Enhanced electrocatalytic reduction of aqueous nitrate by modified copper catalyst through electrochemical deposition and annealing treatment

References

• Abdallah, R., Geneste, F., Labasque, T., Djelal, H., Fourcade, F., Amrane, A., Taha, S., and Floner, D. (2014). Selective and quantitative nitrate electroreduction to ammonium using a porous copper electrode in an electrochemical flow cell, J. Electroanal. Chem., 727, 148–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altaweel, A., Gries, T., Migot, S., Boulet, P., Mézin, A., and Belmonte, T. (2016). Localised growth of CuO nanowires by micro-afterglow oxidation at atmospheric pressure: Investigation of the role of stress, Surf. Coat. Technol., 305, 254–263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amertharaj, S., Hasnat, M. A., and Mohamed, N. (2014). Electroreduction of nitrate ions at a platinum-copper electrode in an alkaline medium: Influence of sodium inositol phytate, Electrochim. Acta, 136, 557–564.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badea, G. E. (2009). Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate on copper electrode in alkaline solution, Electrochim. Acta, 54(3), 996–1001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bockris, J. O. M., and Kim, J. (1996). Electrochemical reductions of Hg (II), ruthenium–nitrosyl complex, chromate, and nitrate in a strong alkaline solution, J. Electrochem. Soc., 143(12), 3801–3808.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butcher, D. P., and Gewirth, A. A. (2016). Nitrate reduction pathways on Cu single crystal surfaces: Effect of oxide and Cl−, Nano Energy, 29, 457–465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro-Barros, C. M., Jia, M., van Loosdrecht, M. C., Volcke, E. I., and Winkler, M. K. (2017). Evaluating the potential for dissimilatory nitrate reduction by anammox bacteria for municipal wastewater treatment, Bioresour. Technol., 233, 363–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J. T., Zhang, F., Wang, J., Zhang, G. A., Miao, B. B., Fan, X. Y., Yan, D., and Yan, P. X. (2008). CuO nanowires synthesized by thermal oxidation route, J. Alloys Compd., 454(1–2), 268–273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çirmi, D., Aydın, R., and Köleli, F. (2015). The electrochemical reduction of nitrate ion on polypyrrole coated copper electrode, J. Electroanal. Chem., 736, 101–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, J., Moorcroft, M. J., Wilkins, S. J., Compton, R. G., and Cardosi, M. F. (2000a). Electrochemical detection of nitrate at a copper modified electrode under the influence of ultrasound, Electroanalysis, 12(17), 1363–1367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, J., Moorcroft, M. J., Wilkins, S. J., Compton, R. G., and Cardosi, M. F. (2000b). Electrochemical detection of nitrate and nitrite at a copper modified electrode, Analyst, 125(4), 737–742.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Groot, M. T., and Koper, M. T. M. (2004). The influence of nitrate concentration and acidity on the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate on platinum, J. Electroanal. Chem., 562(1), 81–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, J., Li, W., Zhao, Q.-L., Wang, K., Zheng, Z., and Gao, Y.-Z. (2015). Electroreduction of nitrate in water: Role of cathode and cell configuration, Chem. Eng. J., 271, 252–259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, Y., Sun, W., Yang, W., and Li, Q. (2017). Formic acid as the in-situ hydrogen source for catalytic reduction of nitrate in water by PdAg alloy nanoparticles supported on amine-functionalized SiO2. Appl. Catal. B Environ., 203, 372–380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dortsiou, M., and Kyriacou, G. (2009). Electrochemical reduction of nitrate on bismuth cathodes, J. Electroanal. Chem., 630(1–2), 69–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duca, M., and Koper, M. T. M. (2012). Powering denitrification: the perspectives of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction, Energy Environ. Sci., 5(12), 9726.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Deab, M. S. (2004). Electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia at modified gold electrodes, Electrochim. Acta, 49(9–10), 1639–1645.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamboa, J. C., Pena, R. C., Paixao, T. R., and Bertotti, M. (2009). A renewable copper electrode as an amperometric flow detector for nitrate determination in mineral water and soft drink samples, Talanta, 80(2), 581–585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghodbane, O., Sarrazin, M., Roué, L., and Bélanger, D. (2008). Electrochemical reduction of nitrate on pyrolytic graphite-supported Cu and Pd–Cu electrocatalysts, J. Electrochem. Soc., 155(6), F117–F123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Govindan, K., Noel, M., and Mohan, R. (2015). Removal of nitrate ion from water by electrochemical approaches, J. Water Process Eng., 6, 58–63.
   Google Scholar
• Gui, L., Gillham, R. W., and Odziemkowski, M. S. (2000). Reduction of N-nitrosodimethylamine with granular iron and nickel-enhanced iron. 1. Pathways and kinetics, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34(16), 3489–3494.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasnat, M. A., Ahamad, N., Nizam Uddin, S. M., and Mohamed, N. (2012). Silver modified platinum surface/H+ conducting Nafion membrane for cathodic reduction of nitrate ions, Appl. Surf. Sci., 258(7), 3309–3314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasnat, M. A., Ben Aoun, S., Nizam Uddin, S. M., Alam, M. M., Koay, P. P., Amertharaj, S., Rashed, M. A., Rahman, M. M., and Mohamed, N. (2014). Copper-immobilized platinum electrocatalyst for the effective reduction of nitrate in a low conductive medium: Mechanism, adsorption thermodynamics and stability, Appl. Catal. A Gen., 478, 259–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasnat, M. A., Ben Aoun, S., Rahman, M. M., Asiri, A. M., and Mohamed, N. (2015). Lean Cu-immobilized Pt and Pd films/–H+ conducting membrane assemblies: relative electrocatalytic nitrate reduction activities, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 28, 131–137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirayama, J., and Kamiya, Y. (2017). Highly selective and efficient photocatalytic reduction of nitrate in water by a tandem reaction system consisting of Pt/TiO2 and SnPd/Al2O3: A comparative study of the tandem reaction system with a typical semiconductor photocatalyst, SnPd/TiO2, J. Catal., 348, 306–313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou, M., Tang, Y., Xu, J., Pu, Y., Lin, A., Zhang, L., Xiong, J., Yang, X. J., and Wan, P. (2015). Nitrate reduction in water by aluminum–iron alloy particles catalyzed by copper, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 3(4), 2401–2407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, X., Herricks, T., and Xia, Y. (2002). CuO nanowires can be synthesized by heating copper substrates in air, Nano Lett., 2(12), 1333–1338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalaruban, M., Loganathan, P., Shim, W. G., Kandasamy, J., Naidu, G., Nguyen, T. V., and Vigneswaran, S. (2016). Removing nitrate from water using iron-modified Dowex 21K XLT ion exchange resin: Batch and fluidised-bed adsorption studies, Sep. Purif. Technol., 158, 62–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kas, R., Kortlever, R., Milbrat, A., Koper, M. T., Mul, G., and Baltrusaitis, J. (2014). Electrochemical CO2 reduction on Cu2O-derived copper nanoparticles: Controlling the catalytic selectivity of hydrocarbons, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 16(24), 12194–12201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsounaros, I., Ipsakis, D., Polatides, C., and Kyriacou, G. (2006). Efficient electrochemical reduction of nitrate to nitrogen on tin cathode at very high cathodic potentials, Electrochim. Acta, 52(3), 1329–1338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur, M., Muthe, K. P., Despande, S. K., Choudhury, S., Singh, J. B., Verma, N., Gupta, S. K., and Yakhmi, J. V. (2006). Growth and branching of CuO nanowires by thermal oxidation of copper, J. Cryst. Growth, 289(2), 670–675.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koay, P. P., Alam, M. S., Alam, M. M., Etesami, M., Hasnat, M. A., and Mohamed, N. (2016). Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate ions at a poly crystalline SnCu modified platinum surface by using an H+ conducting solid polymer in a sandwich type membrane reactor, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 4(4), 4494–4502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhl, K. P., Hatsukade, T., Cave, E. R., Abram, D. N., Kibsgaard, J., and Jaramillo, T. F. (2014). Electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methane and methanol on transition metal surfaces, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136(40), 14107–14113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, C. W., Ciston, J., and Kanan, M. W. (2014). Electroreduction of carbon monoxide to liquid fuel on oxide-derived nanocrystalline copper, Nature, 508(7497), 504–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, C. W., and Kanan, M. W. (2012). CO2 reduction at low overpotential on Cu electrodes resulting from the reduction of thick Cu2O films, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134(17), 7231–7234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M., Feng, C., Zhang, Z., Shen, Z., and Sugiura, N. (2009a). Electrochemical reduction of nitrate using various anodes and a Cu/Zn cathode, Electrochem. Commun., 11(10), 1853–1856.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M., Feng, C., Zhang, Z., and Sugiura, N. (2009b). Efficient electrochemical reduction of nitrate to nitrogen using Ti/IrO2–Pt anode and different cathodes, Electrochim. Acta, 54(20), 4600–4606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., Wang, Y., Fu, L., Gao, Y., Zhao, H., and Zhou, W. (2017). Aerobic-heterotrophic nitrogen removal through nitrate reduction and ammonium assimilation by marine bacterium Vibrio sp. Y1–5, Bioresour. Technol., 230, 103–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, J., Zheng, Y., and Liu, Z. (2016). Nanowire-based Cu electrode as electrochemical sensor for detection of nitrate in water, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 232, 336–344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, C. J., Lo, S. L., and Liou, Y. H. (2004). Dechlorination of trichloroethylene in aqueous solution by noble metal-modified iron, J. Hazard. Mater., 116(3), 219–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liou, Y. H., Lo, S. L., Lin, C. J., Kuan, W. H., and Weng, S. C. (2005). Chemical reduction of an unbuffered nitrate solution using catalyzed and uncatalyzed nanoscale iron particles, J. Hazard. Mater., 127(1–3), 102–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, Q., Jeen, S. W., Gui, L., and Gillham, R. W. (2017). Nitrate reduction and its effects on trichloroethylene degradation by granular iron, Water Res., 112, 48–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubphoo, Y., Chyan, J. M., Grisdanurak, N., and Liao, C. H. (2016). Influence of Pd–Cu on nanoscale zero-valent iron supported for selective reduction of nitrate, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 59, 285–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, M., Djanashvili, K., and Smith, W. A. (2015). Selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO on CuO-derived Cu nanowires, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 17(32), 20861–20867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, B., Yue, M., Zhang, P., Li, S., Cong, R., Gao, W., and Yang, T. (2017). Tetragonal β-In2S3: Partial ordering of In3+ vacancy and visible-light photocatalytic activities in both water and nitrate reduction, Catal. Commun., 88, 18–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez, J., Ortiz, A., and Ortiz, I. (2017). State-of-the-art and perspectives of the catalytic and electrocatalytic reduction of aqueous nitrates, Appl. Catal. B Environ., 207, 42–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattarozzi, L., Cattarin, S., Comisso, N., Gerbasi, R., Guerriero, P., Musiani, M., and Verlato, E. (2017). Electrodeposition of compact and porous Cu–Pd alloy layers and their application to nitrate reduction in alkali, Electrochim. Acta, 230, 365–372.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattarozzi, L., Cattarin, S., Comisso, N., Guerriero, P., Musiani, M., Vázquez-Gómez, L., and Verlato, E. (2013). Electrochemical reduction of nitrate and nitrite in alkaline media at CuNi alloy electrodes, Electrochim. Acta, 89, 488–496.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paixao, T. R., Cardoso, J. L., and Bertotti, M. (2007). Determination of nitrate in mineral water and sausage samples by using a renewable in situ copper modified electrode, Talanta, 71(1), 186–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyter, D., Bélanger, D., and Roué, L. (2008). Study of the electroreduction of nitrate on copper in alkaline solution, Electrochim. Acta, 53(20), 5977–5984.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyter, D., Belanger, D., and Roue, L. (2010). Nitrate removal by a paired electrolysis on copper and Ti/IrO(2) coupled electrodes—Influence of the anode/cathode surface area ratio, Water Res., 44(6), 1918–1926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyter, D., Belanger, D., and Roue, L. (2011). Optimization of the cathode material for nitrate removal by a paired electrolysis process, J. Hazard. Mater., 192(2), 507–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, J., Birdja, Y. Y., and Koper, M. T. (2015). Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction by a cobalt protoporphyrin immobilized on a pyrolytic graphite electrode, Langmuir, 31(30), 8495–8501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, Z., and Wang, J. (2011). Biological denitrification using cross-linked starch/PCL blends as solid carbon source and biofilm carrier, Bioresour. Technol., 102(19), 8835–8838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, J. F., Ruzybayev, I., Shah, I., and Huang, C. P. (2016). The electrochemical reduction of nitrate over micro-architectured metal electrodes with stainless steel scaffold, Appl. Catal. B Environ., 180, 199–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tepuš, B., Simonič, M., and Petrinić, I. (2009). Comparison between nitrate and pesticide removal from ground water using adsorbents and NF and RO membranes, J. Hazard. Mater., 170(2), 1210–1217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Q., Zhao, X., Zhang, J., and Zhang, X. (2015). Investigation of nitrate reduction on polycrystalline Pt nanoparticles with controlled crystal plane, J. Electroanal. Chem., 755, 210–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. (2004). Nitrates and Nitrites in Drinking Water, World Health Organization, Geneva.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, W., Yang, F., and Yang, L. (2012). Biological denitrification with a novel biodegradable polymer as carbon source and biofilm carrier, Bioresour. Technol., 118, 136–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, C. H., Woo, C. H., and Shi, S. Q. (2004). Formation of CuO nanowires on Cu foil. Chem. Phys. Lett., 399(1–3), 62–66.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshioka, T., Iwase, K., Nakanishi, S., Hashimoto, K., and Kamiya, K. (2016). Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to nitrous oxide by a copper-modified covalent triazine framework, J. Phys. Chem. C, 120(29), 15729–15734.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Z., and Cai, X. (1988). Determination of trace nitrite by catalytic polarography in ferrous iron thiocyanate medium, J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem., 252(2), 361–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, Y., Liang, J., Chen, Y., and Liu, Z. (2014). Economical and green synthesis of Cu nanowires and their use as a catalyst for selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde, RSC Adv., 4(78), 41683–41689.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar