761
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Resilience and psychiatric symptoms as mediators between perceived stress and non-medical use of prescription drugs among college students

ORCID Icon, &
Pages 120-130 | Received 10 Jan 2019, Accepted 31 Jul 2019, Published online: 23 Aug 2019

References

  • McCabe SE, Teter CJ, Boyd CJ. Medical use, illicit use and diversion of prescription stimulant medication. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2006;38:43–56. doi:10.1080/02791072.2006.10399827.
  • Juan W, Jian-Xiong D, Lan G, Yuan H, Xue G, Jing-Hui H, Guo-Liang H, Ci-Yong L. Non-medical use of psychoactive drugs in relation to suicide tendencies among Chinese adolescents. Addict Behav. 2015;51:31–37. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.003.
  • Martins SS, Fenton MC, Keyes KM, Blanco C, Zhu H, Storr CL. Mood and anxiety disorders and their association with non-medical prescription opioid use and prescription opioid-use disorder: longitudinal evidence from the national epidemiologic study on alcohol and related conditions. Psychol Med. 2012;42:1261–72. doi:10.1017/S0033291711002145.
  • Zullig KJ, Divin AL. The association between non-medical prescription drug use, depressive symptoms, and suicidality among college students. Addict Behav. 2012;37:890–99. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.05.016.
  • Muhuri PK, Gfroerer JC, Davies MC. Associations of nonmedical pain reliever use and initiation of heroin use in the United States. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality; 2013. Available from: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/DR006/DR006/nonmedical-pain-reliever-use-2013.htm.
  • Colliver JD, Kroutil LA, Dai L, Gfroerer JC. Misuse of prescription drugs: data from the 2002, 2003, and 2004 national surveys on drug use and health. Rockville (MD): Subst Abus Ment Heal Serv Adm Off Appl Stud; 2006.
  • Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain-United States, 2016. JAMA. 2016;315:1624–45. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1464.
  • Hall AJ, Logan JE, Toblin RL, Kaplan JA, Kraner JC, Bixler D, Crosby AE, Paulozzi LJ. Patterns of abuse among unintentional pharmaceutical overdose fatalities. JAMA. 2008;300:2613–20. doi:10.1001/jama.2008.802.
  • Substance Use and Mental Health Administration. Results from the 2015 national survey on drug use and health. Rockville (MD): 2015 Natl Surv Drug Use Heal; 2016. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.11.022.
  • Bavarian N, Flay BR, Ketcham PL, Smit E. The illicit use of prescription stimulants on college campuses: a theory-guided systematic review. Heal Educ Behav. 2015;42:719–29. doi:10.1177/1090198115580576.
  • McCabe SE, West BT, Teter CJ, Boyd CJ. Trends in medical use, diversion, and nonmedical use of prescription medications among college students from 2003 to 2013: connecting the dots. Addict Behav. 2014;39:1176–82. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.03.008.
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: results from the 2016 national survey on drug use and health. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2017.
  • Arria AM, Wilcox HC, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB, Garnier-Dykstra LM, O’Grady KE. Dispelling the myth of “smart drugs”: cannabis and alcohol use problems predict nonmedical use of prescription stimulants for studying. Addict Behav. 2013;38:1643–50. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.10.002.
  • Benotsch EG, Koester S, Luckman D, Martin AM, Cejka A. Non-medical use of prescription drugs and sexual risk behavior in young adults. Addict Behav. 2011;36:152–55. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.01.008.
  • Benotsch EG, Martin AM, Koester S, Mason MJ, Jeffers AJ, Snipes DJ. Driving under the influence of prescription drugs used nonmedically: associations in a young adult sample. Subst Abus. 2015;36:99–105. doi:10.1080/08897077.2013.854287.
  • McCreary DR, Sadava SW. Stress, alcohol use and alcohol-related problems: the influence of negative and positive affect in two cohorts of young adults. J Stud Alcohol. 2000;61:466–74. doi:10.15288/jsa.2000.61.466.
  • Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Coping and adaptation. Handb Behav Med. New York (NY): WD Gentry (Ed); 1984:282–325.
  • Ford JA, Schroeder RD. Academic strain and non-medical use of prescription stimulants among college students. Deviant Behav. 2009;30:26–53.
  • Mattanah JF, Hancock GR, Brand BL. Parental attachment, separation-individuation, and college student adjustment: a structural equation analysis of mediational effects. J Couns Psychol. 2004. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.51.2.213.
  • Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24:385. doi:10.2307/2136404.
  • Eisenbarth C. Does self-esteem moderate the relations among perceived stress, coping, and depression? Coll Stud J. 2012;46:149–58.
  • Dixon SK, Kurpius SER. Depression and college stress among university undergraduates: do mattering and self-esteem make a difference? J Coll Stud Dev. 2008;49:412–24. doi:10.1353/csd.0.0024.
  • Rice KG, Van Arsdale AC. Perfectionism, perceived stress, drinking to cope, and alcohol-related problems among college students. J Couns Psychol. 2010;57:439. doi:10.1037/a0020221.
  • DeSoto W, Tajalli H, Smith CL, Pino NW. College students and alcohol abuse: a test of social learning, strain, and acculturation theories. World Med Heal Policy. 2014;6:262–79. doi:10.1002/wmh3.101.
  • Magid V, Colder CR, Stroud LR, Nichter M, Nichter M, Members T. Negative affect, stress, and smoking in college students: unique associations independent of alcohol and marijuana use. Addict Behav. 2009;34:973–75. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.05.007.
  • White BP, Grace-Bishop K, Ciali L. Non-medical use of prescription stimulants among college students: an updated report. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2016;4:21–30.
  • Betancourt J, Ríos JL, Pagán I, Fabián C, González AM, Cruz SY, González MJ, Rivera WT, Palacios C. Non-medical use of prescription drugs and its association with socio-demographic characteristics, dietary pattern, and perceived academic load and stress in college students in Puerto Rico. P R Health Sci J. 2013;32:89–94.
  • Looby A, Earleywine M. Psychometric evaluation of a prescription stimulant expectancy questionnaire. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010;18:375–83. doi:10.1037/a0019347.
  • Kadison R. Getting an edge—use of stimulants and antidepressants in college. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1089–91. doi:10.1056/NEJMp058047.
  • Connor KM, Davidson JRT. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18:76–82. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1520-6394.
  • Luthar SS, Zigler E. Vulnerability and competence: a review of research on resilience in childhood. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1991;61:6. doi:10.1037/h0079218.
  • Hart KE, Sasso T. Mapping the contours of contemporary positive psychology. Can Psychol. 2011;52:82–92. doi:10.1037/a0023118.
  • Grych J, Hamby S, Banyard V. The resilience portfolio model: understanding healthy adaptation in victims of violence. Psychol Violence. 2015;5:343–54. doi:10.1037/a0039671.
  • Lyons JA. Strategies for assessing the potential for positive adjustment following trauma. J Trauma Stress. 1991;4:93–111. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1573-6598.
  • Rutter M. Resilience in the face of adversity: protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1985;147:598–611. doi:10.1192/bjp.147.6.598.
  • Farley Y. Making the connection: spirituality, trauma, and resiliency. J Relig Spiritual Soc Work. 2007;26:1–15.
  • Thompson RW, Arnkoff DB, Glass CR. Conceptualizing mindfulness and acceptance as components of psychological resilience to trauma. Trauma, Violence, Abuse. 2011;12:220–35. doi:10.1177/1524838011416375.
  • Wong CF, Silva K, Kecojevic A, Schrager SM, Bloom JJ, Iverson E, Lankenau SE. Coping and emotion regulation profiles as predictors of nonmedical prescription drug and illicit drug use among high-risk young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;132:165–71. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.01.024.
  • Keough KA, Zimbardo PG, Boyd JN. Who’s smoking, drinking, and using drugs? Time perspective as a predictor of substance use. Basic Appl Soc Psych. 1999;21:149–64. doi:10.1207/S15324834BA210207.
  • Chen X, Wang Y, Yan Y. The essential resilience scale: instrument development and prediction of perceived health and behaviour. Stress Heal. 2016;32:533–42. doi:10.1002/smi.v32.5.
  • Guo J, Chen L, Wang X, Liu Y, Chui CHK, He H, Qu Z, Tian D. The relationship between internet addiction and depression among migrant children and left-behind children in China. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2012;15:585–90. doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0261.
  • Wilks SE, Croom B. Perceived stress and resilience in Alzheimer’s disease caregivers: testing moderation and mediation models of social support. Aging Ment Health. 2008;12:357–65. doi:10.1080/13607860801933323.
  • Faircloth AL. Resilience as a mediator of the relationship between negative life events and psychological well-being. Electron Theses Diss[Internet]. 2017;1373. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1373
  • Jamshidi MA, Moghadam MF, Ghorbani S, Farhoush M. Self-efficacy and resilience as mediators in the relationship between test anxiety and spiritual intelligence among high school students in Qom. J Res Relig Heal. 2017;4:7–21.
  • Chi P, Li X, Du H, Tam CC, Zhao J, Zhao G. Does stigmatization wear down resilience? A longitudinal study among children affected by parental HIV. Pers Individ Dif. 2016;96:159–63. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.001.
  • Hu T, Zhang D, Wang J. A meta-analysis of the trait resilience and mental health. Pers Individ Dif. 2015;76:18–27. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.039.
  • Zhou Z-K, Liu -Q-Q, Niu G-F, Sun X-J, Fan C-Y. Bullying victimization and depression in Chinese children: a moderated mediation model of resilience and mindfulness. Pers Individ Dif. 2017;104:137–42. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.07.040.
  • Sawatzky RG, Ratner PA, Richardson CG, Washburn C, Sudmant W, Mirwaldt P. Stress and depression in students: the mediating role of stress management self-efficacy. Nurs Res. 2012;61:13–21. doi:10.1097/NNR.0b013e31823b1440.
  • Karatzias T, Jowett S, Yan E, Raeside R, Howard R. Depression and resilience mediate the relationship between traumatic life events and ill physical health: results from a population study. Psychol Heal Med. 2017;22:1021–31. doi:10.1080/13548506.2016.1257814.
  • Fishbein DH, Herman-Stahl M, Eldreth D, Paschall MJ, Hyde C, Hubal R, Hubbard S, Williams J, Ialongo N. Mediators of the stress-substance-use relationship in urban male adolescents. Prev Sci. 2006;7:113–26. doi:10.1007/s11121-006-0027-4.
  • Nadorff MR, Nazem S, Fiske A. Insomnia symptoms, nightmares, and suicidal ideation in a college student sample. Sleep. 2011;34:93–98. doi:10.1093/sleep/34.1.93.
  • McCabe SE, Boyd CJ. Sources of prescription drugs for illicit use. Addict Behav. 2005;30:1342–50. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.01.012.
  • Kohout FJ, Berkman LF, Evans DA, Cornoni-Huntley J. Two shorter forms of the CES-D depression symptoms index. J Aging Health. 1993;5:179–93. doi:10.1177/089826439300500202.
  • Kashdan TB, Steger MF. Expanding the topography of social anxiety. Psychol Sci. 2006;17:120–28. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01674.x.
  • Anderson JC, Gerbing DW. Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach. Psychol Bull. 1988;103:411–23. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411.
  • Muthén L, Muthén B. Mplus user’s guide. 8th ed. Los Angeles: Author; 2017.
  • Yu CY. Evaluation of cutoff criteria of model fit indices for latent variable models with binary and continuous outcomes [PhD dissertation]. Los Angeles (CA): University of California; 2002. doi:10.1.1.310.3956.
  • Sobel ME. Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociol Methodol. 1982;13:290. doi:10.2307/270723.
  • Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51:1173. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.
  • IBM SPSS statistics for windows. Version 20.0 [software]. Armonk (NY): IBM; 2013.
  • First J, First NL, Houston JB. Resilience and coping intervention (RCI): a group intervention to foster college student resilience. Soc Work Groups. 2018;41:198–210. doi:10.1080/01609513.2016.1272032.
  • Cohen F, Lazarus RS. Coping and adaptation in health and illness. Handb Heal Heal Care Heal Prof. New York (NY): Free Press, 1983;608–35.
  • Aroian KJ, Norris AE. Resilience, stress, and depression among russian immigrants to Israel. West J Nurs Res. 2000;22:54–67. doi:10.1177/01939450022044269.
  • Kenney SR, DiGuiseppi GT, Meisel MK, Balestrieri SG, Barnett NP. Poor mental health, peer drinking norms, and alcohol risk in a social network of first-year college students. Addict Behav. 2018;84:151–59. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.04.012.
  • Sinha R. How does stress increase risk of drug abuse and relapse? Psychopharmacology. 2001;158:343–59. doi:10.1007/s002130100917.
  • Parks KA, Levonyan-Radloff K, Przybyla SM, Darrow S, Muraven M, Hequembourg A. University student perceptions about the motives for and consequences of nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD). J Am Coll Heal. 2017;65:457–65. doi:10.1080/07448481.2017.1341895.
  • Steinhardt M, Dolbier C. Evaluation of a resilience intervention to enhance coping strategies and protective factors and decrease symptomatology. J Am Coll Heal. 2008;56:445–53. doi:10.3200/JACH.56.44.445-454.
  • Cook C, Heath F, Thompson R. A meta-analysis of response rates in web-or internet-based surveys. Educ Psychol Meas. 2000;60:821–36. doi:10.1177/00131640021970934.
  • American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: reference group executive summary Fall 2017. Hanover (MD): American College Health Association; 2018.
  • Sontag-Padilla L, Woodbridge MW, Mendelsohn J, D’Amico EJ, Osilla KC, Jaycox LH, Eberhart NK, Burnam AM, Stein BD. Factors affecting mental health service utilization among california public college and university students. Psychiatr Serv. 2016;67:890–97. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201500307.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.