109
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

CARBON MONOXIDE AND WATER VAPOR CONTAMINATION OF COMPRESSED BREATHING AIR FOR FIREFIGHTERS AND DIVERS

, , &
Pages 403-423 | Received 22 Nov 1996, Accepted 18 Mar 1997, Published online: 25 Sep 2007

References

  • American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists . 1991 . Documentation of the threshold limit valuesbiological exposure indices, 6th ed. Cincinnati , OH ACGIH .
  • American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists . 1993 . Threshold Limit Values for Chemical SubstancesPhysical AgentsBiological Exposures Indices . Cincinnati , OH ACGIH .
  • American National Standards Institute . 1992 . Practices for respiratory protection . American National Standard Z88.2 . New York , NY ANSI .
  • American National Standards Institute/Compressed Gas Association . 1989 . Commodity Specification for air . Pamphlet G-7.1 . Arlington , VA ANSI/CGA .
  • Aronow , W. S. , and Cassidy , J. 1975 . Effect of carbon monoxide on maximal treadmill exercise . Ann. Intern. Med. 83 496 – 499 .
  • Bender , W. , Gothert , M. , Malorny , G. , and Sebbesse , P. 1971 . Effects of low carbon monoxide concentration in man . Arch. Toxicol. 27 142 – 158 .
  • Boudrias , D. 1991 . Rapport d'enquete du coroner sur les causes et circonstances de décès d'cès d'une victimes d'accidents de plongée sous-marine en 1990 . Montreal Ministry of Justice, Province of Quebec , Canada .
  • Boudrias , D. 1995 . Rapport d'enquete du coroner sur les causes et circonstances de deces des victimes d'accidents de plongee sous-marine entre 1991 et 1995 . Montreal Ministry of Justice, Province of Quebec , Canada .
  • Boudrias , D. 1996 . Rapport d'enquete du coroner sur les causes et circonstances de deces d'une victime d'accident de plongee sous-marine . Montreal Ministry of Justice, Province of Quebec , Canada .
  • Bureau de Normalisation du Québec . 1989 . Appareils de protection respiratoire autonomes pour les services de protection contre I'incendie Guide d'entretien et d'utilisation . BNQ .
  • Canadian Standards Association . 1982 . Selection, CareUse of Respirators . Z94.4-M1982 . Toronto , Ontario CSA .
  • Canadian Standards Association . 1985 . Compressed Breathing AirSystems . CAN3-Z180.1-M85 . Toronto , Ontario CSA .
  • Canadian Standards Association . 1992 . Nonflammable Medical Cas Piping Systems . CAN-Z305.1–92 . Toronto , Ontario CSA .
  • Coburn , R. F. , Forster , R. E. , and Kane , P. B. 1965 . Considerations of the physiological variables that determine the blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration in man . J. Clin. Invest. 44 1899 – 1910 .
  • Compressed Cas Association . 1990 . Compressed Air for Human Respiration . Pamphlet C-7 . Arlington , VA CGA .
  • Daenens , P. 1973 . A case of carbon monoxide poisoning during skin diving . Arch. Toxikol. 31 181 – 184 .
  • Ekblom , B. 1972 . Response to submaximal and maximal exercise at different levels of carboxyhe moglobin . Acta Physiol. Scand. 86 474 – 482 .
  • Halperin , M. H. , McFarland , R. A. , Niven , J. I. , and Roughton , F. J. W. 1959 . The time course of the effects of carbon monoxide on visual thresholds . J. Physiol. (Lond.) 146 583 – 593 .
  • Horvath , S. M. , Raven , P. B. , Dahms , T. E. ,Gray, D. ). 1975 . Maximal aerobic capacity at different levels of carboxyhemoglobin . J. Appl. Physiol. 38 300 – 303 .
  • International Fire Service Training Association . 1982 . Respiratory protection, 1st ed. Fire Protection Publications, Oklahoma State University .
  • Jankovic , J. , Jones , W. , Burkhart , J. , and Noonana , G. 1992 . Environmental study of firefighters . Ann. Occup. Hyg. 356 581 – 602 .
  • JMAR . 1990 . JMAR Wall-Mounted Purification System-Instruction and Parts Manual . JMAR Engineering Ltd. , Richmond , British Colombia, Canada , Number J2220000/J3450000 .
  • Jordair , 1990 . Compressor Instruction and Operation Manual . Richmond , British Columbia Jordair Compressors, Inc.
  • Karter , M. J. 1995 . U.S. Fire Department Profile Through 1994 . Quincy , MA National Fire Protection Association, Fire Analysis & Research Division .
  • Klein , J. P. 1980 . Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen during short-term exhaustive exercise . J. Appl. Physiol. 47 429 – 134 .
  • Legault-Faucher , M. , and Levesque , H. 1991 . Les Combattants du Feu . Montreal , Quebec , Canada Commission de la sante et de la securite au travail .
  • Lemire , J. , and Champagne , M. 1980 . L'lnspection Visuelle de Bouteilles a Air Comprime Respirable . Montreal , Quebec , Canada Federation quebecoise des activites subaquatiques .
  • Loke , J. 1976 . Caroxyhemoglobin levels in firefighters . Lung 154 35 – 39 .
  • Makinen , H. 1991 . Analysis of Problems in the Protection of Fire Fighters by Personal Protective Equipment and Clothing-Development of a New Turnout Suit . Vantaa , Finland Intitute of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Safety .
  • Manecon 1987 . Respiratory Protection Equipment-Industrial Concerns . Manecon Partnership Management and Economic Consultants , Edmonton , Alberta . Prepared under the financial sponsorship of the Occupational Health and Safety Heritage Grant Program of the Govern ment of Alberta , Canada .
  • McCartney , M. 1990 . Sensitivity analysis applied to Coburn-Forster-Kane models of carboxyhemo globin formation . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 51 169 – 177 .
  • McClure , C. M. 1987 . Breathing air systems for use with pressure-demand supplied air respirators in asbestos abatement . Technical report for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research , Cincinnati , OH .
  • McFarland , R. 1973 . Low-level exposure to carbon monoxide and driving performance . Arch. Environ. Health 27 355 – 359 .
  • MENVIQ . 1993 . Protocole pour la validation d'une methode d'analyse en physico-chimie. Gouvernement du quebec, Ministere de I'Environnement, Direction des laboratoires, Accreditation et privatisation, 93.09/000-Math.1.2 .
  • National Fire Protection Association . 1986 . Fire protection handbook, 16th ed. Quincy , MA NFPA .
  • National Research Council Committee on Toxicology . 1985 . Emergencycontinuous exposure guidance levels for selected airborne contaminants , vol. 4 . Washington , DC National Academy Press .
  • National Underwater Accident Data Center . 1990 . U.S. Underwater Diving Fatality Statistics with a Preliminary Assessment of 1990 Fatalities. Report URI-SSR-91-22 MOAA-DEMA, Grant NA 88-AA-D-URO 46 . Kingston , RI NUADC .
  • NAUI . 1977 . Pro manual . National Association of Underwater Instructors , Montclair , CA .
  • Nelson , T. L. , Wilmes , D. P. , and daRoza , R. A. 1994 . ANSI Z88.2-1992 Practices for respiratory protection . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 55 660 – 662 .
  • Nicolet . 1993 . FASTFIT Classical Least-Squares Quantitative Analysis Program for the 8220 Cas Analyzer . Nicolet Analytical Instruments Inc. , P/N 269–043400 . Madison , WI .
  • Organisme professionel de prevention du batiment et des travaux publics . 1966 . Compresseurs d'air el réservoirs d'air comprimé . Fiche de securite No. C. 401, C.D.U. 621.51 . Issy-Les-Moulineaux , France OPPBTP .
  • Paquin , C. 1990 . Rapport d'investigation coroner sur les causes et circonstances de deces d'un victime d'accident de plongee sous-marine . Montreal Ministry of Justice, Province of Quebec , Canada .
  • Peterson , J. E. , and Stewart , R. D. 1975 . Predicting the carboxyhemoglobin levels resulting from carbon monoxide exposures . J. Appl. Physiol. 39 633 – 638 .
  • Putz , V. R. 1979 . The effects of carbon monoxide on dual-task performance . Hum. Factors 21 13 – 24 .
  • Putz , V. R. , Johnson , B. L. , and Setzer , J. V. 1976 . Affects of CO on Vigilance Performance Effects of Low-Level Carbon Monoxide on Divided Attention, Pitch Discrimination and the Auditory Evoked Potential . National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health . Cincinnati , OH U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare Publ. No. (NIOSH) 77 – 124 .
  • Putz , V. R. , Johnson , B. L. , and Setzer , J. V. 1979 . A comparative study of the effects of car bon monoxide and methylene chloride on human performance . J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. 2 97 – 112 .
  • Radford , E. P. , and Levine , M. S. 1976 . Occupational exposures to carbon monoxide in Baltimore firefighters . J. Occup. Med. 18 628 – 632 .
  • Ray , A. M. , and Rockwell , T. H. 1970 . An exploratory study of automobile driving performance under the influence of low levels of carboxyhemoglobin . Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 174 396 – 408 .
  • Régie de la sécurité dans les sports du Québec-Ministere de la sante et des services sociaux du Quebec . 1993 . Sondage sur les blessures subies lors de la pratique d'activités récreativés et sportives entre octobre 1992 et septembre 1993 . Unpublished document . Trois-Riviéres , Quebec , Canada RSSQ-MSSS .
  • Smith , S. R. , Steinberg , S. , and Gaydos , J. C. 1996 . Errors in derivations of the Coburn-Forster-Kane equation for predicting carboxyhemoglobin . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 57 621 – 625 .
  • Service de la prevention des incendies de Montreal . 1994 . Bilan des activites . Montreal , SPIM .
  • Stewart , R. D. 1975 . The effect of carbon monoxide on humans . Am. Rev. Pharmacol. 15 409 – 423 .
  • Tikuisis , P. 1987 . Percent carboxyhemoglobin in resting humans exposed repeatedly to 1,500 and 7,500 ppm CO . J. Appl. Physiol. 63 820 – 827 .
  • Tikuisis , P. 1992 . Rate of formation of carboxyhemoglobin in exercising humans exposed to car bon monoxide . J. Appl. Physiol. 724 1311 – 1319 .
  • Viens , C. 1993 . Rapport du d'investigation coroner sur les causes et circonstances de deces d'un victime d'accident de plongee sous-marine . Montreal Ministry of Justice, Province Quebec , Canada .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.