891
Views
31
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Themed Section: On Roma Communities

The shifting boundaries of (un)documentedness: a gendered understanding of migrants’ employment-based legalization pathways in Italy

Pages 1643-1662 | Received 30 Nov 2015, Accepted 15 Aug 2016, Published online: 19 Sep 2016

References

  • Ahmad, A. N. 2008. “Dead Men Working: Time and Space in London’s (Illegal’) Migrant Economy.” Work, Employment & Society 22 (2): 301–318. doi: 10.1177/0950017008089106
  • Altman, M., and K. Pannell. 2012. “Policy Gaps and Theory Gaps: Women and Migrant Domestic Labor.” Feminist Economics 18 (2): 291–315. doi: 10.1080/13545701.2012.704149
  • Ambrosini, M. 2011. “Undocumented Migrants and Invisible Welfare: Survival Practices in the Domestic Environment.” Migration Letters 8 (1): 34–42.
  • Ambrosini, M. 2013. Irregular Migration and Invisible Welfare. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ambrosini, M. 2015. “From ‘Illegality’ to Tolerance and Beyond: Irregular Immigration as a Selective and Dynamic Process.” International Migration 54 (2): 144–159. doi: 10.1111/imig.12214
  • Anderson, B. 2010. “Migration, Immigration Controls and the Fashioning of Precarious Workers.” Work, Employment & Society 24 (2): 300–317. doi: 10.1177/0950017010362141
  • Anderson, B., and M. Ruhs. 2010. “Researching Illegality and Labour Migration.” Population, Space and Place 16 (3): 175–179.
  • ASGI (Association for Juridical Studies on Immigration) 2012. La nuova emersione dei lavoratori immigrati: così gli stranieri “aiutano” lo Stato italiano a risanare la finanza pubblica, ma non hanno diritto ad una effettiva regolarizzazione. http://asgi.it/wp-content/uploads/public/1_asgi_regolarizzazione_2012.pdf.
  • Barrett, J., and N. Sigona. 2014. “The Citizen and the Other: New Directions in Research on the Migration and Citizenship Nexus.” Migration Studies 2 (2): 286–294. doi: 10.1093/migration/mnu039
  • Barron, P., A. Bory, S. Chauvin, N. Jounin, and L. Tourette. 2016. “State Categories and Labour Protest: Migrant Workers and the Fight for Legal Status in France.” Work, Employment & Society 30 (4): 631–648.
  • Bhabha, J., and S. Shutter. 1994. Women’s Movement: Women Under Immigration, Nationality and Refugee Law. London: Trentham Books.
  • Bonifazi, C., and C. Marini. 2014. “The Impact of the Economic Crisis on Foreigners in the Italian Labour Market.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 40 (3): 493–511. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2013.829710
  • Bonizzoni, P. 2013. “Undocumented Domestic Workers in Italy: Surviving and Regularizing Strategies.” In Irregular Migrant Domestic Workers in Europe: Who Cares? edited by A. Triandafyllidou, 135–160. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • Broeders, D., and G. Engbersen. 2007. “The Fight Against Illegal Migration Identification Policies and Immigrants’ Counterstrategies.” American Behavioral Scientist 50 (12): 1592–1609. doi: 10.1177/0002764207302470
  • Calavita, K. 2006. “Gender, Migration, and Law: Crossing Borders and Bridging Disciplines.” International Migration Review 40 (1): 104–132. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2006.00005.x
  • Charsley, K., and H. Wray. 2015. “Introduction the Invisible (Migrant) Man.” Men and Masculinities 18 (4): 403–423. doi: 10.1177/1097184X15575109
  • Chauvin, S., and B. Garcés-Mascareñas. 2012. “Beyond Informal Citizenship: The New Moral Economy of Migrant Illegality.” International Political Sociology 6 (3): 241–259. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-5687.2012.00162.x
  • Chauvin, S., and B. Garcés-Mascareñas. 2014. “Becoming Less Illegal: Deservingness Frames and Undocumented Migrant Incorporation.” Sociology Compass 8 (4): 422–432. doi: 10.1111/soc4.12145
  • Chauvin, S., B. Garcés-Mascareñas, and A. Kraler. 2013. “Working for Legality: Employment and Migrant Regularization in Europe.” International Migration 51 (6): 118–131. doi: 10.1111/imig.12109
  • Coutin, S. B. 1998. “From Refugees to Immigrants: The Legalization Strategies of Salvadoran Immigrants and Activists.” International Migration Review 32 (4): 901–925. doi: 10.2307/2547665
  • Coutin, S. B. 2003. Legalizing Moves: Salvadoran Immigrants’ Struggle for US Residency. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Curran, S. R., S. Shafer, K. M. Donato, and F. Garip. 2006. “Mapping Gender and Migration in Sociological Scholarship: Is It Segregation or Integration?” International Migration Review 40 (1): 199–223. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2006.00008.x
  • Cvajner, M., and G. Sciortino. 2010. “A Tale of Networks and Policies: Prolegomena to an Analysis of Irregular Migration Careers and their Developmental Paths.” Population, Space and Place 16 (3): 213–225.
  • Dauvergne, C. 2000. “Citizenship, Migration Laws and Women: Gendering Permanent Residency Statistics.” Melbourne University Law Review 24: 280–310.
  • De Genova, N. P. 2002. “Migrant ‘Illegality’ and Deportability in Everyday Life.” Annual Review of Anthropology 31: 419–447. doi: 10.1146/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085432
  • De Giorgi, A. 2010. “Immigration Control, Post-Fordism, and Less Eligibility a Materialist Critique of the Criminalization of Immigration Across Europe.” Punishment & Society 12 (2): 147–167. doi: 10.1177/1462474509357378
  • Donato, K. M., D. Gabaccia, J. Holdaway, M. Manalansan IV, and P. R. Pessar. 2006. “A Glass Half Full? Gender in Migration Studies.” International Migration Review 40 (1): 3–26. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2006.00001.x
  • Düvell, F. 2008. “Clandestine Migration in Europe.” Social Science Information 47 (4): 479–497. doi: 10.1177/0539018408096442
  • Ellermann, A. 2010. “Undocumented Migrants and Resistance in the Liberal State.” Politics & Society 38 (3): 408–429. doi: 10.1177/0032329210373072
  • Engbersen, G., M. Van San, and A. Leerkes. 2006. “A Room with a View. Irregular Immigrants in the Legal Capital of the World.” Ethnography 7 (2): 209–242. doi: 10.1177/1466138106067057
  • European Migration Network. 2012. Risposte Pratiche All’immigrazione Irregolare. Roma: Il caso italiano. http://www.emnitaly.cnr.it/.
  • Farris, S. R. 2015. “Migrants’ Regular Army of Labour: Gender Dimensions of the Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Migrant Labor in Western Europe.” The Sociological Review 63 (1): 121–143. doi: 10.1111/1467-954X.12185
  • Finotelli, C., and J. Arango. 2011. “Regularisation of Unauthorised Immigrants in Italy and Spain: Determinants and Effects.” Documents D’anàlisi Geogràfica 57 (3): 495–515. doi: 10.5565/rev/dag.251
  • Freeman, J. 2003. Gender and Insecurity. Migrant Women in Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Goldring, L., C. Berinstein, and J. K. Bernhard. 2009. “Institutionalizing Precarious Migratory Status in Canada.” Citizenship Studies 13 (3): 239–265. doi: 10.1080/13621020902850643
  • Goldring, L., and P. Landolt. 2013. Producing and Negotiating Non-Citizenship: Precarious Legal Status in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Hagan, J. M. 1994. Deciding to be Legal: A Maya Community in Houston. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Hagan, J. M., and S. G. Baker. 1993. “Implementing the US Legalization Program: The Influence of Immigrant Communities and Local Agencies on Immigration Policy Reform.” International Migration Review 27 (3): 513–536. doi: 10.2307/2547098
  • Harzig, C. 2003. “Immigration Policies: A Gendered Historical Comparison.” In Crossing Borders and Shifting Boundaries. Gender on the Move, edited by M. Morokvasic, U. Erel, and K. Shinozaki, 35–58. London: Springer.
  • Hellgren, T. 2012. “At the Crossroads of Structure and Agency: Investigating the Importance of ‘Legality’ for International Migrants.” Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration 2 (1): 34–40.
  • Hepworth, K. 2014. “Encounters with the Clandestino/a and the Nomad: The Emplaced and Embodied Constitution of Non-Citizenship.” Citizenship Studies 18 (1): 1–14. doi: 10.1080/13621025.2014.865889
  • van Hooren, F. J. 2010. “When Families Need Immigrants: The Exceptional Position of Migrant Domestic Workers and Care Assistants in Italian Immigration Policy.” Bulletin of Italian Politics 2 (2): 21–38.
  • Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. 1999. “Introduction Gender and Contemporary US Immigration.” American Behavioral Scientist 42 (4): 565–576. doi: 10.1177/00027649921954363
  • van Houdt, F., S. Suvarierol, and W. Schinkel. 2011. “Neoliberal Communitarian Citizenship: Current Trends Towards ‘Earned Citizenship’ in the United Kingdom, France and the Netherlands.” International Sociology 26 (3): 408–432. doi: 10.1177/0268580910393041
  • Killias, O. 2014. “Intimate Encounters: The Ambiguities of Belonging in the Transnational Migration of Indonesian Domestic Workers to Malaysia.” Citizenship Studies 18 (8): 885–899. doi: 10.1080/13621025.2014.964550
  • Kofman, E. 1999. “Female ‘Birds of Passage’ a Decade Later: Gender and Immigration in the European Union.” International Migration Review 33 (2): 269–299. doi: 10.2307/2547698
  • Kofman, E. 2014. “Towards a Gendered Evaluation of (Highly) Skilled Immigration Policies in Europe.” International Migration 52 (3): 116–128. doi: 10.1111/imig.12121
  • Kofman, E., A. Kraler, M. Kohli, and C. Schmoll. 2011. “Introduction: Issues and Debates on Family-Related Migration and the Migrant Family: A European Perspective.” In Gender, Generations and the Family in International Migration, edited by A. Kraler, E. Kofman, M. Kohli, and C. Schmoll, 11–52. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
  • Konsta, A. M., and G. Lazaridis. 2010. “Civic Stratification, ‘Plastic’ Citizenship and ‘Plastic Subjectivities’ in Greek Immigration Policy.” Journal of International Migration and Integration/Revue de L’integration et de La Migration Internationale 11 (4): 365–382. doi: 10.1007/s12134-010-0150-8
  • Kraler, A. 2010. Civic Stratification, Gender and Family Migration Policies in Europe. Vienna: International Centre for Migration Policy Development.
  • Kubal, A. 2013. “Conceptualizing Semi-legality in Migration Research.” Law & Society Review 47 (3): 555–587. doi: 10.1111/lasr.12031
  • Lazaridis, G., and J. Poyago-Theotoky. 1999. “Undocumented Migrants in Greece: Issues of Regularization.” International Migration 37 (4): 715–740. doi: 10.1111/1468-2435.00091
  • Luibhéid, E. 2002. Entry Denied: Controlling Sexuality at the Border. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Lutz, H. 2010. “Gender in the Migratory Process.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36 (10): 1647–1663. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2010.489373
  • Lutz, H., and E. Palenga-Möllenbeck. 2010. “Care Work Migration in Germany: Semi-compliance and Complicity.” Social Policy and Society 9 (3): 419–430. doi: 10.1017/S1474746410000138
  • Mahler, S. J., and P. R. Pessar. 2006. “Gender Matters: Ethnographers Bring Gender from the Periphery Toward the Core of Migration Studies.” International Migration Review 40 (1): 27–63. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2006.00002.x
  • McIlwaine, C. 2015. “Legal Latins: Creating Webs and Practices of Immigration Status Among Latin American Migrants in London.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 41 (3): 493–511. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2014.931803
  • Menjivar, C. 2006. “Liminal Legality: Salvadoran and Guatemalan Immigrants’ Lives in the United States.” American Journal of Sociology 111 (4): 999–1037. doi: 10.1086/499509
  • Montagna, N. 2013. “Labor, Citizenship, and Subjectivity: Migrants’ Struggles Within the Italian Crisis.” Social Justice 39 (1): 43–60.
  • NAGA. 2011. Quando la legge crea illegalità: osservatorio sulla ‘sanatoria colf e badanti’ del 2009.
  • Näre, L. 2011. “The Moral Economy of Domestic and Care Labour: Migrant Workers in Naples, Italy.” Sociology 45 (3): 396–412. doi: 10.1177/0038038511399626
  • Oliveri, F. 2012. “Migrants as Activist Citizens in Italy: Understanding the New Cycle of Struggles.” Citizenship Studies 16 (5–6): 793–806. doi: 10.1080/13621025.2012.698509
  • Paul, R. 2012. “Limits of the Competition State? The Cultural Political Economy of European Labor Migration Policies.” Critical Policy Studies 6 (4): 379–401. doi: 10.1080/19460171.2012.730764
  • Reeves, M. 2013. “Clean Fake: Authenticating Documents and Persons in Migrant Moscow.” American Ethnologist 40 (3): 508–524. doi: 10.1111/amet.12036
  • Reyneri, E. 2001. “Migrants’ Involvement in Irregular Employment in the Mediterranean Countries of the European Union.” University of Milan Bicocca. http://www.ilo.int/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---migrant/documents/publication/wcms_201875.pdf.
  • Ruhs, M., and B. Anderson. 2007. The Origins and Functions of Illegality in Migrant Labour Markets: An Analysis of Migrants, Employers and the State in the UK. Oxford: Centre on Migration, Policy and Society. https://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/.
  • Ruspini, P. 2009. “Italy.” In REGINE. Regularisations in Europe, edited by M. Baldwin-Edwards, and A. Kraler, 351–371. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press - Pallas Publications.
  • Rytter, M. 2012. “Semi-legal Family Life: Pakistani Couples in the Borderlands of Denmark and Sweden.” Global Networks 12 (1): 91–108. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0374.2011.00325.x
  • Salcido, O., and C. Menjívar. 2012. “Gendered Paths to Legal Citizenship: The Case of Latin-American Immigrants in Phoenix, Arizona.” Law & Society Review 46 (2): 335–368. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5893.2012.00491.x
  • Salis, E. 2012. Labour Migration Governance in Contemporary Europe. The Case of Italy. Which Labour Migration Governance for a More Dynamic and Inclusive Europe. http://www.fieri.it/.
  • Salis, E. 2014. “A Crucial Testing Ground.” Comparative Migration Studies 2 (4): 519–545.
  • Schrover, M. 2008. Illegal Migration and Gender in a Global and Historical Perspective. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
  • Schuck, P. H. 2000. “Law and the Study of Migration.” In Migration Theory: Talking across Disciplines, edited by C. B. Brettell, and J. F. Hollifield, 187–204. London: Routledge.
  • Schuster, D. L. 2005. “The Continuing Mobility of Migrants in Italy: Shifting Between Places and Statuses.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 31 (4): 757–774. doi: 10.1080/13691830500109993
  • Sigona, N. 2012. “‘I Have Too Much Baggage’: The Impacts of Legal Status on the Social Worlds of Irregular Migrants.” Social Anthropology 20 (1): 50–65. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8676.2011.00191.x
  • Triandafyllidou, A. 2003. “Immigration Policy Implementation in Italy: Organisational Culture, Identity Processes and Labour Market Control.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 29 (2): 257–297. doi: 10.1080/1369183032000079611
  • Triandafyllidou, A., and M. Ambrosini. 2011. “Irregular Immigration Control in Italy and Greece: Strong Fencing and Weak Gate-Keeping Serving the Labour Market.” European Journal of Migration and Law 13 (3): 251–273. doi: 10.1163/157181611X587847
  • Van der Leun, J., and H. Bouter. 2015. “Gimme Shelter: Inclusion and Exclusion of Irregular Immigrants in Dutch Civil Society.” Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies 13 (2): 135–155. doi: 10.1080/15562948.2015.1033507
  • Vathi, Z., and R. King. 2013. “Have You Got the Britísh?: Narratives of Migration and Settlement among Albanian-Origin Immigrants in London.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 36 (11): 1829–1848. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2012.692799
  • Wagner, R. 2015. “‘Transnational Civil Dis/Obedience’ in the Danish Family Unification Dispute.” European Political Science Review 7 (1): 43–62. doi: 10.1017/S1755773914000034
  • van Walsum, S. 2008. The Family and the Nation: Dutch Family Migration Policies in the Context of Changing Family Norms. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • van Walsum, S. 2011. “Regulating Migrant Domestic Work in the Netherlands: Opportunities and Pitfalls.” Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 23 (1): 141–165. doi: 10.3138/cjwl.23.1.141
  • van Walsum, S., and T. Spijkerboer. 2007. Women and Immigration Law: New Variations on Classical Feminist Themes. Abingdon: Routledge Cavendish.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.