3,030
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

National frenemies: linguistic intergroup attitudes in Canada

ORCID Icon
Pages 3-22 | Received 07 Oct 2016, Accepted 10 Nov 2017, Published online: 24 Nov 2017

References

  • Abulof, Uriel. 2009. “‘Small Peoples’: The Existential Uncertainty of Ethnonational Communities.” International Studies Quarterly 53 (1): 227–248. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2478.2008.01530.x
  • Albright, Jeremy J. 2010. “The Multidimensional Nature of Party Competition.” Party Politics 16 (6): 699–719. doi: 10.1177/1354068809345856
  • Alesina, Alberto, and Ekaterina Zhuravskaya. 2011. “Segregation and the Quality of Government in a Cross-section of Countries.” American Economic Review 101: 1872–1911. doi: 10.1257/aer.101.5.1872
  • Baer, Douglas, Edward Grabb, and William Johnston. 1993. “National Character, Regional Culture, and the Values of Canadians and Americans.” Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 30 (1): 13–36. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-618X.1993.tb00933.x
  • Balcells, Laia. 2012. “The Consequences of Victimization on Political Identities Evidence from Spain.” Politics & Society 40 (3): 311–347. doi: 10.1177/0032329211424721
  • Bauböck, Rainer. 2002. “Political Community Beyond the Sovereign State: Supranational Federalism and Transnational Minorities.” In Conceiving Cosmopolitanism: Theory, Context and Practice, edited by Steven Vertovec, and Robin Cohen, 110–136. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Berry, John W., and Rudolf Kalin. 1995. “Multicultural and Ethnic Attitudes in Canada: An Overview of the 1991 National Survey.” Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 27 (3): 301–320. doi: 10.1037/0008-400X.27.3.301
  • Berry, John W., Rudolf Kalin, and Donald M. Taylor. 1977. Multiculturalism and Ethnic Attitudes in Canada. Ottawa: Ministry of Supply and Services.
  • Béland, Daniel, and André Lecours. 2005. “The Politics of Territorial Solidarity Nationalism and Social Policy Reform in Canada, the United Kingdom, and Belgium.” Comparative Political Studies 38 (6): 676–703. doi: 10.1177/0010414005275600
  • Bilodeau, Antoine, Luc Turgeon, and Ekrem Karakoc. 2012. “Small Worlds of Diversity: Views Toward Immigration and Racial Minorities in Canadian Provinces.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 45 (3): 579–605. doi: 10.1017/S0008423912000728
  • Blais, André. 1991. “Le Clivage Linguistique au Canada.” Recherches Sociographiques 32 (1): 43–54. doi: 10.7202/056578ar
  • Bolaria, B. Singh, and Peter S. Li. 1988. Racial Oppression in Canada. Toronto: Garamond Press.
  • Breton, Raymond. 1988. “From Ethnic to Civic Nationalism: English Canada and Quebec.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 11 (1): 85–102. doi: 10.1080/01419870.1988.9993590
  • Chandler, Charles R., and Yung-mei Tsai. 2001. “Social Factors Influencing Immigration Attitudes: An Analysis of Data from the General Social Survey.” The Social Science Journal 38 (2): 177–188. doi: 10.1016/S0362-3319(01)00106-9
  • Christofides, Louis N., and Robert Swidinsky. 2010. “The Economic Returns to the Knowledge and Use of a Second Official Language: English in Quebec and French in the Rest-of-Canada.” Canadian Public Policy 36 (2): 137–158. doi: 10.3138/cpp.36.2.137
  • Citrin, Jack, Donald P. Green, Christopher Muste, and Cara Wong. 1997. “Public Opinion Toward Immigration Reform: The Role of Economic Motivations.” Journal of Politics 59 (3): 858–881. doi: 10.2307/2998640
  • Dasgupta, Nilanjana, and Anthony G. Greenwald. 2001. “On the Malleability of Automatic Attitudes: Combating Automatic Prejudice with Images of Admired and Disliked Individuals.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 (5): 800–814. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.81.5.800
  • Durand, Claire. 2014. “Générations, souveraineté, Parti québécois.” Accessed 8 August 2016. http://ahlessondages.blogspot.ca/2014/06/generations-souverainete-parti-quebecois.html.
  • Esses, Victoria M., Geoffrey Haddock, and Mark P. Zanna. 1993. “Values, Stereotypes, and Emotions as Determinants of Intergroup Attitudes.” In Affect, Cognition, and Stereotyping: Interactive Processes in Group Perception, edited by Diane M. Mackie, and David Lewis Hamilton, 137–166. San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Frenette, Yves. 1998. Brève histoire des Canadiens Français. Montreal: Boréal.
  • Gauvin, Jean-Philippe, Chris Chhim, and Mike Medeiros. 2016. “Did They Mind the Gap? Voter/Party Ideological Proximity Between the BQ, the NDP and Quebec Voters, 2006-2011.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 49 (2): 289–310. doi: 10.1017/S000842391600038X
  • Gidengil, Elisabeth, André Blais, Richard Nadeau, and Neil Nevitte. 2004. “Language and Cultural Insecurity.” In Québec: State and Society, edited by Alain-G. Gagnon, 345–367. Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press.
  • Giles, Howard, Richard Y. Bourhis, and Donald M. Taylor. 1977. “Towards a Theory of Language in Ethnic Group Relations.” In Language, Ethnicity and Intergroup Relations, edited by Howard Giles, 307–348. London: Academic Press.
  • Giles, Howard, and Patricia Johnson. 1987. “Ethnolinguistic Identity Theory: A Social Psychological Approach to Language Maintenance.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 68: 69–99.
  • Gurr, Ted R. 2000. Peoples Versus States: Minorities at Risk in the New Century. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.
  • Hehman, Eric, Samuel L. Gaertner, John F. Dovidio, Eric W. Mania, Rita Guerra, David C. Wilson, and Brian M. Friel. 2012. “Group Status Drives Majority and Minority Integration Preferences.” Psychological Science 23 (1): 46–52. doi: 10.1177/0956797611423547
  • Henderson, Ailsa. 2010. “‘Small Worlds’ as Predictors of General Political Attitudes.” Regional and Federal Studies 20 (4-5): 469–485. doi: 10.1080/13597566.2010.523621
  • Hodson, Gordon, and Michael A. Busseri. 2012. “Bright Minds and Dark Attitudes: Lower Cognitive Ability Predicts Greater Prejudice Through Right-Wing Ideology and Low Intergroup Contact.” Psychological Science 23 (2): 187–195. doi: 10.1177/0956797611421206
  • Laitin, David D. 1998. Identity in Formation: The Russian-Speaking Populations in the Near Abroad. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mackey, Eva. 2002. The House of Difference: Cultural Politics and National Identity in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Martel, Marcel. 1997. Le deuil d’un pays imaginé: rêves, luttes et déroute du Canada français: les rapports entre le Québec et la francophonie canadienne, 1867-1975. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Martel, Marcel, and Martin Pâquet. 2012. Speaking Up: A History of Language and Politics in Canada and Quebec. Toronto: Between the Lines.
  • McRae, Kenneth Douglas. 1986. Conflict and Compromise in Multilingual Societies: Belgium. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
  • McRae, Kenneth Douglas. 1997. Conflict and Compromise in Multilingual Societies: Finland. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
  • McRoberts, Kenneth. 1997. Misconceiving Canada: The Struggle for National Unity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Medeiros, Mike. 2017a. “The Language of Conflict: The Relationship Between Linguistic Vitality and Conflict Intensity.” Ethnicities 17 (5): 627–645. doi: 10.1177/1468796815608878
  • Medeiros, Mike. 2017b. “Not Just About Quebec: Accounting for Francophones’ Attitudes Towards Canada.” French Politics 15 (2): 223–236. doi: 10.1057/s41253-017-0028-7
  • Medeiros, Mike, Patrick Fournier, and Verónica Benet-Martínez. 2017. “The Language of Threat: Linguistic Perceptions and Intergroup Relations.” Acta Politica 52 (1): 1–22. doi: 10.1057/s41269-016-0023-z
  • Nadeau, Richard, and Christopher J. Fleury. 1995. “Gains Linguistiques Anticipés et Appui à la Souveraineté du Québec.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 28 (1): 35–50. doi: 10.1017/S0008423900018369
  • Nadeau, Richard, Pierre Martin, and André Blais. 1999. “Attitude Towards Risk-Taking and Individual Choice in the Quebec Referendum on Sovereignty.” British Journal of Political Science 29 (3): 523–539. doi: 10.1017/S0007123499000241
  • Ng, S. H. 1982. “Power and Intergroup Discrimination.” In Social Identity and Intergroup Relations, edited by Henri Tajfel, 179–205. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Offe, Claus. 1998. “Homogeneity” and Constitutional Democracy: Coping with Identity Conflicts Through Group Rights.” Journal of Political Philosophy 6 (2): 113–141. doi: 10.1111/1467-9760.00049
  • Palmer, Howard. 1976. “Mosaic Versus Melting Pot?: Immigration and Ethnicity in Canada and the United States.” International Journal 31 (3): 488–528. doi: 10.1177/002070207603100307
  • Paluck, Elizabeth Levy, and Donald P. Green. 2009. “Prejudice Reduction: What Works? A Review and Assessment of Research and Practice.” Annual Review of Psychology 60: 339–367. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163607
  • Parks, Craig D., and Lorne G. Hulbert. 1995. “High and Low Trusters’ Responses to Fear in a Payoff Matrix.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 39 (4): 718–730. doi: 10.1177/0022002795039004006
  • Petersen, Roger D. 2002. Understanding Ethnic Violence: Fear, Hatred, and Resentment in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Resnick, Philip. 1994. Thinking English Canada. Toronto: Stoddart.
  • Resnick, Philip. 2005. “Accommodating National Differences Within Multinational States.” In Democracy, Nationalism and Multiculturalism, edited by Ramón Maíz Suárez, and Ferran Requejo Coll, 43–57. London: Routledge.
  • Ros, Maria, Carmen Huici, and José Ignacio Cano. 1994. “Ethnolinguistic Vitality and Social Identity: Their Impact on Ingroup Bias and Social Attribution.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 108 (1): 145–166. doi: 10.1515/ijsl.1994.108.145
  • Safran, William, and Amy H. Liu. 2012. “Nation-Building, Collective Identity, and Language Choices: Between Instrumental and Value Rationalities.” Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 18 (3): 269–292. doi: 10.1080/13537113.2012.707492
  • Saideman, Stephen M., and R. William Ayres. 2000. “Determining the Causes of Irredentism: Logit Analyses of Minorities at Risk Data from the 1980s and 1990s.” Journal of Politics 62 (4): 1126–1144. doi: 10.1111/0022-3816.00049
  • Sears, David O. 1988. “Symbolic Racism.” In Eliminating Racism: Profiles in Controversy, edited by Phyllis A. Katz, and Dalmas A. Taylor, 53–84. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Sherif, Muzafer. 1961. The Robbers Cave Experiment: Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation. Scranton, PA: Wesleyan University Press.
  • Sidanius, Jim, Seymour Feshbach, Shana Levin, and Felicia Pratto. 1997. “The Interface Between Ethnic and National Attachment: Ethnic Pluralism or Ethnic Dominance?” The Public Opinion Quarterly 61 (1): 102–133. doi: 10.1086/297789
  • Sidanius, Jim, and Felicia Pratto. 2001. Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sides, John, and Jack Citrin. 2007. “European Opinion About Immigration: The Role of Identities, Interests and Information.” British Journal of Political Science 37 (3): 477–504. doi: 10.1017/S0007123407000257
  • Sniderman, Paul M., Joseph F. Fletcher, Peter H. Russell, and Philip E. Tetlock. 1989. “Political Culture and the Problem of Double Standards: Mass and Elite Attitudes Toward Language Rights in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 22 (2): 259–284. doi: 10.1017/S000842390000130X
  • Sniderman, Paul M., Louk Hagendoorn, and Markus Prior. 2004. “Predisposing Factors and Situational Triggers: Exclusionary Reactions to Immigrant Minorities.” American Political Science Review 98 (1): 35–49. doi: 10.1017/S000305540400098X
  • Tajfel, Henri. 1969. “Cognitive Aspects of Prejudice.” Journal of Social Issues 25: 79–97. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1969.tb00620.x
  • Tajfel, Henri, and John C. Turner. 1986. “The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior.” In Psychology of Intergroup Relations, edited by Stephen Worchel, and William G. Austin, 7–24. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
  • Taylor, Donald M., Roch Meynard, and Elizabeth Rheault. 1977. “Threat to Ethnic Identity and Second-Language Learning.” In Language, Ethnicity, and Intergroup Relations, edited by Howard Giles, 99–118. London: Academic Press.
  • Turgeon, Luc, and Antoine Bilodeau. 2014. “Minority Nations and Attitudes Towards Immigration: The Case of Quebec.” Nations and Nationalism 20 (2): 317–336. doi: 10.1111/nana.12068
  • von Hippel, William, Lisa A. Silver, and Molly E. Lynch. 2000. “Stereotyping Against Your Will: The Role of Inhibitory Ability in Stereotyping and Prejudice among the Elderly.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26 (5): 523–532. doi: 10.1177/0146167200267001
  • Wilkes, Rima, Neil Guppy, and Lily Farris. 2008. “‘No Thanks, We’re Full’: Individual Characteristics, National Context, and Changing Attitudes Toward Immigration1.” International Migration Review 42 (2): 302–329. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00126.x
  • Wilson, Thomas C. 1996. “Cohort and Prejudice Whites’ Attitudes Toward Blacks, Hispanics, Jews, and Asians.” Public Opinion Quarterly 60 (2): 253–274. doi: 10.1086/297750
  • Woolard, Kathryn Ann. 1989. Double Talk: Bilingualism and the Politics of Ethnicity in Catalonia. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Yavuz, M. Hakan. 2001. “Five Stages of the Construction of Kurdish Nationalism in Turkey.” Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 7 (3): 1–24. doi: 10.1080/13537110108428635