (2016). Non-offending pedophiles. Current Sexual Health Reports, 8(3), 121–128. doi:10.1007/s11930-016-0076-z
  • Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long: Consider the Brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, e92. doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6
  • Cohen, L., Ndukwe, N., Yaseen, Z., & Galynker, I. (2018). Comparison of self-identified minor-attracted persons who have and have not successfully refrained from sexual activity with children. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 44(3), 217–230. doi:10.1080/0092623X.2017.1377129
  • Cohen, L. J., Wilman-Depena, S., Barzilay, S., Hawes, M., Yaseen, Z., & Galynker, I. (2020). Correlates of chronic suicidal ideation among community-based minor-attracted persons. Sexual Abuse, 32(3), 273–300. doi:10.1177/1079063219825868
  • Dombert, B., Schmidt, A. F., Banse, R., Briken, P., Hoyer, J., Neutze, J., & Osterheider, M. (2016). How common is men’s self-reported sexual interest in prepubescent children? The Journal of Sex Research, 53(2), 214–223. doi:10.1080/00224499.2015.1020108
  • Dymond, H., & Duff, S. (2020). Understanding the lived experience of British non-offending paedophiles. Journal of Forensic Practice, 22(2), 71–81. doi:10.1108/JFP-10-2019-0046
  • Elchuk, D. L., McPhail, I. V., & Olver, M. E. (2022). Stigma-related stress, complex correlates of disclosure, mental health, and loneliness in minor-attracted people. Stigma and Health, 7(1), 100–112. doi:10.1037/sah0000317
  • Elvins, R., & Green, J. (2008). The conceptualization and measurement of therapeutic alliance: An empirical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(7), 1167–1187. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.04.002
  • Fedoroff, J. P. (2018). Can people with pedophilia change?: Yes they can! Current Sexual Health Reports, 10(4), 207–212. doi:10.1007/s11930-018-0166-1
  • Feelgood, S., & Hoyer, J. (2008). Child molester or paedophile? Sociolegal versus psychopathological classification of sexual offenders against children. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 14(1), 33–43. doi:10.1080/13552600802133860
  • Göbbels, S., Ward, T., & Willis, G. M. (2012). An integrative theory of desistance from sex offending. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(5), 453–462. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2012.06.003
  • Goodier, S., & Lievesley, R. (2018). Understanding the needs of individuals at risk of perpetrating child sexual abuse: A practitioner perspective. Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice, 18(1), 77–98. doi:10.1080/24732850.2018.1432185
  • Grady, M. D., Levenson, J. S., Mesias, G., Kavanagh, S., & Charles, J. (2019). “I can’t talk about that”: Stigma and fear as barriers to preventive services for minor-attracted persons. Stigma and Health, 4(4), 400–410. doi:10.1037/sah0000154
  • Green, S. B. (1991). How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis? Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26(3), 499–510. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2603_7
  • Grundmann, D., Krupp, J., Scherner, G., Amelung, T., & Beier, K. M. (2016). Stability of self-reported arousal to sexual fantasies involving children in a clinical sample of pedophiles and hebephiles. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(5), 1153–1162. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0729-z
  • Hanson, R. K., & Morton-Bourgon, K. E. (2005). The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta-analysis of recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(6), 1154–1163. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.6.1154
  • Hardeberg Bach, M., & Demuth, C. (2018). Therapists’ experiences in their work with sex offenders and people with pedophilia: A literature review. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 14(2), 498–514. doi:10.5964/ejop.v14i2.1493
  • Harper, C. A., & Bartels, R. M., & Hogue, T. E. (2018). Reducing stigmatization and punitive attitudes about pedophiles through narrative humanization. Sexual Abuse, 30(5), 533–555. doi:10.1177/1079063216681561
  • Harper, C. A., & Hogue, T. E. (2017). Press coverage as a heuristic guide for social decision-making about sexual offenders. Psychology, Crime & Law, 23(2), 118–134. doi:10.1080/1068316X.2016.1227816
  • Harper, C. A., & Lievesley, R. (2022). Exploring the ownership of child-like sex dolls. Archives of Sexual Behavior. Advance online publication. doi:10.1007/s10508-022-02422-4
  • Harper, C. A., Lievesley, R., Blagden, N. J., & Hocken, K. (2022). Humanizing pedophilia as stigma reduction: A large-scale intervention study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 51(2), 945–960. doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02057-x
  • Harper, C. A., Lievesley, R., Blagden, N., Akerman, G., Winder, B., & Baumgartner, E. (2021). Development and validation of the Good Lives Questionnaire. Psychology, Crime & Law, 27(7), 678–703. doi:10.1080/1068316X.2020.1849695
  • Harrison, K., Manning, R., & McCartan, K. (2010). Multi-disciplinary definitions and understandings of ‘paedophilia’. Social and Legal Studies, 19(4), 481–496. doi:10.1177/0964663910369054
  • Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masunda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behavior Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1–25. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006
  • Herth, K. (1991). Development and refinement of an instrument to measure hope. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice, 5(1), 39–51.
  • Hocken, K (2018). Safer Living Foundation: The aurora project. In R. Lievesley, K. Hocken, H. Elliott, B. Winder, N. Blagden, & P. Banyard (Eds.), Sexual crime and prevention (pp. 83–109). Cham: Springer Nature.
  • Houtepen, J. A. B. M., Sijtsema, J. J., & Bogaerts, S. (2016). Being sexually attracted to minors: Sexual development, coping with forbidden feelings, and relieving sexual arousal in self-identified pedophiles. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 42(1), 48–69. doi:10.1080/0092623X.2015.1061077
  • Imhoff, R. (2015). Punitive attitudes against pedophiles or persons with sexual interest in children: Does the label matter? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(1), 35–44. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0439-3
  • Jahnke, S. (2018). The stigma of pedophilia. European Psychologist, 23(2), 144–153. doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000325
  • Jahnke, S., & Hoyer, J. (2013). Stigmatization of people with pedophilia: A blind spot in stigma research. International Journal of Sexual Health, 25(3), 169–184. doi:10.1080/19317611.2013.795921
  • Jahnke, S., Schmidt, A. F., Geradt, M., & Hoyer, J. (2015). Stigma-related stress and its correlates among men with pedophilic sexual interests. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(8), 2173–2187. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0503-7
  • Jara, G. A., & Jeglic, E. (2021). Changing public attitudes toward minor attracted persons: An evaluation of an anti-stigma intervention. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 27(3), 299–312. doi:10.1080/13552600.2020.1863486
  • King, L. L., & Roberts, J. J. (2017). The complexity of public attitudes toward sex crimes. Victims & Offenders, 12(1), 71–89. doi:10.1080/15564886.2015.1005266
  • Lawrence, A. L., & Willis, G. M. (2021). Understanding and challenging stigma associated with sexual interest in children: A systematic review. International Journal of Sexual Health, 33(2), 144–162. doi:10.1080/19317611.2020.1865498
  • Levenson, J. S., & Grady, M. D. (2019a). “I could never work with those people…”: Secondary prevention of child sexual abuse via a brief training for therapists about pedophilia. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(20), 4281–4302. doi:10.1177/0886260519869238
  • Levenson, J. S., & Grady, M. D. (2019b). Preventing sexual abuse: Perspectives of minor-attracted persons about seeking help. Sexual Abuse, 31(8), 991–1013. doi:10.1177/1079063218797713
  • Levenson, J. S., Willis, G. M., & Vicencio, C. P. (2017). Obstacles to help-seeking for sexual offenders: Implications for prevention of sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 26(2), 99–120. doi:10.1080/10538712.2016.1276116
  • Lievesley, R., & Harper, C. A. (2022). Applying desistance principles to improve wellbeing and prevent child sexual abuse among minor-attracted persons. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 28(1), 1–14. doi:10.1080/13552600.2021.1883754
  • Lievesley, R., Elliott, H., & Hocken, K. (2018). Future directions: Moving forward with sexual crime prevention. In R. Lievesley, K. Hocken, H. Elliott, B. Winder, N. Blagden, & P. Banyard (Eds.), Sexual crime and prevention (pp. 181–200). Cham: Springer Nature.
  • Lievesley, R., Harper, C. A., & Elliott, H. (2020). The internalization of social stigma among minor-attracted persons: Implications for treatment. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(4), 1291–1304. doi:10.1007/s10508-019-01569-x
  • Lievesley, R., Harper, C. A., & Swaby, H. (2022a). Exploring the effect of specialist training on professional practices when working with minor-attracted persons. Journal of Sexual Aggression. [Revised manuscript submitted]
  • Lievesley, R., Swaby, H., Harper, C. A., & Woodward, E. (2022b). Primary health professionals’ beliefs, experiences, and willingness to treat minor attracted persons. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 51(2), 923–943. doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02271-7
  • Locati, F., Rossi, G., & Parolin, L. (2019). Interactive dynamics among therapist interventions, therapeutic alliance and metacognition in the early stages of the psychotherapeutic process. Psychotherapy Research, 29(1), 112–122. doi:10.1080/10503307.2017.1314041
  • McPhail, I., Olver, M., Brouillette-Alarie, S., & Looman, J. (2018). Taxometric analysis of the latent structure of pedophilic interest. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47, 2223–2240. doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1225-4
  • Neff, K. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. doi:10.1080/15298860309027
  • Nienhuis, J. B., Owen, J., Valentine, J. C., Black, S. W., Halford, T. C., Parazak, S. E., Budge, S., & Hilsenroth, M. (2018). Therapeutic alliance, empathy, and genuineness in individual adult psychotherapy: A meta-analytic review. Psychotherapy Research, 28(4), 593–605. doi:10.1080/10503307.2016.1204023
  • Parr, J., & Pearson, D. (2019). Non-offending minor-attracted persons: Professional practitioners’ views on the barriers to seeking and receiving their help. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 28(8), 945–967. doi:10.1080/10538712.2019.1663970
  • Piché, L., Mathesius, J., Lussier, P., & Schweighofer, A. (2018). Preventative services for sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse, 30(1), 63–81. doi:10.1177/1079063216630749
  • Roche, K., & Stephens, S. (2022). Clinician stigma and willingness to treat those with sexual interest in children. Sexual Offending: Theory, Research, and Prevention, 17, 1–13. doi:10.5964/sotrap.5463
  • Rubin, M. (2017). Do p values lose their meaning in exploratory analyses? It depends how you define the familywise error rate. General Review of Psychology, 21(3), 269–275. doi:10.1037/gpr0000123
  • Santtila, P., Antfolk, J., Räfså, A., Hartwig, M., Sariola, H., Sandnabba, N. K., & Mokros, A. (2015). Men’s sexual interest in children: One-year incidence and correlates in a population-based sample of Finnish male twins. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 24(2), 115–134. doi:10.1080/10538712.2015.997410
  • Schmidt, A. F., Mokros, A., & Banse, R. (2013). Is pedophilic sexual preference continuous? A taxometric analysis based on direct and indirect measures. Psychological Assessment, 25(4), 1146–1153. doi:10.1037/a0033326
  • Seto, M. C. (2012). Is pedophilia a sexual orientation? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(1), 231–236. doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9882-6
  • Seto, M. C. (2017). The puzzle of male chronophilias. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(1), 3–22. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0799-y
  • Seto, M. C. (2018). Pedophilia and sexual offending against children: Theory, assessment, and intervention (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Seto, M. C. (2019). The motivation-facilitation model of sexual offending. Sexual Abuse, 31(1), 3–24. doi:10.1177/1079063217720919
  • Stephens, S., Cantor, J. M., Goodwill, A. M., & Seto, M. C. (2017). Multiple indicators of sexual interest in prepubescent or pubescent children as predictors of sexual recidivism. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(6), 585–595. doi:10.1037/ccp0000194
  • Stephens, S., McPhail, I., Heasman, A., & Moss, S. (2021). Mandatory reporting and clinician decision-making when a client discloses sexual interest in children. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 53(3), 263–273. doi:10.1037/cbs0000247
  • Stephens, S., Seto, M. C., Cantor, J. M., & Lalumière, M. L. (2019). The revised screening scale for pedophilic interests (SSPI-2) may be a measure of pedohebephilia. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 16(10), 1655–1663. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.07.015
  • Stevens, E., & Wood, J. (2019). “I despise myself for thinking about them”: A thematic analysis of the mental health implications and employed coping mechanisms of self-reported non-offending minor attracted persons. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 28(8), 968–989. doi:10.1080/10538712.2019.1657539
  • Stiels-Glenn, M. (2010). The availability of outpatient psychotherapy for pedophiles in Germany. Recht & Psychiatrie, 28(2), 74–80.
  • Swaby, H. & Lievesley, R. (2022). “Falling through the cracks”: A retrospective exploration of the barriers to help-seeking among men convicted of sexual crimes. Sexual Abuse (Forthcoming).
  • Tenbergen, G., Martinez-Dettamanti, M., Christiansen, C. (2021). Can nonoffending pedophiles be reached for the primary prevention of child sexual abuse by addressing nonoffending individuals who are attracted to minors in the United States? New strategies with The Global Prevention Project. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 27(4), 265–277. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000561
  • Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., Parkinson, J., Secker, J., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): Development and UK validation. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5, e63. 10.1186/1477-7525-5-63
  • Walker, A. (2021). A long, dark shadow: Minor-attracted people and their pursuit of dignity. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.
  • Walker, A., Butters, R. P., & Nichols, E. (2022). “I would report it even if they have not committed anything”: Social service students’ attitudes toward minor-attracted people. Sexual Abuse, 34(1), 52–77. doi:10.1177/1079063221993480
  • Ward, T., & Beech, A. (2006). An integrated theory of sexual offending. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(1), 44–63. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2005.05.002
  • Ward, T., & Marshall, W. L. (2004). Good lives, aetiology and the rehabilitation of sex offenders: A bridging theory. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 10(2), 153–169. doi:10.1080/13552600412331290102
  • Ward, T., & Siegert, R. J. (2002). Toward a comprehensive theory of child sexual abuse: A theory knitting perspective. Psychology, Crime & Law, 8(4), 319–351. doi:10.1080/10683160208401823
  • Ward, T., Mann, R. E., & Gannon, T. A. (2007). The good lives model of offender rehabilitation: Clinical implications. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12(1), 87–107. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2006.03.004
  • Winder, B, Fedoroff, J. P., Grubin, D., Klapilová, K., Kamenskov, M., Tucker, D., Basinskaya, I. A., & Vvedensky, G. E. (2019). The pharmacologic treatment of problematic sexual interests, paraphilic disorders, and sexual preoccupation in adult men who have committed a sexual offence. International Review of Psychiatry, 31(2), 159–168. doi:10.1080/09540261.2019.1577223