242
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid versus Clomethiazole for the Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in a Medical Intensive Care Unit: An Open, Single-Center Randomized Study

, M.D., , M.D., , M.S. & , M.D.
Pages 189-192 | Published online: 21 Jul 2009

REFERENCES

  • O'Conner P G, Schottenfeld R S. Patients with alcohol problems. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 592–602
  • Pabst A, Kraus L. Alkoholkonsum, alkoholbezogene Störungen und Trends. Ergebnisse des Eoidemiologischen Suchtsurveys. Sucht 2006; 54: S36–S46, (Sonderheft 1)
  • Chick J. Delirium tremens. Br Med J 1989; 298: 3–4
  • Mayo-Smith M F. Pharmacological management of alcohol withdrawal. JAMA 1997; 278(2)144–51
  • Spies C D, Dubisz N, Funk W, Blum S, Muller C, Rommelspacher H, et al. Prophylaxis of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in alcohol-dependent patients admitted to the intensive care unit after tumor resection. Br J Anaesth 1995; 75: 734–739
  • Spies C, Dubisz N, Neumann T, Blum S. Therapy of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in intensive care unit patients following trauma: Results of a prospective randomized trial. Crit Care Med 1996; 24: 414–422
  • von Albert H H. Delirium conditions: 2 Therapy. Fortschr Med 1990; 108: 161
  • Wilkins A J, Jenkins W J, Steiner J A. Efficacy of clonidine in treatment of alcohol withdrawal state. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1983; 81: 78–80
  • Dittmar G. Alcohol delirium—Pathogenesis and therapy. Med Klin 1991; 86: 607–612
  • Colombo G, Agabio R, Diaz G, Fà M, Lobina C, Reali R, Gessa G L. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid intake in ethanol-preferring sP and -nonpreferring sNP rats. Physiol Behav 1998; 64: 197–202
  • Fadda F, Argiolas A, Melis M R, De Montis G, Gessa G L. Suppression of voluntary ethanol consumption in rats by gammabutyrolactone. Life Sci 1983; 32: 1471–1477
  • Agabio R, Colombo G, Loche A, Lobina C, Pani McReali R, Gessa G L. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid reducing effect on ethanol intake: Evidence in favour of a substitution mechanism. Alcohol Alcoholism 1998; 33: 465–474
  • Fadda F, Colombo G, Mosca E, Gessa G L. Suppression by gamma-hydroxybutyric acid of ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats. Alcohol Alcoholism 1989; 24: 447–451
  • Gallimbert L, Canton G, Gentile N, Ferri M, Cibin M, Ferrara S D, et al. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid for treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Lancet 1989; II: 787–789
  • Gallimberti L, Ferri M, Ferrara S D, Fadda F, Gessa G L. Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid in the treatment of alcohol dependence: A double-blind study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1992; 16: 673–676
  • Gallimberti L, Spella M R, Soncini C A, Gessa G L. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in the treatment of alcohol and heroin dependence. Alcohol 2000; 20(3)257–262
  • Addolorato G, Balducci G, Capristo E, Attilia McTaggi F, Gasbarrini G, Ceccanti M. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: A randomized comparitive study versus benzodiazepine. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999; 23(10)1596–1604
  • Spies C D, Rommelspacher H. Alcohol withdrawal in the surgical patient: Prevention and treatment. Anesth Analg 1999; 88: 946–954
  • Franz M, Dlabal H, Kunz S, Ulferts J, Gruppe H, Gallhofer B. Treatment of alcohol withdrawal:Triapride and carbamazepine versus clomethiazole. A pilot study. Eur Rch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001; 251: 185–192
  • Nimmerrichter A A, Walter H, Gutierrez-Lobos K E, Lesch O M. Double-Blind controlled trial of y-hydroxybutyrate and clomethiazole in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol Alcoholism 2002; 37: 67–73
  • Nava F, Premi S, Manzato E, Campagnola W, Lucchini A, Gessa G L. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate reduces both withdrawal syndrome and hypercortisolism in severe abstinent alcoholic: an open study vs. diazepam. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2007; 33: 379–392
  • Lenzenhuber E. Gamm-hydroxybutyrate for therapy of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in intensive care patients. A comparison between two symptom-triggered therapeutic regimes. Anaesthesist 1999; 48: 89–96
  • Vree T B. Pharmacokinetics of 4-hydroxybutyric acid in man and rhesus monkey. Anästhesie mit Gamma-Hydroxybuttersäure. Springer, Berlin 1978
  • Ferrara S D, Zotti S, Tedeschi L, Frison C T, Castagna F, Gallimberti L, et al. Pharmacokinetics of y-hydroxybutyric acid in alcohol dependent patients after single andrepeated oral doses. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1992; 34: 231–235
  • Palatini P, Tedeschi L, Frison G, Padrini P L, Lordan R, Orlando R, et al. Dose-dependent absorption and elimination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 45: 353–356
  • Gillmartin J J, Corris P A, Stone T N, Veale D, Gibson G J. Effects of diazepam and chlormethiazole on ventilatory control in normal subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 25: 766–770
  • Lucht M, Kuehn K U, Armbruster G, Abraham G, Gaensicke M, Barnow S, et al. Alcohol withdrawal treatment in intoxicated vs. non-intoxicated patients: A controlled open-label study with triapicide/carbamazepine, clomethiazole and diazepam. Alcohol Alcoholism 2003; 38: 168–175
  • Pentikäinen P J, Neuvonen P J, Tarpila S, Syvälathi E. Effect of cirrhosis of the liver on the pharmacokinetics of clomethiazole. Br M Journal 1978; 2: 861–863
  • Spies C D, Otter H E, Hüske B, Sinha P, Neumann T, Rettig J, Lenzenhuber E, Kox W J, Sellers E M. Alcohol withdrawal severity is decreased by symptom-orientated adjusted bolus therapy in the ICU. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29: 2230–2238
  • Snead O C, Gibson K M. y-hydroxybutyric acid. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2721–2732

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.