Generational (re)alignment: emerging issues and new voters in Western Europe

References

• Aldrich, John H., Gregory S. Schober, Sandra Ley, and Marco Fernandez (2018). ‘Incognizance and Perceptual Deviation: Individual and Institutional Sources of Variation in Citizens’ Perceptions of Party Placements on the Left–Right Scale’, Political Behavior, 40:2, 415–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartels, Lary M., and Simon Jackman (2014). ‘A Generational Model of Political Learning’, Electoral Studies, 33, 7–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, Andrew (2020). ‘Age Period Cohort Analysis: A Review of What We Should and Shouldn’t Do’, Annals of Human Biology, 47:2, 208–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonen, Joris, Eva F. Pedersen, and Marc Hooghe (2017). ‘The Effect of Political Sophistication and Party Identification on Voter–Party Congruence: A Comparative Analysis of 30 Countries’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 27:3, 311–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornschier, Simon (2010). ‘The New Cultural Divide and the Two-Dimensional Political Space in Western Europe’, West European Politics, 33:3, 419–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmines, Edward G., and James A. Stimson (1981). ‘Issue Evolution, Population Replacement, and Normal Partisan Change’, American Political Science Review, 75:1, 107–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmines, Edward G., and James A. Stimson (1989). Issue Evolution: Race and the Transformation of American Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Costello, Rory, Dimiter Toshkov, Barend Bos, and André Krouwel (2021). ‘Congruence between Voters and Parties: The Role of Party-Level Issue Salience’, European Journal of Political Research, 60:1, 92–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton, Russell J. (1984). ‘Cognitive Mobilization and Partisan Dealignment in Advanced Industrial Democracies’, The Journal of Politics, 46:1, 264–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton, Russell J., and Scott E. Flanagan (1985). Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies: Realignment or Dealignment? Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dalton, Russel J., Ian McAllister, and Martin Wattenberg (2000). ‘The Consequences of Partisan Dealignment’, in Russell J. Dalton and Martin Wattenberg (eds.), Parties without Partisans. New York: Oxford University Press, 37–63.
   Google Scholar
• Dalton, Russell J., and Ian McAllister (2014). ‘Random Walk or Planned Excursion? Continuity and Change in the Left–Right Positions of Political Parties’, Comparative Political Studies, 48:6, 759–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dassonneville, Ruth (2016). ‘Volatile Voters, Short-Term Choices? An Analysis of the Vote Choice Determinants of Stable and Volatile Voters in Great Britain’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 26:3, 273–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devine, Daniel, and Raimondas Ibenskas (2021). ‘From Convergence to Congruence: European Integration and Citizen-Elite Congruence’, European Union Politics, 22:4, 676–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vries, Catherine E. (2010). ‘EU Issue Voting: Asset or Liability?: How European Integration Affects Parties’ Electoral Fortunes’, European Union Politics, 11:1, 89–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vries, Catherine E. (2018). ‘The Cosmopolitan-Parochial Divide: Changing Patterns of Party and Electoral Competition in The Netherlands and Beyond’, Journal of European Public Policy, 25:11, 1541–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vries, Catherine E., Armen Hakhverdian, and Bram Lancee (2013). ‘The Dynamics of Voters’ Left/Right Identification: The Role of Economic and Cultural Attitudes’, Political Science Research and Methods, 1:2, 223–38.
   Google Scholar
• Dennison, James, and Andrew Geddes (2019). ‘A Rising Tide? The Salience of Immigration and the Rise of anti-Immigration Political Parties in Western Europe’, The Political Quarterly, 90:1, 107–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimock, Michael (2019). ‘Defining Generations: Where Millennials End and Generation Z Begins’, Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2019/01/17/where-millennials-end-and-generation-z-begins/ (accessed on 12 June 2023).
   Google Scholar
• Dinas, Elias (2013). ‘Opening “Openness to Change”: Political Events and the Increased Sensitivity of Young Adults’, Political Research Quarterly, 66:4, 868–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolezal, Martin (2010). ‘Exploring the Stabilization of a Political Force: The Social and Attitudinal Basis of Green Parties in the Age of Globalization’, West European Politics, 33:3, 534–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Döring, Holger, and Sven Regel (2019). ‘Party Facts: A Database of Political Parties Worldwide’, Party Politics, 25:2, 97–109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emanuele, Vincenzo, Alessandro Chiaramonte, and Sorina Soare (2020). ‘Does the Iron Curtain Still Exist? The Convergence in Electoral Volatility between Eastern and Western Europe’, Government and Opposition, 55:2, 308–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, Geoffrey, and James Tilley (2012). ‘The Depoliticization of Inequality and Redistribution: Explaining the Decline of Class Voting’, The Journal of Politics, 74:4, 963–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, Mark N. (1992). ‘The Decline of Cleavage Politics’, in Mark N. Franklin, Thomas Mackie, and Henry Valen (eds.), Electoral Change: Responses to Evolving Social and Attitudinal Structures in Western Countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 383—405.
   Google Scholar
• Franklin, Mark N. (2004). Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies since 1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fuchs, Dieter, and Hans-Dieter Klingemann (1990). ‘The Left–Right Schema’, in Kent M. Jennings and Jan W. Van Deth (eds.), Continuities in Political Action. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 203–34.
   Google Scholar
• Glenn, Norval D. (1976). ‘Cohort Analysts’ Futile Quest: Statistical Attempts to Separate Age, Period and Cohort Effects’, American Sociological Review, 41:5, 900–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gougou, Florent, and Nonna Mayer (2012). ‘The Class Basis of Extreme Right Voting in France: Generational Replacement and the Rise of New Cultural Issues (1984–2007)’, in Jens Rydgren (ed.), Class Politics and the Radical Right. London: Routledge, 174–90.
   Google Scholar
• Grande, Edgar, Tobias Schwarzbözl, and Matthias Fatke (2019). ‘Politicizing Immigration in Western Europe’, Journal of European Public Policy, 26:10, 1444–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grasso, Maria T. (2014). ‘Age, Period and Cohort Analysis in a Comparative Context: Political Generations and Political Participation Repertoires in Western Europe’, Electoral Studies, 33, 63–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green-Pedersen, Christoffer, and Simon Otjes (2019). ‘A Hot Topic? Immigration on the Agenda in Western Europe’, Party Politics, 25:3, 424–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooghe, Liesbet, and Gary Marks (2018). ‘Cleavage Theory Meets Europe’s Crises: Lipset, Rokkan, and the Transnational Cleavage’, Journal of European Public Policy, 25:1, 109–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooghe, Marc (2004). ‘Political Socialization and the Future of Politics’, Acta Politica, 39:4, 331–41.
   Google Scholar
• Hutter, Swen, and Hanspeter Kriesi (2022). ‘Politicising Immigration in Times of Crisis’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 48:2, 341–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inglehart, Ronald (2015[1977]). The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kriesi, Hanspeter (2010). ‘Restructuration of Partisan Politics and the Emergence of a New Cleavage Based on Values’, West European Politics, 33:3, 673–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kriesi, Hanspeter, Edgar Grande, Romain Lachat, Martin Dolezal, Simon Bornschier, and Timotheos Frey (2008). West European Politics in the Age of Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kritzer, Herbert M. (1983). ‘The Identification Problem in Cohort Analysis’, Political Methodology, 9:1, 35–50.
   Google Scholar
• Krosnick, Jon A., and Duane F. Alwin (1989). ‘Aging and Susceptibility to Attitude Change’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57:3, 416–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtin, Florian, Wouter van der Brug, and Roderik Rekker (2023). ‘Generational Replacement and Green Party Support in Western Europe’, Electoral Studies, 83, 102602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindskog, Hilma, and Maria Oskarson (2023). ‘Generational Differences in Disguise? A Longitudinal Study of the Liberalising Effect of Education on Socio-Cultural Attitudes’, West European Politics, 46:3, 500–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisi, Marco, Mario Quaranta, José Real-Dato, and Emmanouil Tsatsanis (2021). ‘Assessing the Impact of Age, Cohort and Period Effects on Partisanship and Support for Mainstream Parties: Evidence from Southern Europe’, South European Society and Politics, 26:2, 239–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitteregger, Reto. (2023). ‘Overlooked Realignment? Cohort Differences in Consideration Sets’, Conference Paper Presented at the 2023 ECPR Joint Sessions, Toulouse, France.
   Google Scholar
• Mitteregger, Reto (2024). ‘Socialized with “Old Cleavages” or “New Dimensions”: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis on Electoral Support in Western European Multiparty Systems (1949-2021)’, Electoral Studies, 87, 102744.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neundorf, Anja, and Kaat Smets (2017). ‘Political Socialization and the Making of Citizens’, in Oxford Handbooks Editorial Board (eds.), Oxford Handbook Online. New York: Oxford University Press, 1–28.
   Google Scholar
• Norris, Pippa, and Ronald Inglehart (2019). Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Oesch, Daniel (2006). ‘Coming to Grips with a Changing Class Structure’, International Sociology, 21:2, 263–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Grady, Tom (2022). ‘Is Ideological Polarisation by Age Group Growing in Europe?’, European Journal of Political Research, 62:4, 1389–402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puga-Gonzalez, Ivan, David Voas, Lukasz Kiszkiel, Rachel J. Bacon, Wesley J. Wildman, Konrad Talmont-Kaminski, and F. LeRon Shults (2022). ‘Modeling Fuzzy Fidelity: Using Microsimulation to Explore Age, Period, and Cohort Effects in Secularization’, Journal of Religion and Demography, 9:1–2, 111–37.
   Google Scholar
• Rekker, Roderik (2016). ‘The Lasting Impact of Adolescence on Left–Right Identification: Cohort Replacement and Intracohort Change in Associations with Issue Attitudes’, Electoral Studies, 44, 120–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rekker, Roderik (2018). ‘Growing up in a Globalized Society: Why Younger Generations Are More Positive about the European Union’, Young, 26:4 Suppl, 56S–77S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rekker, Roderik, and Martin Rosema (2019). ‘How (Often) Do Voters Change Their Consideration Sets?’, Electoral Studies, 57, 284–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rekker, Roderik, Loes Keijsers, Susan Branje, and Wim Meeus (2015). ‘Political Attitudes in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Developmental Changes in Mean Level, Polarization, Rank-Order Stability, and Correlates’, Journal of Adolescence, 41:1, 136–47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rekker, Roderik, Loes Keijsers, Susan Branje, and Wim Meeus (2019). ‘The Formation of Party Preference in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: How and When Does It Occur in the Multiparty Context of The Netherlands?’, Young, 27:1, 48–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosset, Jan, and Christian Stecker (2019). ‘How Well Are Citizens Represented by Their Governments? Issue Congruence and Inequality in Europe’, European Political Science Review, 11:2, 145–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schäfer, Armin (2022). ‘Cultural Backlash? How (Not) to Explain the Rise of Authoritarian Populism’, British Journal of Political Science, 52:4, 1977–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuman, Howard, and Willard L. Rodgers (2004). ‘Cohorts, Chronology, and Collective Memories’, Public Opinion Quarterly, 68:2, 217–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sears, David O. (1983). ‘The Persistence of Early Political Predispositions: The Roles of Attitude Object and Life Stage’, in Ladd Wheeler and Philip Shaver (eds.), Review of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 4. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 79–116.
   Google Scholar
• Sears, David O., and Nicholas A. Valentino (1997). ‘Politics Matters: Political Events as Catalysts for Preadult Socialization’, American Political Science Review, 91:1, 45–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stecker, Christian, and Markus Tausendpfund (2016). ‘Multidimensional Government-Citizen Congruence and Satisfaction with Democracy’, European Journal of Political Research, 55:3, 492–511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner, Nils D. (2023). ‘The Shifting Issue Content of Left–Right Identification: Cohort Differences in Western Europe’, West European Politics, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2023.2214875
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg, Laurence D. (2010). Adolescence. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Stoker, Laura (2014). ‘Reflections on the Study of Generations in Politics’, The Forum, 12:3, 377–96.
   Google Scholar
• Stubager, Rune (2013). ‘The Changing Basis of Party Competition: Education, Authoritarian–Libertarian Values and Voting’, Government and Opposition, 48:3, 372–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thijs, Paula, Manfred te Grotenhuis, and Peer Scheepers (2020). ‘The Pros and Cons of Constraining Variables’, in Andrew Bell (ed.), Age, Period and Cohort Effects. New York: Routledge, 9–22.
   Google Scholar
• van der Brug, Wouter, and Mark N. Franklin (2017). ‘Generational Replacement’, in Justin Fisher, Edward Fieldhouse, Mark N. Franklin, Rachel Gibson, Marta Cantijoch, and Christopher Wlezien (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. London: Routledge, 429–42.
   Google Scholar
• van der Brug, Wouter, and Roderik Rekker (2021). ‘Dealignment, Realignment and Generational Differences in The Netherlands’, West European Politics, 44:4, 776–801.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Brug, Wouter, and Joost Van Spanje (2009). ‘Immigration, Europe and the ‘New’ Cultural Dimension’, European Journal of Political Research, 48:3, 309–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Eijk, Cees, Hermann Schmitt, and Tanja Binder (2005). ‘Left–Right Orientations and Party Choice’, in Jacques Thomassen (ed.), The European Voter. New York: Oxford University Press, 167–91.
   Google Scholar
• van der Meer, Tom W. G., Erika van Elsas, Rozemarijn Lubbe, and Wouter van der Brug (2015). ‘Are Volatile Voters Erratic, Whimsical or Seriously Picky? A Panel Study of 58 Waves into the Nature of Electoral Volatility (The Netherlands 2006-2010)’, Party Politics, 21:1, 100–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Elsas, Erika, Rozemarijn Lubbe, Tom van der Meer, and Wouter van der Brug (2014). ‘Vote Recall: A Panel Study on the Mechanisms That Explain Vote Recall Inconsistency’, International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 26:1, 18–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, Markus, D. Johann, and Sylvia Kritzinger (2012). ‘Voting at 16: Turnout and the Quality of Vote Choice’, Electoral Studies, 31:2, 372–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walczak, Agnieszka, Wouter van der Brug, and Catherine E. de Vries (2012). ‘Long- and Short-Term Determinants of Party Preferences: Inter-Generational Differences in Western and East Central Europe’, Electoral Studies, 31:2, 273–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar