Unequal Protection

Karen Musalo Karen Musalo is director of, and Stephen Knight coordinating attorney for, the Center for Gender and Refugee Studies at the University of California's Hastings College of the Law. Musalo was lead counsel in the Kasinga case and is counsel for Rodi Alvarado.

Stephen Knight Karen Musalo is director of, and Stephen Knight coordinating attorney for, the Center for Gender and Refugee Studies at the University of California's Hastings College of the Law. Musalo was lead counsel in the Kasinga case and is counsel for Rodi Alvarado.

In 1985, UNHCR's Executive Committee advised that women refugees who face harsh treatment for having “transgressed the social mores of the society in which they live” may be considered to be members of a particular social group, and could therefore be granted asylum. Conclusion on Refugee Women and International Protection, UNHCR Programme Executive Committee, 36th Session, No. 39(k) (1985).
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Details and links to these and other documents can be found on the “Law” page of the Center for Gender and Refugee Studies's Web site (www.uchastings.edu/cgrs/).
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Islam & Shah, [1999] 2 WLR 1015.
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Refugee Appeal No. 71427/99.
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Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v. Khawar, [2002] HCA 14.
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