Who is responsible? The effect of clarity of responsibility on voter turnout

References

• Abramson, Paul R., and John H. Aldrich. (1982). ‘The Decline of Electoral Participation in America’, American Political Science Review, 76:3, 502–521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldrich, John H. (1993). ‘Rational Choice and Turnout’, American Journal of Political Science, 37:1, 246–278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, Christopher J. (2000). ‘Economic Voting and Political Context: A Comparative Perspective’, Electoral Studies, 19:2, 151–170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armingeon, K., M. Gerber, P. Leimgruber, M. Beyeler, and S. Menegale. 2008. Codebook: Comparative Political Sata Set I, 1960–2005. Institute of Political Science, University of Berne.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, Nathaniel and Jonathan N. Katz. (1995). ‘What To Do (And Not To Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data’, American Political Science Review, 89:3, 634–647.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bengtsson, Åsa (2004). ‘Economic Voting: The Effect of Political Context, Volatility and Turnout on Voters Assignment of Responsibility’, European Journal of Political Research, 43:5, 749–767.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blais, André (2000). To Vote or Not to Vote? The Merits and Limits of Rational Choice Theory. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
   Google Scholar
• Blais, André (2006). ‘What Affects Voter Turnout?’, Annual Review of Political Science, 9, 111–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blais, André (2014). ‘Why is Turnout so Low in Switzerland? Comparing the Attitudes of Swiss and German Citizens Towards Electoral Democracy’, Swiss Political Science Review, 20:4, 520–528.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blais, André, and Agnieszka Dobrzynska (1998). ‘Turnout in Electoral Democracies’, European Journal of Political Research, 33:2, 239–261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blais, André, and Kees Aarts (2006). ‘Electoral Systems and Turnout’, Acta Politica, 41:2, 180–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blais, André, Richard Nadeau, Elisabeth Gidengil, and Neil Nevitte (2001). ‘Measuring Strategic Voting in Multiparty Plurality Elections’, Electoral Studies, 20:3, 343–352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolt, Jutta, and Jan Luiten Zanden (2014). ‘The Maddison Project: Collaborative Research on Historical National Accounts’, The Economic History Review, 67:3, 627–651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brockington, David (2004). ‘The Paradox of Proportional Representation: The Effect of Party Systems and Coalitions on Individuals’ Electoral Participation’, Political Studies, 52:3, 469–490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, A., P. E. Converse, W. E. Miller, and D. E. Stokes. (1960). The American Voter. New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Cancela, João, and Benny Geys (2016). ‘Explaining Voter Turnout: A Meta-Analysis of National and Subnational Elections’, Electoral Studies, 42, 264–275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlin, R. E., and G. J. Love. (2013). ‘The Politics of Interpersonal Trust and Reciprocity: An Experimental Approach’, Political Behavior, 35:1, 43–63.
   Google Scholar
• Carlin, Ryan E., Matthew M. Singer, and Elizabeth J. Zechmeister (2015). The Latin American Voter: Pursuing Representation and Accountability in Challenging Contexts. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cox, Gary W. (1999). ‘Electoral Rules and the Calculus of Mobilization’, Legislative Studies Quarterly, 24:3, 387–419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, Gary W., Jon H. Fiva, and Daniel M. Smith (2016). ‘The Contraction Effect: How Proportional Representation Affects Mobilization and Turnout’, Journal of Politics, 78:4, 1249–1263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler, Fred (2004). ‘Government Responsibility and Electoral Accountability in Federations’, Publius, 34:2, 19–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler, Fred (2008). ‘Whodunnit? Voters and Responsibility in Canadian Federalism’, Canadian Journal of Political Science, 41:3, 627–654.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlberg, Stefan, and Maria Solevid (2016). ‘Does Corruption Suppress Voter Turnout?’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 26:4, 489–510.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dassonneville, Ruth, and Michael S. Lewis-Beck (2017). ‘Rules, Institutions and the Economic Vote: Clarifying Clarity of Responsibility’, West European Politics, 40:3, 534–559.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dettrey, Bryan J., and Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer (2009). ‘Voter Turnout in Presidential Democracies’, Comparative Political Studies, 42:10, 1317–1338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downs, Anthony (1957). ‘An Economic Theory of Political Action in a Democracy’, Journal of Political Economy, 65:2, 135–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duch, Raymond M., and Randy Stevenson (2010). ‘The Global Economy, Competency, and the Economic Vote’, The Journal of Politics, 72:1, 105–123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endersby, James W., and Jonathan T. Krieckhaus (2008). ‘Turnout Around the Globe: The Influence of Electoral Institutions on National Voter Participation, 1972–2000’, Electoral Studies, 27:4, 601–610.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorina, Morris P. (1981). Retrospective Voting in American National Elections. New Haven, CO: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fornos, Carolina A., Timothy J. Power, and James C. Garand (2004). ‘Explaining Voter Turnout in Latin America, 1980–2000’, Comparative Political Studies, 37:8, 909–940.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, Mark N. (1999). ‘Electoral Engineering and Cross-National Turnout Differences: What Role for Compulsory Voting?’, British Journal of Political Science, 29:01, 205–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, M. N. (2004). Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gallego, Aina (2010). ‘Understanding Unequal Turnout: Education and Voting in Comparative Perspective’, Electoral Studies, 29:2, 239–248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geys, Benny (2006). ‘Explaining Voter Turnout: A Review of Aggregate-Level Research’, Electoral Studies, 25:4, 637–663.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gil de Zúñiga, Homero, Trevor Diehl, and Alberto Ardévol-Abreu (2017). ‘Internal, External, and Government Political Efficacy: Effects on News Use, Discussion, and Political Participation’, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 61:3, 574–596.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gleditsch, Nils Petter, Peter Wallensteen, Mikael Eriksson, Margareta Sollenberg, and Håvard Strand (2002). ‘Armed Conflict 1946–2001: A New Dataset’, Journal of Peace Research, 39:5, 615–637.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, Mark, and Miki Caul (2000). ‘Declining Voter Turnout in Advanced Industrial Democracies, 1950 to 1997: The Effects of Declining Group Mobilization’, Comparative Political Studies, 33:9, 1091–1122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harder, Joshua, and Jon A. Krosnick (2008). ‘Why do People Vote? A Psychological Analysis of the Causes of Voter Turnout’, Journal of Social Issues, 64:3, 525–549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellwig, Timothy, and David Samuels (2007). ‘Voting in Open Economies the Electoral Consequences of Globalization’, Comparative Political Studies, 40:3, 283–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellwig, Timothy, and David Samuels (2008). ‘Electoral Accountability and the Variety of Democratic Regimes’, British Journal of Political Science, 38:1, 65–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S., and Robert Klemmensen (2006). Welfare to Vote: The Effect of Government Spending on Turnout. In Midwest Political Science Association Annual Meeting.
   Google Scholar
• Hobolt, Sara, James Tilley, and Susan Banducci (2013). ‘Clarity of Responsibility: How Government Cohesion Conditions Performance Voting’, European Journal of Political Research, 52:2, 164–187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackman, Robert W. (1987). ‘Political Institutions and Voter Turnout in the Industrial Democracies’, American Political Science Review, 81:2, 405–423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackman, Robert W., and Ross A. Miller (1995). ‘Voter Turnout in the Industrial Democracies During the 1980s’, Comparative Political Studies, 27:4, 467–492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, Christian B., and Jae-Jae Spoon (2011). ‘Compelled Without Direction: Compulsory Voting and Party System Spreading’, Electoral Studies, 30:4, 700–711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karp, Jeffrey A., and Susan A. Banducci (2008). ‘Political Efficacy and Participation in Twenty-Seven Democracies: How Electoral Systems Shape Political Behaviour’, British Journal of Political Science, 38:02, 311–334.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keele, Luke, and Nathan J. Kelly (2005). ‘Dynamic Models for Dynamic Theories: The Ins and Outs of Lagged Dependent Variables’, Political Analysis, 14:2, 186–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellstedt, P. M., and G. D. Whitten. (2018). The Fundamentals of Political Science Research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• King, Gary, Michael Tomz, and Jason Wittenberg (2000). ‘Making the Most of Statistical Analyses: Improving Interpretation and Presentation’, American Journal of Political Science, 44:2, 347–361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostadinova, T. (2003). ‘Voter Turnout Dynamics in Post?Communist Europe’, European Journal of Political Research, 42:6, 741–759.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuenzi, Michelle, and Gina MS Lambright (2007). ‘Voter Turnout in Africa’s Multiparty Regimes’, Comparative Political Studies, 40:6, 665–690.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis-Beck, Michael S., and Brad Lockerbie (1989). ‘Economics, Votes, Protests Western European Cases’, Comparative Political Studies, 22:2, 155–177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis-Beck, Michael S., and Mary Stegmaier (2009). ‘American Voter to Economic Voter: Evolution of an Idea’, Electoral Studies, 28:4, 625–631.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lijphart, Arend (1997). ‘Unequal Participation: Democracy’s Unresolved Dilemma’, American Political Science Review, 91:1, 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louth, Jonathon, and Lisa Hill (2005). ‘Compulsory Voting in Australia: Turnout With and Without It’, Australian Review of Public Affairs, 6:1, 25–37.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, Monty G. (2013). Polity IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800–2013, available at www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Nadeau, Richard, Richard G. Niemi, and Antoine Yoshinaka (2002). ‘A Cross-National Analysis of Economic Voting: Taking Account of the Political Context Across Time and Nations’, Electoral Studies, 21:3, 403–423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popkin, Samuel L. (1994). The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Campaigns. London: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, G Bingham (2000). Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Powell Jr, G. Bingham (1986). ‘American Voter Turnout in Comparative Perspective’, American Political Science Review, 80:1,17–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell Jr, G. Bingham, and Guy D. Whitten (1993). ‘A Cross-National Analysis of Economic Voting: Taking Account of the Political Context’, American Journal of Political Science, 37:2, 391–414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radcliff, Benjamin (1992). ‘The Welfare State, Turnout, and the Economy: A Comparative Analysis’, American Political Science Review, 86:2, 444–454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins, Joseph W., and Lance Y. Hunter (2012). ‘Impact of Electoral Volatility and Party Replacement on Voter Turnout Levels’, Party Politics, 18:6, 919–939.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenstone, Steven J., and John Hansen (1993). Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America. Macmillan Publishing Company,
   Google Scholar
• Schakel, Arjan H., and Régis Dandoy (2014). ‘Electoral Cycles and Turnout in Multilevel Electoral Systems’, West European Politics, 37:3, 605–623.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selb, Peter. (2009). ‘A Deeper Look at the Proportionality Turnout Nexus’, Comparative Political Studies, 42:4, 527–548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, Thiago, and Guy D. Whitten (2017). ‘Clarity of Responsibility and Vote Choice’, The SAGE Handbook of Electoral Behaviour, 80.
   Google Scholar
• Stockemer, Daniel (2017). ‘What Affects Voter Turnout? A Review Article/Meta-Analysis of Aggregate Research’, Government and Opposition, 52:4, 698–722.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockemer, Daniel, Bernadette LaMontagne, and Lyle Scruggs (2013). ‘Bribes and Ballots: The Impact of Corruption on Voter Turnout in Democracies’, International Political Science Review, 34:1, 74–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockemer, Daniel, and Lyle Scruggs (2012). ‘Income Inequality, Development and Electoral Turnout–New Evidence on a Burgeoning Debate’, Electoral Studies, 31:4, 764–773.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockemer, Daniel, and Patricia Calca (2012). ‘Presidentialism and Voter Turnout in Legislative Elections’, Parliamentary Affairs, 67:3, 561–583.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taagepera, Rein, Peter Selb, and Bernard Grofman (2014). “How Turnout Depends on the Number of Parties/District Magnitude A Logical Model.” Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 24:4, 393–413.
   Google Scholar
• Tavits, Margit (2007). ‘Clarity of Responsibility and Corruption’, American Journal of Political Science, 51:1, 218–229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Conference Board. (2014). Total Economy Database: Real Gross Domestic Product, available at www.conference-board.org/data/economydatabase.
   Google Scholar
• Tillman, Erik R. (2008). ‘Economic Judgments, Party Choice, and Voter Abstention in Cross-National Perspective’, Comparative Political Studies, 41:9, 1290–1309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillman, Erik R. (2015). ‘Pre-Electoral Coalitions and Voter Turnout’, Party Politics, 21:5, 726–737.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Egmond, Marcel H., Eliyahu V. Sapir, Wouter van der Brug, Sara B. Hobolt, and Mark N. Franklin (2010). EES 2009 Voter Study Advance Release Notes. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: University of Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Wattenberg, Martin P. (2002). Where Have All the Voters Gone? London: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar