Rural and urban substance use differences: Effects of the transition to college

References

• US Census Bureau. 2010 Census urban and rural classification and urban area criteria. United States Department of Commerce, Washington, DC; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• American Lung Association. Cutting tobacco’s rural roots: tobacco use in rural communities. 2016; Available from: http://www.lung.org/assets/documents/research/cutting-tobaccos-rural-roots.pdf [last accessed 25 May 2016].
   Google Scholar
• Lutfiyya MN, Shah KK, Johnson M, et al. Adolescent daily cigarette smoking: is rural residency a risk factor? Rural Remote Health 2008;8:875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gfroerer JC, Larson SL, Colliver JD. Drug use patterns and trends in rural communities. J Rural Health 2007;23:10–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronk CE, Sarvela PD. Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use among rural/small town and urban youth: a secondary analysis of the monitoring the future data set. Am J Publ Health 1997;87:760–764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon MA, Chartier KG. Alcohol use patterns among urban and rural residents. Alcohol Res Curr Rev 2016;1:69–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley D, Bird DC, Dempsey P. Rural mental health and substance abuse. In: Ricketts TC, ed. Rural health in the United States. New York: Oxford University Press; 1999:159–178.
   Google Scholar
• Borders TF, Booth BM. Rural, suburban, and urban variations in alcohol consumption in the United States: findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Rural Health 2007;23:314–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: summary of National Findings. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes TL, Wilsnack SC, Kantor LW. The influence of gender and sexual orientation on alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. Alcohol Res Curr Rev 2016;38:121–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan SC, Strycker LA, Duncan TE. Alcohol use of African Americans and whites from ages 9–20: descriptive results from a longitudinal study. J Ethn Subst Abuse Jul 2012;11:214–225.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Booth BM, Curran GM. Variations in drinking patterns in the rural South: joint effects of race, gender, and rural residence. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2006;32:561–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanley LR, Henry KL, Swaim RC. Physical, social, and perceived availabilities of alcohol and last month alcohol use in rural and small urban communities. J Youth Adolesc 2011;40:1203–1214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center for Educational Statistics. Back to school statistics. 2015; Available from: http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=372 [last accessed 27 March 2017].
   Google Scholar
• National Student Clearinghouse Research Center. Current Term Enrollment Estimates – Fall 2015. 2015; Available from: https://nscresearchcenter.org/currenttermenrollmentestimate-fall2015/ [last accessed 16 May 2016].
   Google Scholar
• Mohler-Kuo M, Lee JE, Wechsler H. Trends in marijuana and other illicit drug use among college students: results from the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study surveys: 1993–2001. J Am Coll Health 2003;52:17−24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White HR, Labouvie EW, Papadaratsakis V. Changes in substance use during the transition to adulthood: a comparison of college students and their non-college age peers. J Drug Issues 2005;35:281–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett JJ. Emerging adulthood: a theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. Am Psychol 2000;55:469–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slutske WS, Hunt-Carter EE, Nabors-Oberg RE, et al. Do college students drink more than their non-college-attending peers? Evidence from a population-based longitudinal female twin study. J Abnorm Psychol 2004;113:530–540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews JA, Tildesley E, Hops H, Li F. The influence of peers on young adult substance use. Health Psychol 2002;21:349–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiesner J, Kerr M. Families, peers, and contexts as multiple determinants of adolescent problem behavior. J Adolesc 2004;27:493–495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobus K. Peers and adolescent smoking. Addiction 2003;98:37–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura A. Social learning theory of aggression. In: Knutson JF, ed. The control of aggression: implications from basic research. Chicago: Aldine; 1973.
   Google Scholar
• Oetting ER, Beauvais F. Peer cluster theory: drugs and the adolescent. J Couns Dev 1986;65:17–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dishion TJ, Andrews DW. Preventing escalation in problem behaviors with high-risk young adolescents: immediate and 1-year outcomes. J Consult Clin Psychol 1995;63:538–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons-Morton B, Chen RS. Over time relationships between early adolescent and peer substance use. Addict Behav 2006;31:1211–1223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iannotti RJ, Bush PJ, Weinfurt KP. Perception of friends’ use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana among urban schoolchildren: a longitudinal analysis. Addict Behav 1996;21:615–632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Thornton A, et al. The life history calendar: a research and clinical assessment method for collecting retrospective event-history data. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 1996;6:101–114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flory K, Lynam D, Milich R, Leukefeld C, Clayton R. Early adolescent through young adult alcohol and marijuana use trajectories: early predictors, young adult outcomes, and predictive utility. Dev Psychopathol 2004;16:193–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar