1,217
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Similar Strategies, Dissimilar Outcomes: an Appraisal of the Efficacy of Turkey's Coercive Diplomacy with Syria and in Northern Iraq

Pages 587-618 | Published online: 25 Aug 2011

Bibliography

  • Ahmed , Yahya . 2008 . ‘Iraqi Kurds back PKK despite being displaced by recent fighting’ . Institute for War & Peace Reporting , 22 April
  • Amirahmadi , Hooshang and Nader , Entessar . 1993 . Iran and the Arab World , London : Macmillan .
  • Art , Robert and Patrick , Cronin . 2003 . The United States and Coercive Diplomacy , Washington, DC : US Institute of Peace .
  • Art , Robert and Robert , Jervis . 2005 . International Politics, Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Issues , New York : Pearson Longman .
  • Aydınlı , Ersel and Ümit , Özdağ . 2003 . ‘Winning a Low Intensity Conflict: Drawing Lessons from the Turkish Case’ . Review of International Affairs , 2 : 101 – 21 .
  • “ ‘Barzani'den Kürt tehdidi’ ” . In NTV 12 April 2007, <www.NTVMSNB.com/news/404921.asp>
  • “ ‘Barzani'den sıcak mesajlar’ ” . In Samanyolu Haber 12 Nov. 2008, <www.samanyoluhaber.com/haber-125173.html>
  • Bila , Fikret . 2004 . Hangi PKK? , Ankara : Ümit Yayıncılık .
  • Bölükbaşı , Süha . 1991 . ‘Ankara, Damascus, Baghdad and the Regionalization of Turkey's Kurdish Secessionism’ . Journal of South and Middle Eastern Studies , 14/4 : 15 – 36 .
  • Bozan , İrfan . İstanbul: TESEV 2007 . ‘Northern Iraq: from deadlock to dialogue’ . Foreign Policy Bulletin , 6 : 5 – 7 .
  • Butter , David . 5 Sept. 1997 . ‘Syria turns over a new leaf’ . Middle East Economic Digest , : 5
  • Byman , Daniel . Winter 2005 . ‘Passive Sponsors of Terrorism’ . Survival , 47/4 : 117 – 44 .
  • Byman , Daniel . 2005 . Deadly Connections, States that Sponsor Terrorism , New York : Cambridge UP .
  • Collins , Stephen . Jan. 2004 . ‘Dissuading State Support of Terrorism: Strikes of Sanctions? An Analysis of Dissuasion Measures Employed Against Libya’ . Studies in Conflict & Terrorism , 27/1 : 1 – 18 .
  • Ehteshami , Anoushiravan and Raymond , Hinnesbusch . 1997 . Syria and Iran: Middle Powers in a Penetrated Regional System , Routledge : London .
  • Fearon , James . 1997 . ‘Signaling Foreign Policy Interests, Tying Hands versus Sinking Costs’ . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 41/1 : 68 – 90 .
  • Freedman , Lawrence . 1998 . Strategic Coercion, Concepts and Cases , Oxford : OUP .
  • George , Alexander . 1991 . Forceful Persuasion, Coercive Diplomacy as An Alternative to War , Washington, DC : United States Institute of Peace .
  • George , Alexander . Dec. 2003 . ‘The Need for Influence Theory and Actor-Specific Behavioural Models of Adversaries’ . Comparative Strategy , 22/5 : 463 – 87 .
  • George , Alexander , David , Hall and William , Simons . 1971 . The Limits of Coercive Diplomacy, Laos, Cuba and Vietnam , Boston : Little, Brown .
  • George , Alexander and William , Simons . 1994 . The Limits of Coercive Diplomacy , Oxford : Westview Press .
  • Gunter , Michael . Summer 1988 . ‘The Kurdish Problem in Turkey’ . Middle East Journal , 42/3 : 389 – 406 .
  • Gunter , Michael . Spring 1996 . ‘The Iraqi National Congress (INC) and the Future of the Iraqi Opposition’ . Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies , 19/3 : 1 – 20 .
  • Gunter , Michael . Spring 1997 . ‘The Foreign Policy of the Iraqi Kurds’ . Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies , 20/3 : 1 – 19 .
  • İmset , İsmet . 1992 . The PKK: A Report on Separatist Violence in Turkey (1973–1992) , Ankara : Turkish Daily News Publications .
  • International Crisis Group . 13 Nov. 2008 . ‘Turkey and Iraqi Kurds: Conflict and Cooperation?’ . Middle East Report , 81
  • International Institute for Strategic Studies . July 2005 . ‘Kurdish Militancy in Turkey’ . Strategic Comments , 11/5
  • International Institute for Strategic Studies . 2007 . The Military Balance 2007 , London : Routledge for IISS .
  • Jakobsen , Peter Viggo . 1998 . Western Use of Coercive Diplomacy after the Cold War, a Challenge for Theory and Practice , Basingstoke, UK : Macmillan Press .
  • Jenkins , Gareth . 7 March 2008 . ‘A military analysis of Turkey's incursion into northern Iraq’ . Terrorism Monitor , 6/5 <www.jamestown.org>
  • Jenkins , Gareth . 10 March 2008 . ‘Talabani Condemns PKK, Calls on Turkey to Engage with KRG’ . Eurasia Daily Monitor , 5/45 <www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_ id=427&issue_id=4415&article_id=2372871>
  • Kibaroğlu , Mustafa . 24 July 2007 . ‘The CHP's role in pushing Turkey toward a cross-border operation’ . Terrorism Focus , 4 ( /24 ) <www.jamestown.org>
  • Kirişci , Kemal and Gareth , Winrow . 2002 . Kürt Sorunu, Kökeni ve Gelişimi , İstanbul : Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları .
  • Kut , Gün . Fall 1993 . ‘Burning Waters: The Hydropolitics of the Euphrates and Tigris’ . New Perspectives on Turkey , 9/3
  • Lowe , Robert . Jan. 2006 . ‘The Syrian Kurds: A People Discovered’ . Chatham House Briefing Paper ,
  • Lundgren , Asa . 2007 . The Unwelcome Neighbour: Turkey's Kurdish Policy , London : I.B.Tauris .
  • Melhem , Hisham . Spring 1997 . ‘Syria between two transitions’ . Middle East Report , 203 : 3
  • Minutes of UN General Assembly A/C.1/53/PV.5, <http://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/PRO/N98/860/71/pdf/N9886071.pdf?OpenElement>
  • Neff , Donald . 24 April 1998 . ‘Money – the great lubricant’ . Middle East International , : 8
  • ‘Öcalan: Barzani PKK'yi yem görmemeli’ <www.rojaciwan.com/modules.php?name=News& file=article&sid=27524>
  • Olson , Robert . 2001 . Turkey's Relations with Iran, Syria, Israel and Russia, 1991–2000 , California : Mazda Publishers .
  • Özcan , Nihat Ali . 1999 . PKK Tarihi, İdeolojisi ve Yöntemi , Ankara : ASAM .
  • Özdağ , Ümit . 2007 . Türk Ordusunun PKK Operasyonları, 1984–2007 , İstanbul : Pegasus .
  • Park , Bill . Turkey's Policy towards Northern Iraq: Problems and Prospects . Adelphi Paper 374 . London : IISS .
  • Perthes , Volker . Syria under Bashar Al-Asad: Modernisation and the Limits of Change . Adelphi Paper 366 . New York : OUP .
  • Pope , Nicole . 1998 . ‘War on the Underworld?’ . Middle East International , 18 Sept : 12
  • Pope , Nicole . 1998 . ‘Outlawing Dissent’ . Middle East International , 2 Oct. : 12
  • Prunckun , Henry Jr. and Philip , Mohr . 1997 . ‘Military Deterrence of International Terrorism: An Evaluation of Operation El Dorado Canyon’ . Studies in Conflict Terrorism , 20/3 : 267 – 80 .
  • Rathmell , Andrew . 1996 . ‘The Encirclement of Syria’ . Middle East International , 10 May : 19
  • Robins , Philip . Suits and Uniforms: Turkish Foreign Policy since the Cold War , London : Hurst 2003 .
  • Sarıibrahimoğlu , Lale . 14 Nov. 2007 . ‘US works with Turkey to counter PKK in Iraq’ . Jane's Defence Weekly ,
  • ‘Secretary-General meets with Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria and Arab League to discuss efforts to defuse tension between Turkey and Syria’ . UN Press Release . SG/SM/6742, 13 Oct. 1998, <www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1998/19981013.sgsm6742.html>
  • Stansfield , Gareth Robert , Lowe . Dec. 2007 . ‘The Kurdish Policy Imperative’ . Chatham House Briefing Report ,
  • Trager , Robert and Dessislava , Zagorcheva . Winter 2005–06 . ‘Deterring Terrorism, It Can Be Done’ . International Security , 30/3 : 87 – 123 .
  • 1998 . Turkish National Assembly Minutes Journal , 62 1 Oct
  • 1998 . Turkish National Assembly Minutes Journal , 63 7 Oct
  • Uslu , Emrullah . 24 June 2008 . “ ‘Can Turkey's Anti-Terrorism Cooperation with Iran Lead to a Strategic Partnership?’ ” . In Terrorism Focus <www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache= 1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=5012>
  • Wijk , de Rob . Winter 2002 . ‘The Limits of Military Power’ . Washington Quarterly , 25/1 : 75 – 92 .
  • Yetkin , Murat . 2004 . Kürt Kapanı, Şam'dan İmralı' ya Öcalan , İstanbul : Remzi Kitabevi .
  • Zisser , Eyal . 2000 . ‘Clues to the Syrian Puzzle’ . Washington Quarterly , 23/2 : 79 – 90 .
  • Zisser , Eyal . 2001 . Asad's Legacy, Syria in Transition , London : Hurst .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.