Supporting perinatal individuals with opioid use disorder and their newborns experiencing neonatal abstinence syndrome: impressions from patients and healthcare providers

References

• SAMHSA. Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: results from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP20-07-01-001, NSDUH Series H-55). Rockville, MD; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Ko JY, D’Angelo DV, Haight SC, Morrow B, Cox S, von Essen BS, Strahan AE, Harrison L, Tevendale HD, Warner L, et al. Vital signs: prescription opioid pain reliever use during pregnancy — 34 U.S. Jurisdictions, 2019. Morbid Mortality Weekly Rep. 2020;69:897. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6928a1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirai AH, Ko JY, Owens PL, Stocks C, Patrick SW. Neonatal abstinence syndrome and maternal opioid-related diagnoses in the US, 2010-2017. JAMA. 2021;325:146–55. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.24991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kocherlakota P. Neonatal abstinence syndrome. Pediatrics. 2014;134:e547–e61. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McQueen K, Murphy-Oikonen J. Neonatal abstinence syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:2468–79. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1600879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick SW, Schumacher RE, Horbar JD, Buus-Frank ME, Edwards EM, Morrow KA, Ferrelli KR, Picarillo AP, Gupta M, Soll RF. Improving care for neonatal abstinence syndrome. Pediatrics. 2016;137:e20153835. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick SW, Burke JF, Biel TJ, Auger KA, Goyal NK, Cooper WO. Risk of hospital readmission among infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome. Hosp Pediatr. 2015;5:513–19. doi:10.1542/hpeds.2015-0024.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patrick SW, Davis MM, Lehmann C, Cooper WO. Increasing incidence and geographic distribution of neonatal abstinence syndrome: United States 2009 to 2012. J Perinatol. 2015;35:650. doi:10.1038/jp.2015.36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forray A, Foster D. Substance use in the perinatal period. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015;17:1–11. doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0626-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velez M, Jansson LM. The opioid dependent mother and newborn dyad: non-pharmacologic care. J Addict Med. 2008;2:113. doi:10.1097/ADM.0b013e31817e6105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saia KA, Schiff D, Wachman EM, Mehta P, Vilkins A, Sia M, Price J, Samura T, DeAngelis J, Jackson CV, et al. Caring for pregnant women with opioid use disorder in the USA: expanding and improving treatment. Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep. 2016;5:257–63. doi:10.1007/s13669-016-0168-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan BA, Brown MS, Hayes MJ. Neonatal abstinence syndrome: treatment and pediatric outcomes. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2013;56:186. doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31827feea4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudak ML, Tan RC, Committee on Drugs, Committee on Fetus and Newborn, Frattarelli DA, Galinkin JL, Green TP, Neville KA, Paul IM, Van Den Anker JN, et al. Neonatal drug withdrawal. Pediatrics. 2012;129:e540–e60. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman MR, Lipshaw MJ, Osborn RR, Berkwitt AK. A novel approach to assessing infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome. Hosp Pediatr. 2018;8:1–6. doi:10.1542/hpeds.2017-0128.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Hoogdalem MW, McPhail BT, Hahn D, Wexelblatt SL, Akinbi HT, Vinks AA, Mizuno T. Pharmacotherapy of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: a review of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Exp Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2021;17:87–103. doi:10.1080/17425255.2021.1837112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick S, Kaplan H, Passarella M, Davis M, Lorch S. Variation in treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome in US children’s hospitals, 2004–2011. J Perinatol. 2014;34:867. doi:10.1038/jp.2014.114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman MR, Osborn RR, Berkwitt AK. Neonatal abstinence syndrome: time for a reappraisal. Hosp Pediatr. 2017;7:115–16. doi:10.1542/hpeds.2016-0119.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mangat AK, Schmölzer GM, Kraft WK. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;24:133–41. doi:10.1016/j.siny.2019.01.009. Epub 2019/02/05. PMID: 30745219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacMillan KDL. Neonatal abstinence syndrome: review of epidemiology, care models, and current understanding of outcomes. Clin Perinatol. 2019;46:817–32. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2019.08.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacMillan KDL, Rendon CP, Verma K, Riblet N, Washer DB, Holmes AV. Association of rooming-in with outcomes for neonatal abstinence syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172:345–51. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buczkowski A, Avidan O, Cox D, Craig A. The parental experience of newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome across inpatient care settings: a qualitative study. J Addict Med. 2020;14:e183–e7. doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rockefeller K, Macken LC, Craig A. Trying to do what is best: a qualitative study of maternal-infant bonding and neonatal abstinence syndrome. Adv Neonatal Care. 2019;19:E3. doi:10.1097/ANC.0000000000000616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leiner C, Cody T, Mullins N, Ramage M, Ostrach BM. “The elephant in the room;” a qualitative study of perinatal fears in opioid use disorder treatment in Southern Appalachia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21:1–12. doi:10.1186/s12884-021-03596-w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalinowski J, Wallace BC, Williams NJ, Spruill TM. Women’s perspectives on provider education regarding opioid use. J Pain Res. 2020;13:39. doi:10.2147/JPR.S215943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McTavish JR, Kimber M, Devries K, Colombini M, MacGregor JC, Wathen N, MacMillan HL. Children’s and caregivers’ perspectives about mandatory reporting of child maltreatment: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e025741. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakeman SE, Pham-Kanter G, Donelan K. Attitudes, practices, and preparedness to care for patients with substance use disorder: results from a survey of general internists. Subst Abuse. 2016;37:635–41. doi:10.1080/08897077.2016.1187240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madras BK, Ahmad NJ, Wen J, Sharfstein JS. Improving access to evidence-based medical treatment for opioid use disorder: strategies to address key barriers within the treatment system. NAM Perspect. 2020;2020. doi:10.31478/202004b.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tong ST, Hochheimer CJ, Peterson LE, Krist AH. Buprenorphine provision by early career family physicians. Ann Fam Med. 2018;16:443–46. doi:10.1370/afm.2261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong S, Sabo R, Aycock R, Prasad R, Etz R, Kuzel A, Krist A. Assessment of addiction medicine training in family medicine residency programs: a CERA study. Fam Med. 2017;49:537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman DJ, Saunders EC, Wolff KB. In their own words: a qualitative study of factors promoting resilience and recovery among postpartum women with opioid use disorders. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20:1–10. doi:10.1186/s12884-020-02872-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone R. Pregnant women and substance use: fear, stigma, and barriers to care. Health Justice. 2015;3:1–15. doi:10.1186/s40352-015-0015-5.
   Google Scholar
• Van Boekel LC, Brouwers EP, Van Weeghel J, Garretsen HF. Stigma among health professionals towards patients with substance use disorders and its consequences for healthcare delivery: systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;131:23–35. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syvertsen JL, Toneff H, Howard H, Spadola C, Madden D, Clapp J. Conceptualizing stigma in contexts of pregnancy and opioid misuse: a qualitative study with women and healthcare providers in Ohio. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;222:108677. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks J, Morse E, Wyant DK. Barriers and facilitators of breastfeeding reported by postpartum women in methadone maintenance therapy. Breastfeeding Med. 2018;13:259–65. doi:10.1089/bfm.2017.0130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilder C, Lewis D, Winhusen T. Medication assisted treatment discontinuation in pregnant and postpartum women with opioid use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;149:225–31. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mascola MA, Borders AE, Terplan M. Opioid use and opioid use disorder in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;130:488–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandelowski M. Focus on research methods: whatever happened to qualitative description? Res Nurs Health. 2000;23:334–40. doi:10.1002/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334:AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G. PMID: 10940958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandelowski M. What’s in a name? Qualitative description revisited. Research in nursing & health. 2010;33:77–84. doi:10.1002/nur.20362.
   Google Scholar
• Schreier M. Qualitative content analysis in practice. Vol. viii. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2012. 272 p.
   Google Scholar
• Olson JD, McAllister C, Grinnell LD, Walters KG, Appunn F. Applying constant comparative method with multiple investigators and inter-coder reliability. Qual Rep. 2016;21:26. doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2016.2205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiff DM, Work EC, Foley B, Applewhite R, Diop H, Goullaud L, Gupta M, Hoeppner BB, Peacock-Chambers E, Vilsaint CL, et al. Perinatal opioid use disorder research, race, and racism: a scoping review. Pediatrics. 2022;149. doi:10.1542/peds.2021-052368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meinhofer A, Hinde JM, Ali MM. Substance use disorder treatment services for pregnant and postpartum women in residential and outpatient settings. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2020;110:9–17. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2019.12.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harp KL, Oser CB. A longitudinal analysis of the impact of child custody loss on drug use and crime among a sample of African American mothers. Child Abuse Negl. 2018;77:1–12. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.12.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon R, Giroux J, Chor J. Effects of substance use disorder criminalization on American Indian pregnant individuals. AMA J Ethics. 2020;22:862–67.
   Google Scholar
• Schiff DM, Nielsen T, Hoeppner BB, Terplan M, Hansen H, Bernson D, Diop H, Bharel M, Krans EE, Selk S, et al. Assessment of racial and ethnic disparities in the use of medication to treat opioid use disorder among pregnant women in Massachusetts. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3:e205734. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burduli E, Lederhos Smith C, Tham P, Shogun M, Johnson RK, McPherson S. Development and application of a primer and reference assessment tool for neonatal abstinence syndrome: a phase I pilot study. 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Charles C, Gafni A, Whelan T. Shared decision-making in the medical encounter: what does it mean?(or it takes at least two to tango). Social Sci Med. 1997;44:681–92. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00221-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elwyn G, Frosch D, Thomson R, Joseph-Williams N, Lloyd A, Kinnersley P, Cording E, Tomson C, Dodd C, Rollnick S, et al. Shared decision making: a model for clinical practice. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27:1361–67. doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2077-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar