Who’s in conflict? Racialization of Puerto Ricans in relation to other Latinxs in the New York Times, 2010–2015

References

• Alamilla, S., B. Kim, and N. Lam. 2010. “Acculturation, Enculturation, Perceived Racism, Minority Status Stressors, and Psychological Symptomatology among Latino/as.” Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 32 (1): 55–76. doi: 10.1177/0739986309352770
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Althusser, L. 1972. “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses.” In Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, 127–186. New York: Monthly Review Press.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, B. 1983. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, Howard. 1992. “Cases, Causes, Conjunctures, Stories, and Imagery.” In What is a Case? Exploring the Foundations of Social Inquiry, edited by C. Ragin and H. Becker, 205–216. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Blalock, H. 1967. Toward a Theory of Minority-Group. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Blumer, H. 1958. “Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position.” The Pacific Sociological Review 1 (1): 3–7. doi: 10.2307/1388607
   Google Scholar
• Bobo, L., and V. Hutchings. 1996. “Perceptions of Racial Group Competition: Extending Blumer’s Theory of Group Position to a Multiracial Social Context.” American Sociological Review 61 (6): 951–972. doi: 10.2307/2096302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonacich, E. 1972. “A Theory of Ethnic Antagonism: The Split Labor Market.” American Sociological Review 37 (5): 547–559. doi: 10.2307/2093450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2010. Racism Without Racists: Color-Blind Racism & Racial Inequality in Contemporary America. 3rd ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Chavez, L. 2001. Covering Immigration: Popular Images and Politics of the Nation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chavez, L. 2013. The Latino Threat: Constructing Immigrants, Citizens, and the Nation. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chiricos, T., and S. Eschholz. 2002. “The Racial and Ethnic Typification of Crime and the Criminal Typification of Race and Ethnicity in Local Television News.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 39 (4): 400–420. doi: 10.1177/002242702237286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cockbain, E. 2013. “Grooming and the ‘Asian Sex Gang Predator:’ The Construction of a Racial Crime Threat.” Race & Class 54 (4): 22–32. doi: 10.1177/0306396813475983
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohn, D., E. Patten, and M. Hugo Lopez. 2014. “Puerto Rican Population Declines on Island, Grows on U.S. Mainland.” Pew Research Center. Accessed September 15, 2014. http://www.pewhispanic.org/2014/08/11/puerto-rican-population-declines-on-island-grows-on-u-s-mainland/.
   Google Scholar
• Dávila, A. 1997. Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Davila, A. 2001. Latinos, Inc.: The Marketing and Making of a People. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dávila, A. 2004. Barrio Dreams: Puerto Ricans, Latinos, and the Neoliberal City. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Duany, J. 2002. The Puerto Rican Nation on the Move: Identities on the Island & in the United States. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fujioka, Y. 2005. “Black Media Images as a Perceived Threat to African American Ethnic Identity: Coping Responses, Perceived Public Perception, and Attitudes Towards Affirmative Action.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 49 (4): 450–467. doi: 10.1207/s15506878jobem4904_6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles, M. W., and K. Hertz. 1994. “Racial Threat and Partisan Identification.” The American Political Science Review 88 (2): 317–326. doi: 10.2307/2944706
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Barrera, A. 2015. “More Mexicans Leaving Than Coming to the U.S.” Pew Research Center. Accessed June 13, 2018. http://www.pewhispanic.org/2015/11/19/more-mexicans-leaving-than-coming-to-the-u-s/.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Sobrino, B., and M. Hughey. 2017. “All the Puertorriqueñidad That’s Fit to Print: UnAmerican Racial Citizens in the New York Times (1948-1958).” Critical Sociology 43 (7-8): 1009–1028. doi: 10.1177/0896920515616262
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holsti, O. 1969. Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Hsia, H. 2007. “Imaged and Imagined Threat to the Nation: The Media Construction of the ‘Foreign Brides’ Phenomenon as Social Problems in Taiwan.” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 8 (1): 55–85. doi: 10.1080/14649370601119006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughey, M. 2012. “Show me Your Papers! Obama’s Birth and the Whiteness of Belonging.” Qualitative Sociology 35 (2): 163–181. doi: 10.1007/s11133-012-9224-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, M., P. Jackson, B. Powell, and L. Steelman. 2000. “Color-blind: The Treatment of Race and Ethnicity in Social Psychology.” Social Psychology Quarterly 63 (4): 352–364. doi: 10.2307/2695845
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson, M. F. 2008. Roots Too: White Ethnic Revival in Post–Civil Rights America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Krippendorff, K., and M. A. Bock. 2008. The Content Analysis Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lazarsfeld, P. 1955. “Interpretation of Statistical Relations as a Research Operation.” In The Language of Social Research: A Reader in the Methodology of Social Research, edited by P. F. Lazarsfeld and M. Rosenberg, 115–124. Glencoe: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mora, G. C. 2014. Making Hispanics: How Activists, Bureucrats, and Media Constructed a New American. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Neuendorf, K. A. 2002. The Content Analysis Guidebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Nieto-Phillips, J. 1999. “Citizenship and Empire: Race, Language, and Self-government in New Mexico and Puerto Rico, 1898–1917.” CENTRO Journal 11 (1): 51–74.
   Google Scholar
• Olzak, S. 1989. “Analysis of Events in the Study of Collective Action.” Annual Review of Sociology 15: 119–141. doi: 10.1146/annurev.so.15.080189.001003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olzak, S. 1992. The Dynamic of Ethnic Competition and Conflict. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pérez, R. 1997. “From Assimilation to Annihilation: Puerto Rican Images in U.S. Films.” In In Latin Looks: Images of Latinas and Latinos in the U.S. Media, edited by C. Rodriguez, 142–163. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Restifo, S. J., V. J. Roscigno, and Z. Qian. 2013. “Segmented Assimilation, Split Labor Markets, and Racial/Ethnic Inequality: The Case of Early-Twentieth Century New York City.” American Sociological Review 78 (5): 897–924. doi: 10.1177/0003122413501071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez, C. E. 1991. Puerto Ricans: Born in the U.S.A. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez, C. E. 1999. Changing Race: Latinos, the Census, and the History of Ethnicity. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sela-Shevayovitz, R., and B. Hasisi. 2011. “Public Order Events in the Headlines: The Media Construction of Threat and Dangerous Public Order Events in Israel.” International Journal of Police Science & Management 13 (4): 297–311.
   Google Scholar
• Smedley, A., and B. Smedley. 2012. Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stoker, K. 1995. “Existential Objectivity: Freeing Journalists to be Ethical.” Journal of Mass Media Ethics 10 (1): 5–22. doi: 10.1207/s15327728jmme1001_1
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, L. 2010. Imperial Archipelago: Representation and Rule in the Insular Territories Under U.S. Dominion After 1898. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vidal-Ortiz, Salvador. 2004. “On Being a White Person of Color: Using Auto ethnography to Understand Puerto Ricans’ Racialization.” Qualitative Sociology 27 (2): 179–203. doi: 10.1023/B:QUAS.0000020692.05355.6e
   Google Scholar
• Warren, J., and C. A. Sue. 2011. “Comparative Racisms: What Anti-Racists can Learn from Latin America.” Ethnicities 11 (1): 32–58. doi: 10.1177/1468796810388699
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner, M. 2010. “All the News That’s Fit to Print? Silence and Voice in Mainstream and Ethnic Press Accounts of African American Protest.” Research in Social Movements, Conflict, and Change 31: 297–324. doi: 10.1108/S0163-786X(2011)0000031012
   Google Scholar
• Welch, K., and A. Payne. 2010. “Racial Threat and Punitive School Discipline.” Social Problems 57 (1): 25–48. doi: 10.1525/sp.2010.57.1.25
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar