Nationalizing states revisited: projects and processes of nationalization in post-Soviet states

References

• Aasland , A. 2002 . Citizenship status and social exclusion in Estonia and Latvia . Journal of Baltic Studies , 33 ( 1 ) : 57 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agadjanian , V. 1999 . Post-Soviet demographic paradoxes: ethnic differences in marriage and fertility in Kazakhstan . Sociological Forum , 14 ( 3 ) : 425 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen , E. A. 1997 . The legal status of Russians in Estonian privatisation legislation 1989–1995 . Europe-Asia Studies , 49 ( 2 ) : 303 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , B. 1991 . Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism , London : Verso .
   Google Scholar
• Arel , D. 1995 . Language politics in independent Ukraine: towards one or two state languages? . Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity , 23 ( 3 ) : 597 – 622 .
   Google Scholar
• Arel D. 2002a Demography and politics in the first post-Soviet census: mistrusted state, contested identities , Population-E , vol. 57 , no. 6 , pp. 801 – 28
   Google Scholar
• Arel D. 2002b Interpreting “nationality” and “language” in 2001 Ukrainian Census , Post-Soviet Affairs , vol. 18 , no. 3 , pp. 213 – 49
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernsand , N. 2001 . Surzhyk and national identity in Ukrainian nationalist language ideology . Berliner Osteuropa Info , 17 : 38 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Besters-Dilger , J. 2007 ‘ The Ukrainian language in education and mass media ’, Harvard Ukrainian Studies , vol. 29 (publication delayed; volume forthcoming October 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Bilaniuk , L. 2005 . Contested Tongues: Language Politics and Cultural Correction in Ukraine , Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bilaniuk , L. and Melnyk , S. 2008 . A tense and shifting balance: bilingualism and education in Ukraine . International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism , 11 ( 3 ) : 340 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Bloom , S. 2008 . Competitive assimilation or strategic nonassimilation? The political economy of school choice in Latvia . Comparative Political Studies , 41 ( 7 ) : 947 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brubaker , R. 1992 . Citizenship struggles in Soviet successor states . International Migration Review , 26 : 269 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brubaker R. 1996a Nationalizing states in the old “new Europe” – and the new , Ethnic and Racial Studies , vol. 19 , pp. 411 – 37
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brubaker R. 1996b Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Brubaker R. 1999 The Manichean myth: rethinking the distinction between “civic” and “ethnic” nationalism , in Hanspeter Kriesi et al , Nation and National Identity: The European Experience in Perspective , Zurich : Ruegger , pp. 55 – 71
   Google Scholar
• Brubaker R. 2004 Ethnicity without Groups , Cambridge, Mass : Harvard University Press
   Google Scholar
• Brubaker , R. , Feischmidt , M. , Fox , J. and Grancea , L. 2006 . Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Centers For Disease Control & Prevention 2003 Reproductive, Maternal and Child Health in Eastern Europe and Eurasia: A Comparative Report , Atlanta, GA : US Department of Health and Human Services , http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/OD28/00FrontMatter.pdf Accessed 29 July 2010
   Google Scholar
• Chandra , K. and Boulet , C. 2003 ‘ A model of change in an ethnic demography ’, unpublished paper, http://www.math.cornell.edu/~cilanne/Publications/ChangeEthnicDemography.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Commercio , M. E. 2008 . Systems of partial control: ethnic dynamics in post-Soviet Estonia and Latvia . Studies in Comparative International Development , 43 ( 1 ) : 81 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commercio M. E. 2010 . Russian Minority Politics in Post-Soviet Latvia and Kyrgyzstan: The Transformative Power of Informal Networks , Philadelphia, PA : University of Pennsylvania Press
   Google Scholar
• Dave , B. 2004 . Entitlement through numbers: nationality and language categories in the first post-Soviet census of Kazakhstan . Nations and Nationalism , 10 ( 4 ) : 439 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Dave B. 2007 Kazakhstan: Ethnicity, Language, and Power , New York Routledge
   Google Scholar
• Diener , A. 2005 . Kazakhstan's kin state diaspora: settlement planning and the Oralman dilemma . Europe-Asia Studies , 57 ( 2 ) : 327 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estonian Ministry Of Education And Research n.d . ‘Transition to Estonian-medium education ’, http://www.hm.ee/index.php?148680 Accessed 4 August 2010
   Google Scholar
• Feldman , M. 1999 . Justice in space? The restitution of property rights in Tallinn, Estonia . Cultural Geographies , 6 ( 2 ) : 165 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Fierman , W. 2005 . Kazakh language and prospects for its role in Kazakh “groupness” . Ab Imperio , 2 : 393 – 423 .
   Google Scholar
• Fierman W. 2006 Language and education in post-Soviet Kazakhstan: Kazakh-medium instruction in urban schools , Russian Review , vol. 65 , no. 1 , pp. 98 – 116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galbreath , D. J. and Galvin , M. E. 2005 . The titularization of Latvian secondary schools: the historical legacy of Soviet policy implementation . Journal of Baltic Studies , 36 ( 4 ) : 449 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosudarstvennyi Komitet Po Statistike 1991 Natsional'nyi Sostav Naselenia SSSR , Moscow : Finansy i Statistika
   Google Scholar
• Graney , K. 2007 . Making Russia multicultural: Kazan at its millennium and beyond . Problems of Post-Communism , 54 ( 6 ) : 17 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hacking , I. 1982 . Biopower and the avalanche of printed numbers . Humanities in Society , 5 : 279 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Hale , H. 2008 . The Foundations of Ethnic Politics: Separatism of States and Nations in Eurasia and the World , Cambridge and New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Heleniak , T. 2004 . Migration of the Russian diaspora after the breakup of the Soviet Union . Journal of International Affairs , 57 ( 2 ) : 99 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• Hogan-Brun , G. , Ozolins , U. , RamonienĖ , M. and Rannut , M. 2008 . Language politics and practices in the Baltic States . Current Issues in Language Planning , 8 ( 4 ) : 469 – 631 .
   Google Scholar
• Holm-Hansen , J. 1999 Political integration in Kazakhstan , in Pal Kolstø , Nation-Building and Ethnic Integration in Post-Soviet Societies: An Investigation of Latvia and Kazakhstan , Boulder, CO : Westview Press , pp. 153 – 226
   Google Scholar
• Hughes , J. 2005 . “Exit” in deeply divided societies: regimes of discrimination in Estonia and Latvia and the potential for Russophone migration . Journal of Common Market Studies , 43 ( 4 ) : 739 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Federation For Human Rights 2009 ‘ Kazakhstan/Kyrgyzstan: exploitation of migrant workers, protection denied to asylum seekers and refugees ’. Paris, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/FIDH_Kazakhstan_76.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Järve , P. 2009 . “ Estonian citizenship: between ethnic preferences and democratic obligations ” . In Citizenship Policies in the New Europe: Expanded and Updated Edition , Edited by: Bauböck , Rainer , Perchinig , Bernhard and Sievers , Wiebke . 45 – 66 . Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jubulis , M. A. 2001 . Nationalism and Democratic Transition: The Politics of Citizenship and Language in Post-Soviet Latvia , Lanham, MD : University Press of America .
   Google Scholar
• Jurado , E. 2003 . Complying with European standards of minority education: Estonia's relations with the European Union, OSCE – and Council of Europe . Journal of Baltic Studies , 34 ( 4 ) : 399 – 431 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley , J. G. 2004 . Ethnic Politics in Europe: The Power of Norms and Incentives , Princeton, NJ, and Oxford : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kertzer , D. I. and Arel , D. 2002 Censuses, identity formation, and the struggle for political power , in David I. Kertzer and Dominique Arel Census and Identity: The Politics of Race, Ethnicity, and Language in National Census , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , pp. 1 – 42
   Google Scholar
• Kolstø , P. 1998 . Anticipating demographic superiority: Kazakh thinking on integration and nation building . Europe-Asia Studies , 50 ( 1 ) : 51 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolstø P. 2000 Political Construction Sites: Nation-Building in Russia and the Post-Soviet States , Boulder, CO : Westview Press
   Google Scholar
• Krūma , K. 2009 . “ Checks and balances in Latvian nationality policies: national agendas and international frameworks ” . In Citizenship Policies in the New Europe: Expanded and Updated Edition , Edited by: Bauböck , Rainer , Perchinig , Bernhard and Sievers , Wiebke . 67 – 96 . Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kulyk , V. 2006 . Constructing common sense: language and ethnicity in Ukrainian public discourse . Ethnic and Racial Studies , 29 ( 2 ) : 281 – 314 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulyk V. 2010 Ideologies of language use in post-Soviet Ukrainian media , International Journal of the Sociology of Language , no. 201 , pp. 79 – 104
   Google Scholar
• Kuscu , I. 2008 ‘ Kazakhstan's oralman project: a remedy for ambiguous identity? ’, PhD dissertation, Indiana University
   Google Scholar
• Kuzio , T. 2001 . “Nationalising states” or nation-building? A critical review of the theoretical literature and empirical evidence . Nations and Nationalism , 7 ( 2 ) : 135 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Laitin , D. D. 1998 . Identity in Formation: The Russian-Speaking Populations in the Near Abroad , Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Laitin D. D. 2003 Three models of integration and the Estonian/Russian reality , Journal of Baltic Studies , vol. 34 , no. 2 , pp. 197 – 222
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latvian Ministry Of Foreign Affairs 2010 ‘ Minority education in Latvia ’, http://www.hm.ee/index.php?148680 Accessed 4 August 2010
   Google Scholar
• Lieven , A. 1993 . The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Path to Independence , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Marples , D. R. 2007 . Heroes and Villains: Creating National History in Contemporary Ukraine , Budapest : Central European University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , T. 2001 . The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939 , Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ozolins , U. 2003 . The impact of European accession upon language policy in the Baltic States . Language Policy , 2 : 217 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Rannut , M. 2008 . Estonianization efforts post-independence . International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism , 11 ( 3 ) : 423 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Rapawy , S. 1998 ‘ Ethnic reidentification in Ukraine ’, Eurasia Bulletin , Spring , pp. 2 – 10 , http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/ebspr98a.html
   Google Scholar
• Rose , R. 2000 New Baltic Barometer IV: A Survey Study , Glasgow : Centre for the Study of Public Policy, University of Strathclyde , http://www.balticvoices.org/documents/spp-338.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rothschild , J. 1974 . East Central Europe between the Two World Wars , Seattle : University of Washington Press .
   Google Scholar
• Saideman , S. and Ayres , R. W. 2008 . For Kin or Country: Xenophobia, Nationalism, and War , New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schatz , E. 2000 . Framing strategies and non-conflict in multi-ethnic Kazakhstan . Nationalism & Ethnic Politics , 6 ( 2 ) : 71 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Schatz E. 2004 What capital cities say about state and nation building , Nationalism and Ethnic Politics , vol. 9 , pp. 111 – 40
   Google Scholar
• Siiner , M. 2006 . Planning language practice: a sociolinguistic analysis of language policy in post-communist Estonia . Language Policy , 5 ( 2 ) : 161 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• Slezkine , Y. 1994 . The USSR as a communal apartment, or how a socialist state promoted ethnic particularism . Slavic Review , 53 ( 2 ) : 414 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , D. J. 2002 . Narva region within the Estonian Republic: from autonomism to accommodation? . Regional and Federal Studies , 12 ( 2 ) : 89 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , G. , Law , V. , Wilson , A. , Bohr , A. and Allworth , E. 1998 . Nation-Building in the Post-Soviet Borderlands: The Politics of National Identities , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stebelsky , I. 2009 . Ethnic self-identification in Ukraine, 1989–2001: why more Ukrainians and fewer Russians? . Canadian Slavonic Papers , 51 ( 1 ) : 77 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Steen , A. 2000 . Ethnic relations, elites and democracy in the Baltic States . Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics , 16 ( 4 ) : 68 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Suny , R. G. 1993 . The Revenge of the Past: Nationalism, Revolution, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union , Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Verschik , A. 2005 . The language situation in Estonia . Journal of Baltic Studies , 36 ( 3 ) : 283 – 316 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanner , C. 1998 . Burden of Dreams: History and Identity in Post-Soviet Ukraine , University Park, PA : Pennsylvania State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , A. 1995 . The Donbas between Ukraine and Russia: the use of history in political disputes . Journal of Contemporary History , 30 ( 2 ) : 265 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson A. 1997 Ukrainian Nationalism in the 1990s: A Minority Faith , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Wilson A. 2002 Elements of a theory of Ukrainian ethnonational identities , Nations and Nationalism , vol. 8 , no. 1 , pp. 31 – 54
   Google Scholar
• Wimmer , A. 2008 . The making and unmaking of ethnic boundaries: a multilevel process theory . American Journal of Sociology , 113 ( 4 ) : 970 – 1022 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolczuk , K. 2002 . Catching up with “Europe”? Constitutional debates on the territorial-administrative model in independent Ukraine . Regional and Federal Studies , 12 ( 2 ) : 65 – 88 .
   Google Scholar