References
- Bickford , A. A. , and Sprague , G. L. 1983 . The significance of background neurologic lesions in acute delayed neurotoxicity studies A comparison of neurohistopathologic lesions induced in commercial hens by Iri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOCP) with those observed in negative control hens . Neurotoxicology 4 283 – 309 .
- Bouldin , T. W. , and Cavanagh , J. B. 1979 . Organophosphorus neuropathy I. A teased-fiber study of the spatio-temporal spread of axonal degeneration . |jyAm. J. Pathol.|jt 94 241 – 252 .
- Carboni , D. , Ehrich , M. , Dyer , K. , and Jortner , B. S. 1992 . Comparative evolution of mipafox-induced delayed neuropathy in rats and hens . Neurotoxicology 13 723 – 734 .
- Carrington , C. D. 1989 . Prophylaxis and the mechanism for the initiation of organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity . Arch. Toxicol. 63 165 – 172 .
- Cavanagh , J. B. 1954 . The toxic effect of tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate on the nervous system An experimental study in hens . J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 17 163 – 172 .
- Clothier , B. , and Johnson , M. K. 1979 . Rapid aging of neurotoxic esterase after inhibition by di-isopropylphosphorofluoridate . Biochem. J. 177 549 – 558 .
- Davis , C. S. , and Richardson , R. J. 1980 . Organophosphorus compounds . In Experimental and clinical neurotoxicology , eds. P. S. Spencer and H. H. Schaumburg , pp. 527 – 544 . Baltimore , MD Williams & Wilkins .
- Dyer , K. R. , Jortner , B. S. , Shell , L. G. , and Ehrich , M. 1992 . Comparative dose-response studies of organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neuropathy in rats and hens administered mipafox . Neurotoxicology 13 745 – 756 .
- Eaton , D. L. , and Klaassen , C. D. 1996 . Principles of toxicology . In Casarett and Doull's Toxicology The basic science of poisons, 5th ed. , ed. C. D. Klaassen , pp. 13 – 33 . New York McGraw-Hill .
- Johnson , M. K. 1970 . Organophosphorus and other inhibitors of brain “neurotoxic esterase” and the development of delayed neurotoxicity in hens . Biochem. J. 120 523 – 531 .
- Johnson , M. K. 1974 . The primary biochemical lesion leading to the delayed neurotoxic effects of some organophosphorus esters . J. Neurochem. 23 785 – 789 .
- Johnson , M. K. 1977 . Improved assay of neurotoxic esterase for screening organophosphates for delayed neurotoxicity potential . Arch. Toxicol. 37 113 – 115 .
- Jortner , B. S. , Shell , L. , El-Fawal , H. , and Ehrich , M. 1989 . Myelinated nerve fiber regeneration following organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neuropathy . Neurotoxicology 10 717 – 726 .
- Lotti , M. 1992 . The pathogenesis of organophosphate polyneuropathy . Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 21 465 – 487 .
- Lotti , M. , Caroldi , S. , Capodicasa , E. , and Moretto , A. 1991 . Promotion of organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 108 234 – 241 .
- Moretto , A. , Capodicasa , E. , Peraica , M. , and Lotti , M. 1993 . Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride delays the recovery from crush of peripheral nerves in hens . Chem. Biol. Interact. 87 457 – 462 .
- Peraica , M. , Moretto , A. , and Lotti , M. 1995 . Selective promotion by phenylmethanesulfonyl flouo-ride of peripheral and spinal cord neuropathies initiated by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate in the hen . Toxicol. Lett. 80 115 – 121 .
- Pope , C. N. , and Padilla , S. 1990 . Potentiation of organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 31 261 – 273 .
- Pope , C. N. , Chapman , M. L. , Tanaka , D. , Jr., and Padilla , S. 1992 . Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride alters sensitivity to organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity in developing animals . Neurotoxicology 13 355 – 364 .
- Pope , C. N. , Tanaka , D. , Jr., and Padilla , S. 1993 . The role of neurotoxic esterase (NTE) in the prevention and potentiation of organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) . Chem. Biol. Interact. 87 395 – 406 .
- Pope , C. N. , diLorenzo , K. , and Ehrich , M. 1995 . Possible involvement of a neurotrophic factor during the early stages of organophosphate-induced delayed neurotoxicity . Toxicol. Lett. 75 111 – 117 .
- Richardson , R. J. 1992 . Interactions of organophosphorus compounds with neurotoxic esterase . In Organophosphates Chemistry, fate, and effects , eds. J. E. Chambers and P. E. Levi , pp. 299 – 323 . San Diego Academic Press .
- Richardson , R. J. , Yano , B. L. , Kayyali , U. S. , and Randall , J. C. 1992 . Potentiation of organophosphate neuropathy Preliminary histopathology and demonstration of clinical potentiation by an organophosphinate . Toxicologist 12 280 .
- Spencer , P. S. , and Schaumburg , H. H. 1977 . Ultraslructural studies of the dying-back process IV. Differential vulnerability of PNS and CNS fibers in experimental central-peripheral distal axonopathies. J. Neuropathol . Exp. Neurol. 36 300 – 320 .
- Sprague , G. L. , Sandvik , L. L. , Bickford , A. A. , and Castles , T. R. 1980 . Evaluation of a sensitive grading system for assessing acute and subchronic delayed neurotoxicity in hens . Life Sci. 27 2523 – 2528 .
- Tanaka , D. , Jr., and Bursian , S. J. 1989 . Degeneration patterns in the chicken central nervous system induced by ingestion of the organophosphorus delayed neurotoxin tri-ort/io-tolyl phosphate . A silver impregnation study. Brain Res. 484 240 – 256 .
- Tanaka , D. , Jr., Bursian , S. J. , and Lehning , E. 1990 . Selective axonal and terminal degeneration in the chicken brainstem and cerebellum following exposure to bis(1-methylethyl)phosphoro-fluoridate (DFP) . Brain Res. 519 200 – 208 .
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1991 . Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F, Hazard Evaluation Humans and Domestic Animals, Addendum 10, Neurotoxicity, Series 81, 82, and 83 . EPA 540/09-91-123, PB 91 -15461 7 . Washington , DC U.S. EPA .
- Veronesi , B. , and Padilla , S. 1985 . Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride protects rats from mipafox-induced delayed neuropathy . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 81 258 – 264 .