NOTES
- Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, rev. ed. (1962; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970).
- Thomas L. Haskell, “Deterministic Implications of Intellectual History,” in John Higham and Paul K. Conkin, eds., New Directions in American Intellectual History (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979), p. 141. For implications of Kuhn's thought to historians, see perceptive essays by Robert F. Berkhofer Jr., “Does History Have a Future? The Challenge of New Ways of Understanding Past Human Behavior for Traditional Historical Analysis,” (Delivered at the Organization of American Historians, Denver, April 19, 1974), and David A. Hollinger, “T.S. Kuhn's Theory of Science and Its Implications for History,” American Historical Review 78 (April, 1974): 370–93.
- For shaping my thinking on the nature of intellectual breakthrough and particularly on the concept of “stranger”, I am indebted to Charles Axelrod, Studies in Intellectual Breakthrough: Freud, Simmel, Buber (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1979), pp. 1–13.
- Axelrod, Studies in Intellectual Breakthrough, pp. 4, 5 and 8.
- Edwin Emery and Michael Emery, The Press and America: An Interpretative History of the Mass Media, 4th ed. (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1978), pp. vii-x.
- Here I am not implying a specific woman's “nature” or implying that particular kinds of experience are exclusive to women. I am describing some experiences with which women have characteristically been associated or that have been attributed traditionally to women. See Zena Beth McGlashan's comment on “different” perceptions attributed to women, much of which “we now believe comes through the socialization of human beings.” “The Evolving Status of Newspaperwomen” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Iowa, 1978.
- Jean Baker Miller, Toward a New Psychology of Women (Boston: Beacon Press, 1976), p. 94.
- See James Carey on Whig history: “the story of growth, expansion and consolidation of freedom,” review of George N. Gordon, The Communications Revolution, Journalism History 5 (Spring 1978): 22.
- Meyer Berger, The Story of the New York Times (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1951), pp. vii-xii; Emery and Emery, The Press and America, p. xv.
- “A study of the Afro-American past,” Otey M. Scruggs points out, “with its tragedy and its irony, would do much to alter our romantic notion that the United States… has been destined… to escape the tragedies and ambiguities that have been the fate of other nations,” in William G. Shade and Roy C. Herrenkohl, eds., Seven on Black: Reflections on the Negro Experience in America (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1969), p. 18; Vincent Harding, “The Uses of the Afro-American Past,” Negro Digest, (February 1968): 22–25.
- Catherine L. Covert, “‘Passion Is Ye Prevailing Motive’: the Feud Behind the Zenger Case,” Journalism Quarterly 50 (Spring, 1973): 3–10. Association of women's experience with the themes of suffering, vulnerability and failure has been deplored by some feminist critics as implying a “negative” view of women. I argue, to the contrary, that using women's experience to bring this suppressed side of life into full historic consciousness recognizes the positive value these experiences can have in the lives of both men and women, and creates a more realistic history.
- See for example such a statement as that of Fred Weinstein and Gerald M. Platt in The Wish to be Free: Society, Psyche and Value Change (1969; Berkeley, University of California Press, 1st Paperback Edition, 1973), p. 1. “Classical western concepts of freedom characteristically assumed that man has rational control over his faculties, that he can order his actions and effect calculated changes in his environment…” Such a statement while treating major western assumptions also makes assumptions, i.e., that rationality and actions are valid central concepts around which to organize thought.
- Clifford G. Christians and Catherine L. Covert, Teaching Ethics in Journalism Education (Hastings-on-Hudson, N.Y.: The Hastings Center, 1980), pp. 43–5.
- Harold L. Nelson and Dwight L. Teeter, Jr. Law of Mass Communications: Freedom and Control of Print and Broadcast Media, 5th ed., (Mineola, N.Y.: The Foundation Press, Inc., 1969), p. 159; Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Locked Rooms and Open Doors: Diaries and Letters, 1933–1935 (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974), pp. 247–49; L. Bergquist, ed., “Visit with the Indomitable Rose Kennedy,” Look 32 (November 26, 1968), pp. 25–34.
- Miller, Psychology of Women, p. 38.
- Warren Francke, “An Argument in Defense of Sensationalism, Probing the Popular and Historiographical Content,” Journalism History 5 (Autumn, 1978): 70-3; Kenneth D. Nordin, “The Entertaining Press: Sensationalism in Eighteenth Century Boston Newspapers,” Communication Research 6 (July, 1979): 295–320.
- On the female figure as symbolizing communalism and concord, see Edward Muir, “Images of Power: Art and Pageantry in Renaissance Venice,” The American Historical Review 84 (February, 1979): 18; on women as builders of community, see Gerda Lerner, The Majority Finds Its Past (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979), p. 165.
- Susan Henry, “Private Lives: An Added Dimension for Understanding Journalism History”, Journalism History 6 (Winter, 1979–80): 98–102.
- Clifford G. Christians, Quentin J. Schultze and Norman H. Sims, “Community, Epistomology and Mass Media Ethics,” Journalism History 5 (Summer, 1978).
- Richard A. Schwarzlose, “The Nation's First Wire Service: Evidence Supporting a Footnote,” Paper delivered to the History Division, Association for Educucation in Journalism, Houston, Tex., August, 1979.
- Loren Ghiglione, “Small-Town Journalism Has Some Big Ethical Headaches”, in Bernard Rubin, Questioning Media Ethics (New York: Praeger, 1978), p. 171. Ghiglione can list closeness of the owner in the community and to the paper, the citizens' sense of the paper as almost literally belonging to them, lack of separation between paper and community as “major weaknesses,” as inhibiting investigative reporting.
- Lucy Salmon, The Newspaper and the Historian (New York; Oxford University Press, 1923), p. 470.
- George N. Gordon, The Communications Revolution: A History of Mass Media in the United States (New York: Hastings House, 1977), pp. v-viii.
- Laurence Veysey, “Intellectual History and the New Social History,” New Directions in American Intellectual History, p. 7.
- Lucy R. Lippard, “Making Something from Nothing,” Heresies, 1 (Winter, 1977–78) 64; “Mrs. Farenthold to Resign Presidency of Wells College”, New York Times, Oct. 13, 1979.
- Emery and Emery, The Press and America, p. 165; Allan Nevins, “Historical Treatment of U.S. Journalism,” Journalism Quarterly 36 (1959): 411-17; Timothy Crouse, The Boys on the Bus (New York: Ballantine Books, 1972–73), p. 321; Tom Wolfe, The Right Stuff (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1979), p. 120. A vast literature has of course accured around theories of cyclical change in history; almost none has been reflected in American journalism history. Of significance is David D. Hall's convincing argument for “two major rhythms” in the print marketplace of the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe and New England, “one rhythm of change, the other of repetition.” He perceives a “constant recycling of tried and true literary products accompanied |by| the publication of new styles and genres.” Higham and Conkin, New Directions in American Intellectual History, p. 168.
- Paul K. Conkin, “Afterword,” New Directions in American Intellectual History, p. 234.