The Predisposition of High School Students to Engage in Collective Strategies of Problem Solving

References

• Almond , G. A. and Verba , S. 1965 . Civic culture. Boston , MA : Little, Brown. .
   Google Scholar
• Aristotle . 1981 . “ The politics. ” . In The great political theories Volume 1: From Plato and Aristotle to Locke and Montesquieu Edited by: Curtis , M. 64 – 101 . New York , NY : Avon Books. . (Original publication not known)
   Google Scholar
• Baldi , S. , Perie , M. , Skidmore , D. , Greenberg , E. , Hahn , C. and Nelson , D. 2001 . What democracy means to ninth-graders: U.S. results from the International IEA civic education study. Washington , DC : U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. . (NCES Report No. 2001–096)
   Google Scholar
• Barone , M. 2001 . The new Americans: How the melting pot can work again. Washington , DC : Regnery Publishing, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Bellah , R. N. , Madsen , R. , Sullivan , W. M. , Swidler , A. and Tipton , S. M. 1985 . Habits of the heart: Individualism and commitment in American life. New York , NY : Harper and Row, Publishers. .
   Google Scholar
• Bellah , R. N. , Madsen , R. , Sullivan , W. M. , Swidler , A. and Tipton , S. M. 1991 . The good society. New York , NY : Alfred A. Knopf. .
   Google Scholar
• Brophy , J. E. 1991 . “ Effective schooling for disadvantaged students. ” . In Better schooling for the children of poverty: Alternatives to conventional wisdom Edited by: Knapp , M. S. and Shield , P. S. 211 – 234 . Berkeley , CA : McCutchan Publishing Corporation. .
   Google Scholar
• Census Bureau, U. S . 2002 . Accessed through the internet, URL address http://census.gov
   Google Scholar
• Cherryholmes , C. H. 1996 . “ Critical pedagogy and social education. ” . In Handbook on teaching social issues: NCSS bulletin Vol. 93 , 75 – 80 . Washington , DC : National Council of the Social Studies. .
   Google Scholar
• Concerned Educators Allied for a Safe Environment (CEASE) . 2000 . The effect of violence on children's lives (Information sheet #10). New York , NY : Teacher College Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Dweck , C. S. 2000 . Self-theories: Their role in motivation, personality, and development Philadelphia , PA : Psychology Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Ehman , Lee H. 1980 . The American school in the political socialization process . Review of Educational Research , 50 : 99 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elazar , D. J. 1966 . American federalism: A view from the states. New York , NY : Thomas Y. Crowell Company. .
   Google Scholar
• Elazar , D. J. 1991 . Federal models of (civil) authority . Journal of Church and State , 33 : 231 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elazar , D. J. 1994 . “ How federal is the Constitution? Thoroughly. ” . In In a booklet of readings, Readings for classes taught by Professor Elazar 1 – 30 . prepared for a National Endowment for the Humanities Institute. Conducted in Steamboat Springs, Colorado
   Google Scholar
• Elazar , D. J. 1998 . Constitutionalizing globalization: The postmodern revival of confederal arrangements Lanham , MD : Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Elkins , S. and McKitrick , E. 1993 . The age of federalism: The early American republic, 1788–1800. New York , NY : Oxford University Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Ellis , B. E. 1996 . Why kids are ruining America . George , : 96 – 98 . 128 (June/July)
   Google Scholar
• Erickson , E. 1968 . Identity: Youth and crisis. New York , NY : Norton. .
   Google Scholar
• Euchner , C. C. 1996 . Extraordinary politics: How protest and dissent are changing American democracy Boulder , CO : Westview Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Gest , T. and Pope , V. 1996 . Crime time bomb . U. S. News and World Report , : 28 – 36 . (March)
   Google Scholar
• Gutierrez , R. 2003 . Our federalist roots: A neglected past? . Theory and Research in Social Education , 31 : 218 – 242 .
   Google Scholar
• Gutierrez , R. 1998 . The usefulness and appropriateness of a federalist perspective as a theoretical construct for the study of government and civics at the secondary level (UMI number: 9835826)
   Google Scholar
• Gutierrez , R. and Subedi , B. 2003 . A survey instrument that measures the predisposition toward supporting collective decision making among high school students . The Journal of Social Studies Research , 27 : 28 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Hepburn , M. 2000 . “Service learning and civic education in the schools: What does recent research tell us?. ” . In Education for civic engagement in democracy: Service learning and other promising practices Edited by: Mann , S. and Patrick , J. 45 – 59 . Bloomington , IN : ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Science Education. .
   Google Scholar
• Huntington , S. P. 2004 . Who are we?: The challenges to America's national identity New York : Simon and Schuster. .
   Google Scholar
• Kerlinger , F. N. 1986 . Foundations of behavioral research, third edition. Fort Worth , TX : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers. .
   Google Scholar
• Kohlberg , L. 2000 . “ The cognitive-development approach to moral education. ” . In Curriculum planning: A contemporary approach Edited by: Parkay , F. W. and Hass , G. 136 – 148 . Boston : Allyn and Bacon. .
   Google Scholar
• Langton , K. and Jennings , M. K. 1968 . Political socialization and the high school civics curriculum in the United States . American Political Science Review , 62 : 852 – 867 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasswell , H. 1950 . Politics: Who gets what, when, and how. New York : Peter Smith. .
   Google Scholar
• Lipset , S. M. 1996 . American exceptionalism: A double-edged sword. New York : W. W. Norton and Company. .
   Google Scholar
• Lowi , T. J. 1979 . The end of liberalism: The second republic of the United States New York : W. W. Norton & Company. .
   Google Scholar
• Lutz , D. S. 1988 . The origins of American constitutionalism. Baton Rouge , LA : Louisiana State University Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Marcridis , R. C. 1986 . “ Groups and group theory. ” . In Comparative politics: Notes and readings Edited by: Marcridis , R. C. and Brown , B. E. 281 – 287 . Chicago : The Dorsey Press. .
   Google Scholar
• National Association of Secretaries of State . 1999 . New millennium project: American youth attitudes on politics, citizenship, government, and voting Lexington , KY : NASS. .
   Google Scholar
• National Council for the Social Studies . 2001 . Creating effective citizens: A position statement of National Council for the Social Studies . Social Education , 65 : 319 Newsweek. (2000, October 9). The rap on rap, pp. 58–65
   Google Scholar
• Nie , N. H. , June , J. and Stehlik-Barry , K. 1996 . Education and democratic citizenship in America. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Niemi , R. and Chapman , C. 1998 . The civic development of 9th – through 12th – grade students in the United States: 1996. Washington , DC : U. S. Department of Education, NCES. .
   Google Scholar
• Osterman , K. F. 2000 . Students’ need for belonging in the school community . Review of Educational Research , 70 : 323 – 367 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , Walter C. 2001 . “ Toward enlightened political engagement. ” . In Critical issues in social studies research for the 21st century Edited by: Stanley , W. B. 97 – 118 . Greenwich , CT : Information Age Publishing. .
   Google Scholar
• Patrick , J. J. and Vontz , T. S. 2001 . “ Components of education for democratic citizenship in the preparation of social studies teachers. ” . In Principles and practices of democracy in the education of social studies teachers: Civic learning in teacher education, Vol. 1 Edited by: Patrick , J. J. and Leming , R. S. 39 – 64 . Bloomington , IN : ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Education. .
   Google Scholar
• People for the American Way . 1989 . Democracy's next generation: A study of youth and teachers. Washington , DC : People for the American Way. .
   Google Scholar
• Powers , R. 2001 . Tom and Huck don't live here anymore: Childhood and murder in the heart of America New York : St. Martin Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , R. D. 1993 . Making democracy work: Civic tradition in modern Italy. Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , R. D. 2000 . Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community New York : Simon and Schuster. .
   Google Scholar
• Riedel , E. , Gonzalez , M. H. , Avery , P. G. and Sullivan , J. L. 2001 . Rights and obligations in civic education: A content analysis of the National Standards for Civics and Government . Theory and Research in Social Education , 29 : 109 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Rury , J. L. 2002 . Democracy's high school? Social change and American secondary education in the post-Conant era . American Educational Research Journal , 39 : 307 – 336 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandel , M. J. 1996 . Democracy's discontent: America in search of a public philosophy. Cambridge , MA : The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Schattschneider , E. E. 1960 . The semi-sovereign people: A realist's view of democracy in America. New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston. .
   Google Scholar
• Schneider , W. 2004 . Contributing report on CNN television broadcast . Inside Politics. , Aired on April 28, 2004
   Google Scholar
• Torney-Purta , J. , Lehmann , R. , Oswald , H. and Schulz , W. 2001 . Citizenship and education in twenty-eight countries: Civic knowledge and engagement at age fourteen. Amsterdam : International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. .
   Google Scholar
• USA Today . 2004 . Websites USAToday.com
   Google Scholar
• Vontz , T. S. , Metcalf , K. K. and Patrick , J. J. 2000 . Project Citizen and the Civic Development of Adolescent Students in Indiana, Latvia, and Lithuania. Bloomington , IN : ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Science Education. .
   Google Scholar
• Wade , R. and Saxe , D. 1996 . Community service learning in the social studies: Historical roots, empirical evidence, critical issues . Theory and Research in Social Education , 24 : 331 – 359 .
   Google Scholar
• Wayne , S. J. , Mackenzie , G. C. , O'Brien , D. M. and Cole , R. L. 1995 . The politics of American government: foundations, participation, and institutions. New York : St. Martin's Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Williamson , I. , Gonzalez , M. H. , Avery , P. G. , Sullivan , J. L. , Riedel , E. and Bos , A. 2003 . Collectivistic values and individualistic language as predictors of endorsement of citizenship activities among high school students . Theory and Research in Social Education , 31 : 203 – 217 .
   Google Scholar
• Wurman , R. S. 1999 . Understanding. Newport , RI : TED Conferences, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Zaff , J. F. and Michelsen , E. 2001 . Background for community-level work on positive citizenship in adolescence: reviewing the literature on contributing factors ERIC document number ED467079
   Google Scholar