2,588
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Politics Divided from Society? Three Explanations for Trends in Societal and Political Polarisation in the Netherlands

Pages 258-279 | Published online: 18 Feb 2010

References

  • Aarts Kees Henk Van der Kolk Martin Rosema 2007 Een Verdeeld Electoraat: De Tweede Kamerverkiezingen van 2006 Utrecht Spectrum
  • Abramowitz , Alan I. and Saunders , Kyle L. 1998 . ‘Ideological Realignment in the U.S. Electorate’ . Journal of Politics , 60 : 634 – 52 .
  • Achterberg , Peter H.J. 2006 . ‘Het einde van links en rechts: realiteit of populaire mythe?’ . Mens en Maatschappij , 81 ( 1 ) : 51 – 63 .
  • Adams , James F. , Merill , Samuel III and Grofman , Bernard . 2005 . A Unified Theory of Party Competition: A Cross-National Analysis Integrating Spatial and Behavioral Factors , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Adriaansen , Maud , Van der Burg , Wouter and Van Spanje , Joost . 2005 . “ ‘De Kiezer op Drift?’ ” . In Politiek en Media in Verwarring: De Verkiezingscampagnes in het Lange Jaar 2002 , Edited by: Brants , Kees and Van Praag , Philip . 218 – 43 . Amsterdam : Het Spinhuis .
  • Aldrich , John H. 1983 . ‘A Spatial Model with Party Activists: Implications for Electoral Dynamics’ . Public Choice , 41 : 63 – 100 .
  • Aldrich , John H. 1995 . Why Parties? The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Aldrich , John H. and Rohde , David W. 2001 . “ ‘The Logic of Conditional Party Government: Revisiting the Electoral Connection’ ” . In Congress Reconsidered , Edited by: Dodd , Lawrence C. and Oppenheime , Bruce I. 269 – 292 . Washington , DC : CQ Press .
  • Alvarez , Michael R. and Nagler , Jonathan . 2004 . ‘Party System Compactness: Measurement and Consequences’ . Political Analysis , 12 : 46 – 62 .
  • Bernstein , Robert A. 1995 . ‘Directing Electoral Appeals away from the Center: Issue Position and Issue Salience’ . Political Research Quarterly , 48 ( 3 ) : 479 – 505 .
  • Bovens , Mark and Wille , Anchrit . 2006 . ‘Waar Bleef het Vertrouwen in de Overheid?’ . Bestuurskunde , 4 : 50 – 64 .
  • Brady , Henry E. , Verba , Sidney and Schlozman , Kay L. 1995 . ‘Beyond SES: A Resource Model of Political Participation’ . American Political Science Review , 89 ( 2 ) : 271 – 94 .
  • Budge , Ian , Klingemann , Hans-Dieter , Volkens , Andrea , Bara , Judith and Tanenbaum , Eric . 2000 . Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments 1945–1998 , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Burden , Barry C. 2001 . “ ‘The Polarizing Effects of Congressional Primaries’ ” . In Congressional Primaries in the Politics of Representation , Edited by: Galderisi , Peter F. , Lyons , Michael and Ezra , Marni . Lanham , MD : Rowman and Littlefield .
  • Collie , Melissa P. and Mason , John L. 2000 . “ ‘The Electoral Connection between Party and Constituency Reconsidered: Evidence from the U.S. House of Representatives, 1972–1994’ ” . In Continuity and Change in House Elections , Edited by: Brady , David W. , Cogan , John F. and Fiorina , Morris P. 211 – 35 . Stanford , CA : Stanford University Press .
  • Converse , Philip E. 1964 . “ ‘The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics’ ” . In Ideology and Discontent , Edited by: Apter , David E. 206 – 61 . New York : Free Press .
  • Dalton , Russel J. 1985 . ‘Political Parties and Political Representation: Party Supports and Party Elites in Nine Nations’ . Comparative Political Studies , 18 : 267 – 99 .
  • Dalton , Russel J. 2008 . ‘The Quantity and the Quality of Party Systems: Party System Polarization, its Measurement, and its Consequences’ . Comparative Political Studies , 41 ( 7 ) : 899 – 920 .
  • DiMaggio , Paul , Evans , John and Bryson , Bethany . 1996 . ‘Have Americans’ Social Attitudes become more Polarized?’ . American Journal of Sociology , 102 ( 3 ) : 690 – 755 .
  • Duclos , Jean-Yves , Esteban , Joan M. and Ray , Debraj . 2004 . ‘Polarization: Concepts, Measurement, Estimation’ . Econometrica , 72 ( 6 ) : 1737 – 72 .
  • Esteban , Joan and Ray , Debraj . 1994 . ‘On the Measurement of Polarization’ . Econometrica , 62 ( 4 ) : 819 – 51 .
  • Ezrow , Lawrence . 2007 . ‘The Variance Matters: How Party Systems Represent the Preferences of Voters’ . Journal of Politics , 69 ( 1 ) : 182 – 92 .
  • Ezrow , Lawrence , De Vries , Catherine E. , Steenbergen , Marco and Edwards , Erica E. 2008 . “ ‘Dynamic Representation versus Dynamic Correspondence’. Paper presented at the Analyzing European Politics in the 21st Century Conference of the European Union Center of Excellence ” . Texas . 27–30 July
  • Fiorina , Morris P. ‘What Ever Happened to the Median Voter?’ . Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association . Chicago . 2 October
  • Fiorina , Morris P. 2005 . Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America , New York : Pearson/Longman .
  • Fleisher , Richard and Bond , Jon R. 2000 . “ ‘Partisanship and the President's Quest for Votes on the Floor of Congress’ ” . In Polarized Politics: Congress and the President in a Partisan Era , Edited by: Bond , Jon R. and Fleisher , Richard . 154 – 85 . Washington, DC : Congressional Quarterly Press .
  • Halsema , Femke and Snels , Bart . 2005 . ‘Nu Waakt Links over Vrijheid’ . De Volkskrant , 10 : 20 – 21 .
  • Hetherington , Marc J. 2001 . ‘Resurgent Mass Partisanship: The Role of Elite Polarization’ . American Political Science Review , 95 ( 3 ) : 619 – 56 .
  • Hetherington , Marc J. 2009 . ‘Putting Polarization in Perspective’ . British Journal of Political Science , 39 ( 2 ) : 413 – 48 .
  • Jacobson , Gary . ‘The Electoral Basis of Partisan Polarization in Congress’ . Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association . Washington , DC, 31 August–3 September .
  • King , Loren A. 2003 . ‘Deliberation, Legitimacy, and Multilateral Democracy’ . Governance , 16 ( 1 ) : 23 – 50 .
  • Kleinnijenhuis , Jan , Oegema , Dirk , De Ridder , Jan A. , van Hoof , Anita M.J. and Vliegenthart , Rens . 2003 . De Puinhopen in het Nieuws: De Rol van de Media bij de Tweede-Kamerverkiezingen van 2002 , Alphen aan den Rijn : Kluwer .
  • Klingemann , Hans-Dieter , Volkens , Andrea , Bara , Judith , Budge , Ian and McDonald , Michael . 2006 . Mapping Policy Preferences-II. Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments in Eastern Europe, European Union and OECD 1990–2003 , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Layman , Geoffrey C. and Carsey , Thomas M. 2002 . ‘Party Polarization and Conflict Extension in the American Electorate’ . American Journal of Political Science , 46 ( 4 ) : 786 – 802 .
  • Layman , Geoffrey C. , Carsey , Thomas M. and Horowitz , Juliana M. 2006 . ‘Party Polarization in American Politics’ . Annual Review of Political Science , 9 : 83 – 110 .
  • Lindaman , Kara and Haider-Markel , Donald P. 2002 . ‘Issue Evolution, Political Parties, and the Culture Wars’ . Political Research Quarterly , 55 ( 1 ) : 91 – 110 .
  • Lunshof , Kees . 2003 . Van Polderen tot Polariseren , Amsterdam : Bert Bakker .
  • Mair , Peter . 1997 . Party System Change: Approaches and Interpretations , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Mair , Peter . 2008 . ‘Electoral Volatility and the Dutch Party System: A Comparative Perspective’ . Acta Politica , 43 : 2 – 3 . 235–53
  • May , John D. 1973 . ‘Opinion Structure of Political Parties: The Special Law of Curvilinear Disparity’ . Political Studies , 21 ( 2 ) : 135 – 51 .
  • Miller , Gary and Schofield , Norman . 2003 . ‘Activists and Partisan Realignment in the United States’ . American Political Science Review , 97 ( 2 ) : 245 – 60 .
  • Oosterwaal , Annemarije . 2007 . The Polarization of Politics and Society in Multiparty Democracies: Discrepancy between Political Platforms and Societal Preference on Ethnic Integration Policy in the Netherlands , Utrecht : Utrecht University .
  • Parry , Geraint . 2005 . Political Elites , Oxford : ECPR Press .
  • Pellikaan , Huib . 2002 . “ ‘Partijen in een Politieke Ruimte’ ” . In DNPP Jaarboek , Edited by: Voerman , Gerrit . 206 – 20 . Groningen : DNPP .
  • Pellikaan , Huib and Trappenburg , Margo . 2003 . Politiek in de Multiculturele Samenleving , Amsterdam : Boom .
  • Pennings , Paul . 1998 . “ ‘The Triad of Party System Change: Votes, Office and Policy’ ” . In Comparing Party System Change , Edited by: Pennings , Paul and Lane , Jan-Erik . 79 – 100 . London : Routledge .
  • Pennings , Paul . 2005 . ‘Parties, Voters and Policy Priorities in the Netherlands 1971–2002’ . Party Politics , 11 ( 1 ) : 22 – 45 .
  • Pennings , Paul and Keman , Hans . 2003 . ‘The Dutch Parliamentary Elections in 2002 and 2003: The Rise and Decline of the Fortuyn Movement’ . Acta Politica , 38 ( 1 ) : 51 – 68 .
  • Poole , Keith T. and Rosenthal , Howard . 1997 . Congress: A Political–Economic History of Roll Call Voting , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Powell , Bingham G. 1982 . Contemporary Democracies: Participation, Stability and Violence , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Rohde , David W. 1991 . Parties and Leaders in the Post-Reform House , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Sartori , Giovanni . 1976 . Parties and Party Systems , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Saunders , Kyle L. and Abramowitz , Alan I. 2004 . ‘Ideological Realignment and Active Partisans in the American Electorate’ . American Politics Research , 32 : 285 – 309 .
  • Schattschneider , Elmer E. 1957 . ‘Intensity, Visibility, Direction and Scope’ . The American Political Science Review , 51 ( 4 ) : 933 – 42 .
  • Sniderman , Paul , M. , Brody , Richard and Tetlock , Philip . 1991 . Reasoning and Choice: Explorations in Political Psychology , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Thomson , Robert . 2001 . ‘The Programme to Policy Linkage: The Fulfilment of Election Pledges on Socio-Economic Policy in the Netherlands, 1986–1998’ . European Journal of Political Research , 40 : 171 – 97 .
  • Tiemeijer , Will . 2006 . Het Geheim van de Burger , Amsterdam : Aksant .
  • Torenvlied , René and Haarhuis , Carolien M. 2008 . ‘Polarization, Fractionalization, and Policy Reform: Anti-Corruption Policymaking in Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries’ . Journal of Peace Research , 45 ( 2 ) : 223 – 240 .
  • Van der Eijk , Cees . 2001 . ‘Measuring Agreement in Ordered Rating Scales’ . Quality and Quantity , 35 : 325 – 41 .
  • Van der Lubben , Sebastiaan . 2006 . “ ‘Politieke Ruimte’ ” . In Ruimte op Rechts? , Edited by: Pellikaan , Huib and Van der Lubben , Sebastiaan . 44 – 67 . Utrecht : Het Spectrum .
  • Van Holsteyn , Joop J.M. and Den Ridder , Josje . 2005 . Alles Blijft Anders: Nederlandse Kiezers en Verkiezingen in het Begin van de 21e Eeuw , Amsterdam : Aksant .
  • Van Kersbergen , Kees and Krouwel , André . 2008 . ‘A Double-Edged Sword! The Dutch Centre-Right and the “Foreigners Issue”’ . Journal of European Public Policy , 15 ( 3 ) : 398 – 414 .
  • Van Wijnen , Pieter . 2000 . “ ‘Ideologische Oriëntaties en Stemgedrag’ ” . In Politieke Veranderingen in Nederland 1971–1998 , Edited by: Thomassen , Jacques , Aarts , Kees and Van der Kolk , Hans . 139 – 51 . The Hague : SDU Uitgevers .
  • Wansink , Hans . 2004 . De Erfenis van Fortuyn , Amsterdam : Meulenhoff .
  • Weissberg , Robert . 1978 . ‘Collective versus Dyadic Representation in Congress’ . American Political Science Review , 72 : 535 – 47 .
  • Wessels , Bernhard . 1999 . “ ‘System Characteristics Matter. Empirical Evidence from Ten Representation Studies’ ” . In Policy Representation in Western Democracies , Edited by: Miller , Warren , Holmberg , Sören and Pierce , Roy . 137 – 61 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • WRR . 2007 . In Debat over Nederland , Amsterdam : University Press .
  • Zhelyazkova , Asya and Torenvlied , René . 2009 . ‘The Time-Dependent Effect of Conflict in the Council on Delays in the Transposition of EU Directives’ . European Union Politics , 10 ( 1 ) : 35 – 62 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.