Evaluating effects of episodic future thinking on valuation of delayed reward in cocaine use disorder: a pilot study

References

• Snider SE, DeHart WB, Epstein LH, Bickel WK. Does delay discounting predict maladaptive health and financial behaviors in smokers? Health Psychol. 2019;38:21–28. doi:10.1037/hea0000695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moody L, Franck C, Bickel WK. Comorbid depression, antisocial personality, and substance dependence: relationship with delay discounting. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;160:190–96. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patros CH, Alderson RM, Kasper LJ, Tarle SJ, Lea SE, Hudec KL. Choice-impulsivity in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;43:162–74. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.11.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bickel WK, Koffarnus MN, Moody L, Wilson AG. The behavioral- and neuro-economic process of temporal discounting: a candidate behavioral marker of addiction. Neuropharmacology. 2014;76 Pt B:518–27. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.06.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKillop J, Amlung MT, Few LR, Ray LA, Sweet LH, Munafò MR. Delayed reward discounting and addictive behavior: a meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology. 2011;216:305–21. doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2229-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rung JM, Madden GJ. Experimental reductions of delay discounting and impulsive choice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2018;147:1349–81. doi:10.1037/xge0000462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClure SM, Bickel WK. A dual-systems perspective on addiction: contributions from neuroimaging and cognitive training. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014;1327:62–78. doi:10.1111/nyas.12561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everitt BJ, Robbins TW. Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion. Nat Neurosci. 2005;8:1481–89. doi:10.1038/nn1579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechara A. Decision making, impulse control and loss of willpower to resist drugs: a neurocognitive perspective. Nat Neurosci. 2005;8:1458–63. doi:10.1038/nn1584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sofis M, Jarmolowicz DP, Martin L. Competing neurobehavioral decision systems and the neuroeconomics of craving in opioid addiction. Neurosci Neuroeconomics. 2014;3:87–98.
   Google Scholar
• Madden GJ, Petry NM, Badger GJ, Bickel WK. Impulsive and self-control choices in opioid-dependent patients and non-drug-using control participants: drug and monetary rewards. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997;5:256–62. doi:10.1037/1064-1297.5.3.256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffey SF, Gudleski GD, Saladin ME, Brady KT. Impulsivity and rapid discounting of delayed hypothetical rewards in cocaine-dependent individuals. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003;11:18–25. doi:10.1037/1064-1297.11.1.18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petry NM. Delay discounting of money and alcohol in actively using alcoholics, currently abstinent alcoholics, and controls. Psychopharmacology. 2001;154:243–50. doi:10.1007/s002130000638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amlung M, Sweet LH, Acker J, Brown CL, MacKillop J. Dissociable brain signatures of choice conflict and immediate reward preferences in alcohol use disorders. Addict Biol. 2014;19:743–53. doi:10.1111/adb.12017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monterosso JR, Ainslie G, Xu J, Cordova X, Domier CP, London ED. Frontoparietal cortical activity of methamphetamine-dependent and comparison subjects performing a delay discounting task. Hum Brain Mapp. 2007;28:383–93. doi:10.1002/hbm.20281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanger C, Elton A, Ryan SR, James GA, Budney AJ, Kilts CD. Neuroeconomics and adolescent substance abuse: individual differences in neural networks and delay discounting. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013;52:747–755.e746. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.04.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meade CS, Lowen SB, MacLean RR, Key MD, Lukas SE. fMRI brain activation during a delay discounting task in HIV-positive adults with and without cocaine dependence. Psychiatry Res. 2011;192:167–75. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.12.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman WF, Schwartz DL, Huckans MS, McFarland BH, Meiri G, Stevens AA, Mitchell SH. Cortical activation during delay discounting in abstinent methamphetamine dependent individuals. Psychopharmacology. 2008;201:183–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim AC, Cservenka A, Ray LA. Effects of alcohol dependence severity on neural correlates of delay discounting. Alcohol Alcoholism. 2017;52:506–15. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agx015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boettiger CA, Mitchell JM, Tavares VC, Robertson M, Joslyn G, D’Esposito M, Fields HL. Immediate reward bias in humans: fronto-parietal networks and a role for the catechol-O-methyltransferase 158(Val/Val) genotype. J Neurosci. 2007;27:14383–91. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2551-07.2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brody GH, Yu T, MacKillop J, Miller GE, Chen E, Obasi EM, Beach SRH. Catecholamine levels and delay discounting forecast drug use among African American youths. Addiction (Abingdon, England). 2014;109:1112–18. doi:10.1111/add.12516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khurana A, Romer D, Betancourt LM, Hurt H. Working memory ability and early drug use progression as predictors of adolescent substance use disorders. Addiction. 2017;112:1220–28. doi:10.1111/add.13792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khurana A, Romer D, Betancourt LM, Brodsky NL, Giannetta JM, Hurt H. Working memory ability predicts trajectories of early alcohol use in adolescents: the mediational role of impulsivity. Addiction. 2013;108:506–15. doi:10.1111/add.12001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Setlow B, Mendez IA, Mitchell MR, Simon NW. Effects of chronic administration of drugs of abuse on impulsive choice (delay discounting) in animal models. Behav Pharmacol. 2009;20:380–89. doi:10.1097/FBP.0b013e3283305eb4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein JS, Madden GJ. Delay discounting and drug abuse: empirical, conceptual, and methodological considerations. In: MacKillop M, de Wit H, eds. The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of addiction psychopharmacology. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013:165–208 p.
   Google Scholar
• Washio Y, Higgins ST, Heil SH, McKerchar TL, Badger GJ, Skelly JM, Dantona RL. Delay discounting is associated with treatment response among cocaine-dependent outpatients. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011;19:243–48. doi:10.1037/a0023617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanger C, Ryan SR, Fu H, Landes RD, Jones BA, Bickel WK, Budney AJ. Delay discounting predicts adolescent substance abuse treatment outcome. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012;20:205–12. doi:10.1037/a0026543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athamneh LN, DeHart WB, Pope D, Mellis AM, Snider SE, Kaplan BA, Bickel WK. The phenotype of recovery III: delay discounting predicts abstinence self-efficacy among individuals in recovery from substance use disorders. Psychol Addict Behav. 2019;33:310–17. doi:10.1037/adb0000460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheffer CE, Christensen DR, Landes R, Carter LP, Jackson L, Bickel WK. Delay discounting rates: a strong prognostic indicator of smoking relapse. Addict Behav. 2014;39:1682–89. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.04.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koffarnus MN, Jarmolowicz DP, Mueller ET, Bickel WK. Changing delay discounting in the light of the competing neurobehavioral decision systems theory: a review. J Exp Anal Behav. 2013;99:32–57. doi:10.1002/jeab.2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholten H, Scheres A, de Water E, Graf U, Granic I, Luijten M. Behavioral trainings and manipulations to reduce delay discounting: a systematic review. Psychon Bull Rev. 2019;26:1803–49. doi:10.3758/s13423-019-01629-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lempert KM, Phelps EA. The Malleability of Intertemporal Choice. Trends Cogn Sci. 2016;20:64–74. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.09.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loewenstein GF. Frames of mind in intertemporal choice. J Manage Sci. 1988;34:200–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu C-Y, He G-B. The effects of time perspective and salience of possible monetary losses on intertemporal choice. Soc Behav Personality: Int J. 2012;40:1645–54. doi:10.2224/sbp.2012.40.10.1645.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read D, Olivola CY, Hardisty DJ. The value of nothing: asymmetric attention to opportunity costs drives intertemporal decision making. Manage Sci. 2016;63:4277–97. doi:10.1287/mnsc.2016.2547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radu PT, Yi R, Bickel WK, Gross JJ, McClure SM. A mechanism for reducing delay discounting by altering temporal attention. J Exp Anal Behav. 2011;96:363–85. doi:10.1901/jeab.2011.96-363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magen E, Dweck CS, Gross JJ. The hidden-zero effect: representing a single choice as an extended sequence reduces impulsive choice. Psychol Sci. 2008;19:648–49. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02137.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grace RC, McLean AP. Integrated versus segregated accounting and the magnitude effect in temporal discounting. Psychon Bull Rev. 2005;12:732–39. doi:10.3758/BF03196765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faralla V, Novarese M, Ardizzone A. Framing effects in intertemporal choice: a nudge experiment. J Behav Exp Econ. 2017;71:13–25. doi:10.1016/j.socec.2017.09.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeHart WB, Odum AL. The effects of the framing of time on delay discounting. J Exp Anal Behav. 2015;103:10–21. doi:10.1002/jeab.125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read D, Frederick S, Orsel B, Rahman J. Four score and seven years from now: the date/delay effect in temporal discounting. Manage Sci. 2005;51:1326–35. doi:10.1287/mnsc.1050.0412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeBoeuf RA. Discount rates for time versus dates: the sensitivity of discounting to time-interval description. J Marketing Res. 2006;43:59–72. doi:10.1509/jmkr.43.1.59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dshemuchadse M, Scherbaum S, Goschke T. How decisions emerge: action dynamics in intertemporal decision making. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2013;142:93–100. doi:10.1037/a0028499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lempert KM, Johnson E, Phelps EA. Emotional arousal predicts intertemporal choice. Emotion. 2016;16:647–56. doi:10.1037/emo0000168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klapproth F. The date-delay framing effect in temporal discounting depends on substance abuse. Behav Processes. 2012;90:420–23. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2012.03.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bickel WK, Athamneh LN, Reinforcer A. Pathology perspective on relapse. J Exp Anal Behav. 2020;113:48–56. doi:10.1002/jeab.564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PetersJ, Büchel C. Episodic future thinking reduces reward delay discounting through an enhancement of prefrontal-mediotemporalinteractions.Neuron. 2010;66:138–48. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiou W-B, Wu W-H. Episodic future thinking involving the nonsmoking self can induce lower discounting and cigarette consumption. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2016;78:106–12. doi:10.15288/jsad.2017.78.106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sofis MJ, Lemley SM, Lee DC, Budney AJ. A web-based episodic specificity and future thinking session modulates delay discounting in cannabis users. Psychol Addict Behav. 2020;34:532–40. doi:10.1037/adb0000557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snider SE, LaConte SM, Bickel WK. Episodic future thinking: expansion of the temporal window in individuals with alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016;40:1558–66. doi:10.1111/acer.13112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moustafa AA, Morris AN, Nandrino JL, Misiak B, Szewczuk-Bogusławska M, Frydecka D, El Haj M. Not all drugs are created equal: impaired future thinking in opiate, but not alcohol, users. Exp Brain Res. 2018;236:2971–81. doi:10.1007/s00221-018-5355-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schacter DL, Benoit RG, Szpunar KK. Episodic future thinking: mechanisms and functions. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2017;17:41–50. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.06.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frazer KM, Richards Q, Keith DR. The long-term effects of cocaine use on cognitive functioning: A systematic critical review. Behav Brain Res. 2018;348:241–62. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bickel WK, Kowal BP, Gatchalian KM. Understanding addiction as a pathology of temporal horizon. Behav Anal Today. 2006;7:32–47. doi:10.1037/h0100148.
   Google Scholar
• Madore KP, Gaesser B, Schacter DL. Constructive episodic simulation: dissociable effects of a specificity induction on remembering, imagining, and describing in young and older adults. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2014;40:609–22. doi:10.1037/a0034885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles MB, Huberman AM. Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc; 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Mazur JE. An adjusting procedure for studying delayed reinforcement. In Commons ML, Mazur JE, Nevin JA, Rachlin H, eds. Quantitative analyses of behavior, Vol. 5. The effect of delay and of intervening events on reinforcement value. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.; 1987:55–73.
   Google Scholar
• O’Donnell S, Oluyomi Daniel T, Epstein LH. Does goal relevant episodic future thinking amplify the effect on delay discounting? Conscious Cogn. 2017;51:10–16. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2017.02.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Argembeau A, Stawarczyk D, Majerus S, Collette F, Van der Linden M, Feyers D, Maquet P, Salmon E. The neural basis of personal goal processing when envisioning future events. J Cogn Neurosci. 2010;22:1701–13. doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu W-H, Cheng W, Chiou W-B. Episodic future thinking about the ideal self induces lower discounting, leading to a decreased tendency toward cheating. Front Psychol. 2017;8:287. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins ET. The “self digest”: self-knowledge serving self-regulatory functions. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996;71:1062–83. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin H, Epstein LH. Living in the moment: effects of time perspective and emotional valence of episodic thinking on delay discounting. Behav Neurosci. 2014;128:12–19. doi:10.1037/a0035705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vito S, Neroni MA, Bonnefon J-F, Della Sala S, Capuozzo A, Engemann D, Brandimonte MA. Thoughts of death disrupt foresight. Clin Psychol Sci 2017;2:1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Kleim B, Graham B, Fihosy S, Stott R, Ehlers A. Reduced specificity in episodic future thinking in posttraumatic stress disorder. Clin Psychol Sci. 2014;2:165–73. doi:10.1177/2167702613495199.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hollis-Hansen K, O’Donnell SE, Seidman JS, Brande SJ, Epstein LH, Pattij T. Improvements in episodic future thinking methodology: establishing a standardized episodic thinking control. PloS One. 2019;14:e0214397. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0214397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar