The cyclic loading of saline ice

References

• Anglada , M. and Guiu , F. 1981 . Phil. Mag. A , 44 : 523 – 541 .
   Google Scholar
• Assur , A. Proceedings of the Conference on Arctic Sea Ice . February 24–27 1958 , Easton, Maryland. pp. 106 – 138 . Washington, D.C. : National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council . National Research Council Publication No. 598
   Google Scholar
• Biermann , H. , Ungar , T. , Pfannenmuller , T. , Hoffmann , G. , Borbely , A. and Mughrari , H. 1993 . Acta metall. Mater. , 41 : 2743 – 2753 .
   Google Scholar
• Bowman , K. J. and Gibala , R. 1992 . Acta metal. mater. , 40 : 193 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Chang , L. N. , Taylor , G. and Christian , J. W. 1983 . Acta metall. Mater. , 31 : 37 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Cole , D. M. 1990a . Cold Regions Science and Technol. , 18 : 303 – 321 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering . February 18–23 , Houston, TX. Vol. 4 , pp. 265 – 271 . New York : American Society of Mechanical Engineers .
   Google Scholar
• Proceedings of the Sixth International Specialty Conference on Cold Regions Engineering . February 26–28 1991 , West Lebanon, New Hampshire. pp. 504 – 518 . New York : American Society of Civil Engineers .
   Google Scholar
• Ice Mechanics-1993, Proceedings of the First Joint Mechanics Meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Society of Civil Engineers and the Society of Engineering Science . June 6–9 , Charlottesville, VA. Vol. 163 , pp. 261 – 272 . New York : American Society of Mechanical Engineers . Applied Mechanics Division
   Google Scholar
• Proceedings of the International Association of Hydraulic Research Twelfth International Ice Symposium . Vol. 3 , pp. 1051 – 1059 . Trondheim : The Norwegian Institute of Technology .
   Google Scholar
• 1995 . Phil. Mag. A , 72 : 231
   Google Scholar
• Cole , D. M. and Durell , G. D. 1995 . Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Report in press
   Google Scholar
• Cole , D. M. and Gould , L. D. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering . Edited by: Sinha , N. K. , Sodhi , D. S. and Chung , J. S. Vol. IV , pp. 37 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• 1990 . Cold Regions Sci. Technol. , 18 : 295 – 302 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole , D. M. , Gould , L. D. and Burch , W. B. 1985 . J. Glaciol. , 31 : 362 – 365 .
   Google Scholar
• Cox , G. F. N. and Weeks , W. F. 1983 . J. Glaciol. , 29 : 306 – 316 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1986 . J. Glaciol. , 32 : 371 – 375 .
   Google Scholar
• Dunand , D. C. and Mortensen , A. 1991 . Acta metall. mater. , 39 : 127 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Duval , P. 1978 . J. Glaciol. , 21 : 621 – 628 .
   Google Scholar
• Fukuda , A. , Hondoh , T. and Higashi , A. 1987 . J. Phys., Paris , 48 : C1–163 – C1–173 .
   Google Scholar
• Gabb , T. P. and Welsch , G. 1989 . Acta Metall. , 37 : 2507 – 2516 .
   Google Scholar
• Gaboriaud , R. J. , Woirgard , J. , Gerland , M. and Riviere , A. 1981 . Phil. Mag. A , 43 : 363 – 375 .
   Google Scholar
• Gladkov , M. G. , Nikitin , V. A. , Smirnov , V. N. , Fedorov , B. A. and Shushlebin , A. L. 1983 . Trans. Arctic Antarctic Res. Inst. , 379 Translation No. T-833–15.
   Google Scholar
• Gold , L. W. 1994 . Ann. Glaciol. , 19 : 13 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• G'Sell , C. and Champier , G. 1981 . Phil. Mag. A , 43 : 1537 – 1560 .
   Google Scholar
• Gupta , V. , Picu , R. C. and Frost , H. J. 1993 . Ice Mechanics 1993 , Vol. 163 , 199 – 216 . New York : American Society for Mechanical Engineers . AMD
   Google Scholar
• Higashi , A. Proceedings of the International Conference on Low Temperature Science . pp. 277 – 289 . Sapporo : Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University .
   Google Scholar
• Hiki , Y. and Tamura , J. 1983 . J. phys. Chem. , 87 : 4054 – 4059 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobbs , P. V. 1974 . Ice Physics , 837 Oxford : Clarendon .
   Google Scholar
• Kressel , H. and Brown , N. 1967 . Dislocation Dynamics , Edited by: Rosenfield , A. R. , Hahn , G. T. , Bement , A. L. and Jaffee , R. L. 337 – 356 . New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Kuroiwa , D. 1965 . Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Research Report No. 131.
   Google Scholar
• Lakki , A. , Schaller , R. , Nauer , M. and Carry , C. 1993 . Acta metall. Mater. , 41 : 2845 – 2853 .
   Google Scholar
• Langdon , T. G. and Gifkins , R. C. 1983 . Acta metall. mater. , 31 : 927 – 938 .
   Google Scholar
• Mai , C. 1976 . C.r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. B , 282 : 515 – 518 .
   Google Scholar
• McKittrick , L. R. and Brown , R. L. Ice Mechanics-1993, Proceedings of the First Joint Mechanics Meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Society of Civil Engineers and the Society of Engineering Science . June 6–9 , Charlottesville, V A. Vol. 163 , pp. 177 – 188 . New York : American Society for Mechanical Engineers . Applied Mechanics Division
   Google Scholar
• Mellor , M. and Cole , D. M. 1981 . Cold Regions Sci. Technol. , 4 : 41 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mott , N. F. 1957 . Dislocations and Mechanical Properties of Crystals , Edited by: Fisher , J. C. , Johnston , W. G. , Thompson , R. and Vreeland , T. 458 – 478 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Nakamura , T. and Abe , O. 1979 . J. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ. Ser. VII (Geophys.) , 7 : 165 – 171 .
   Google Scholar
• Nowick , A. S. and Berry , B. S. 1972 . Anelastic Relaxation in Crystalline Solids , 677 New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Onsager , L. and Runnels , L. K. 1969 . J. chem. Phys. , 50 : 1089 – 1103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shearwood , C. and Whitworth , R. W. 1989 . J. Glaciol. , 35 : 281 – 283 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1991 . Phil. Mag. A , 64 : 289 – 302 .
   Google Scholar
• Shigenaka , N. , Monzen , R. and Mori , T. 1983 . Acta metall. mater. , 31 : 2087 – 2093 .
   Google Scholar
• Sinha , N. K. 1979 . Phil. Mag. A , 40 : 825 – 842 .
   Google Scholar
• Wiltshire , B. and Evans , R. W. , eds. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures . 1990 , Swansea. pp. 345 – 354 . London : Institute of Metals . University College
   Google Scholar
• Tabata , T. Proceedings of the Conference on Arctic Sea Ice . February 24–27 1958 , Easton, Maryland. pp. 139 – 147 . Washington, D.C. : National Research Council . National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Publication No. 598
   Google Scholar
• Tabata , T. and Nohguchi , Y. 1979 . Physics and mechanics of Ice , Edited by: Tryde , P. 351 – 362 . New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Takasugi , T. , Kishino , J. and Hanada , S. 1993 . Acta metall. mater. , 41 : 1021 – 1031 .
   Google Scholar
• Tatibouet , J. , Perez , J. and Vassoille , R. 1985 . J. Phys., Paris , 46 ( Suppl. 12 ) : C10–339 – C10–342 .
   Google Scholar
• 1987 . J. Phys., Paris, Suppl. 3. , 48 : C1–197 – C1–203 .
   Google Scholar
• Traetteberg , A. , Gold , L. W. and Frederking , R. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Ice Problems . 1985 , Hanover, New Hampshire. pp. 479 – 486 . Delft : International Association of Hydraulic Research .
   Google Scholar
• Tsai , C. T. , Yao , M. W. and Chait , A. 1992 . J. Cryst. Growth. , 125 : 69 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vassoille , R. , Mai , C. and Perez , J. 1978 . J. Glaciol. , 21 : 375 – 384 .
   Google Scholar
• Vaudrey , K. D. 1977 . Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory pp. Port Hueneme, California Technical Report No. R860
   Google Scholar
• Weeks , W. and Ackley , F. 1982 . The Growth, Structures, and Properties of Sea Ice , Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory . Monograph No. 82–1
   Google Scholar
• Wiederhorn , S. M. , Roberts , D. E. , Chuang , T. J. and Chuck , L. 1988 . J. Am. Ceram. Soc. , 71 : 602 – 608 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woirgard , J. , Riviere , A. and De Fouquet , J. 1981 . J. Phys., Paris , 42 ( Suppl. 10 ) : C5–407 – C5–419 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhan , C. , Evgin , E. and Sinha , N. K. 1994 . Cold Regions Sci. Technol. , 22 : 269 – 284 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , A. W. and Ke , T. S. 1989 . Phys. Stat. sol. (a) , 113 : 393 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar