2,361
Views
29
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Funding God’s policies, defending whiteness: Christian nationalism and whites’ attitudes towards racially-coded government spending.

Pages 2123-2142 | Received 23 Nov 2017, Accepted 02 Aug 2018, Published online: 04 Oct 2018

References

  • Alexander, Michelle. 2012. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press.
  • Ayers, John, C. Richard Hofstetter, Keith Schnakenberg, and Bohdan Kolody. 2009. “Is Immigration a Racial Issue? Anglo Attitudes on Immigration Policies in a Border County.” Social Science Quarterly 90 (3): 593–610.
  • Banks, Antoine J. 2014. “The Public’s Anger: White Racial Attitudes and Opinions Toward Health Care Reform.” Political Behavior 36 (3): 493–514.
  • Barkan, Steven E., and Steven F. Cohn. 2005. “Why Whites Favor Spending More Money to Fight Crime: The Role of Racial Prejudice.” Social Problems 52 (2): 300–314.
  • Blake, Aaron. 2016. “The final Trump-Clinton debate transcript, annotated.” The Washington Post. Accessed at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/10/19/the-final-trump-clinton-debate-transcript-annotated/?utm_term=.e773f507daef.
  • Bonds, Michael. 2006. “The Continuing Significance of Race: A Case Study of the Impact of Welfare Reform.” Journal of African American Studies 9: 18–31.
  • Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2003. Racism Without Racists: Color Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2015. “The Structure of Racism in Color-Blind, ‘Post-Racial’ America.” American Behavioral Scientist 59 (11): 1358–1376.
  • Branton, Regina, Erin C. Cassese, Bradford S. Jones, and Chad Westerland. 2011. “All Along the Watchtower: Acculturation Fear, Anti-Latino Affect, and Immigration.” Journal of Politics 73 (3): 664–679.
  • Branton, Regina, Gavin Dillingham, Johanna Dunaway, and Beth Miller. 2007. “Anglo Voting on Nativist Ballot Initiatives: The Partisan Impact of Spatial Proximity to the U.S.-Mexico Border.” Social Science Quarterly 88 (3): 882–897.
  • Braunstein, Ruth, and Malaena Taylor. 2017. “Is the Tea Party a ‘Religious’ Movement? Religiosity in the Tea Party Versus the Religious Right.” Sociology of Religion 78 (1): 33–59.
  • Brown, Michael K. 1999. Race, Money, and the American Welfare State. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
  • Brown, Hana E. 2013. “Racialized Conflict and Policy Spillover Effects: The Role of Race in the Contemporary U.S. Welfare State.” American Journal of Sociology 119 (2): 394–443.
  • Brown-Iannuzzi, Jazmin L., Ron Dotsch, Erin Cooley, and B. Keith Payne. 2017. “The Relationship Between Mental Representations of Welfare Recipients and Attitudes Toward Welfare.” Psychological Science 28 (1): 92–103.
  • Cassiman, Shawn A. 2008. “Resisting the Neo-Liberal Poverty Discourse: On Constructing Deadbeat Dads and Welfare Queens.” Sociology Compass 2 (5): 1690–1700.
  • Clydesdale, Timothy T. 1999. “Toward Understanding the Role of Bible Beliefs and Higher Education in American Attitudes Toward Eradicating Poverty 1964–1996.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 38 (1): 103–118.
  • Cornelius, Wayne A. 2001. “Death at the Border: Efficacy and Unintended Consequences of US Immigration Control Policy.” Population and Development Review 27 (4): 661–685.
  • Cornelius, Wayne A., and Idean Salehyan. 2007. “Does Border Enforcement Deter Unauthorized Immigration? The Case of Mexican Migration to the United States of America.” Regulation and Governance 1 (2): 139–153.
  • Danziger, Sandra K. 2010. “The Decline of Cash Welfare and Implications for Social Policy and Poverty.” Annual Review of Sociology 36: 523–545.
  • Davis, Joshua T. 2018. “Enforcing Christian Nationalism: Examining the Link Between Group Identity and Punitive Attitudes in the United States.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. doi:10.1111/jssr.12510.
  • Edgell, Penny, and Eric Tranby. 2010. “Shared Visions? Diversity and Cultural Membership in American Life.” Social Problems 57 (2): 175–204.
  • Fox, Cybelle. 2004. “The Changing Color of Welfare? How Whites’ Attitudes Toward Latinos Influence Support for Welfare.” American Journal of Sociology 110 (3): 580–625.
  • Gilens, Martin. 1995. “Racial Attitudes and Opposition to Welfare.” The Journal of Politics 57 (4): 994–1014.
  • Gilens, Martin. 1996. “‘Race Coding’ and White Opposition to Welfare.” American Political Science Review 90 (3): 593–604.
  • Gilens, Martin. 1999. Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Goren, Paul. 2003. “Race, Sophistication, and White Opinion on Government Spending.” Political Behavior 25 (3): 201–220.
  • Gorski, Philip. 2017a. American Covenant: A History of Civil Religion from the Puritans to the Present. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Gorski, Philip. 2017b. “Why Evangelicals Voted for Trump: A Critical Cultural Sociology.” American Journal of Cultural Sociology 5 (3): 338–354.
  • Graham, Phil, Thomas Keenan, and Anne-Maree Dowd. 2004. A Call to Arms at the end of History: a Discourse-Historical Analysis of George W. Bush’s Declaration of war on Terror.” Discourse & Society 15 (2-3): 199–221.
  • Harell, Allison, Stuart Soroka, and Shanto Iyengar. 2016. “Race, Prejudice and Attitudes Toward Redistribution: A Comparative Experimental Approach.” European Journal of Political Research 55: 723–744.
  • Harell, Alison, Stuart Soroka, and Kiera Ladner. 2014. “Public Opinion, Prejudice, and the Racialization of Welfare in Canada.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 37 (14): 2580–2597.
  • Harris, Alexes, Heather Evans, and Katherine Beckett. 2011. “Courtesy Stigma and Monetary Sanctions: Toward a Socio-Cultural Theory of Punishment.” American Sociological Review 76 (2): 234–264.
  • Hurwitz, Jon, and Mark Peffley. 2005. “Playing the Race Card in the Post-Willie Horton Era: The Impact of Racialized Code Words on Support for Punitive Crime Policy.” Public Opinion Quarterly 69 (1): 99–112.
  • Jones, Robert P. 2016. The End of White Christian America. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Kinder, Donald R., and Lynn M. Sanders. 1990. “Mimicking Political Debate with Survey Questions: The Case of White Opinion on Affirmative Action for Blacks.” Social Cognition 8 (1): 73–103.
  • Kluegel, James R. 1987. “Macro-Economic Problems, Beliefs About the Poor and Attitudes Toward Welfare Spending.” Social Problems 34 (1): 82–99.
  • Krysan, Maria. 2000. “Prejudice, Politics, and Public Opinion: Understanding the Sources of Racial Policy Attitudes.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 135–168.
  • Ledford, Chris. 2016. “Symbolic Racism, Institutional Bias, and Welfare Drug Testing Legislation: Racial Biases Matter.” The Policy Studies Journal. doi: 10.1111/psj.12192
  • Massey, Douglas S., Jorge Durand, and Karen A. Pren. 2016. “Why Border Enforcement Backfired.” American Journal of Sociology 121 (5): 1557–1600.
  • Massey, Douglas S., and Karen A. Pren. 2012. “Unintended Consequences of US Immigration Policy: Explaining the Post-1965 Surge From Latin America.” Population and Development Review 38 (1): 1–29.
  • McDaniel, Eric L., Irfan Nooruddin, and Allyson Faith Shortle. 2011. “Divine Boundaries: How Religion Shapes Citizens’ Attitudes Toward Immigrants.” American Politics Research 39 (1): 205–233.
  • Merino, Stephen M. 2010. “Religious Diversity in a 'Christian Nation': The Effects of Theological Exclusivity and Interreligious Contact on the Acceptance of Religious Diversity.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 49 (2): 231–246.
  • Perry, Samuel L., and Andrew L. Whitehead. 2015a. “Christian Nationalism and White Racial Boundaries: Examining Whites’ Opposition to Interracial Marriage.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 38 (10): 1671–1689.
  • Perry, Samuel L., and Andrew L. Whitehead. 2015b. “Christian Nationalism, Racial Separatism, and Family Formation: Attitudes Toward Transracial Adoption as a Test Case.” Race and Social Problems 7 (2): 123–134.
  • Perry, Samuel L., Andrew L. Whitehead, and Joshua T. Davis. 2018. “God’s Country in Black and Blue: How Christian Nationalism Shapes White Americans’ Views about Police Treatment of Blacks.” Sociology of Race and Ethnicity. doi: 10.31235/osf.io/gj5zr
  • Schmidt, Alexander W., and Dennis C. Spies. 2014. “Do Parties ‘Playing the Race Card’ Undermine Natives’ Support for Redistribution? Evidence From Europe.” Comparative Political Studies 47 (4): 519–549.
  • Schram, Sanford F., Joe Soss, Richard C. Fording, and Linda Houser. 2009. “Deciding to Discipline: Race, Choice, and Punishment at the Frontlines of Welfare Reform.” American Sociological Review 74: 398–422.
  • Schuman, Howard, Charlotte Steeh, Lawrence D. Bobo, and Maria Krysan. 1997. Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Schwadel, Philip, and Erik Johnson. 2017. “The Religious and Political Origins of Evangelical Protestants’ Opposition to Environmental Spending.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 56 (1): 179–198.
  • Steensland, Brian, Jerry Z. Park, Mark D. Regnerus, Lynn D. Robinson, W. Bradford Wilcox, and Robert D. Woodberry. 2000. “The Measure of American Religion: Toward Improving the State of the Art.” Social Forces 79 (1): 291–318.
  • Shortle, Allyson F., and Ronald Keith Gaddie. 2015. “Religious Nationalism and Perceptions of Muslims and Islam.” Politics and Religion 8: 435–457.
  • Straughn, Jeremy Brooke, and Scott L. Feld. 2010. “America as a ‘Christian Nation’? Understanding Religious Boundaries of National Identity in the United States.” Sociology of Religion 71 (3): 280–306.
  • von Hippel, Paul T. 2007. “Regression with Missing Ys: An Improved Strategy for Analyzing Multiply Imputed Data.” Sociological Methodology 37: 83–117.
  • Whitehead, Andrew L., and Samuel L. Perry. 2015. “A More Perfect Union? Christian Nationalism and Support for Same-Sex Unions.” Sociological Perspectives 58 (3): 422–440.
  • Whitehead, Andrew L., Samuel L. Perry, and Joseph O. Baker. 2018. “Make America Christian Again: Christian Nationalism and Voting for Donald Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election.” Sociology of Religion 79 (2): 147–171.
  • Whitehead, Andrew L., and Christopher P. Scheitle. 2018. “We the (Christian) People: Christianity and American Identity from 1996 to 2014.” Social Currents 5 (2): 157–172.
  • Williams, Rhys H. 2013. “Civil Religion and the Cultural Politics of National Identity in Obama’s America.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 52 (2): 239–57.
  • Woods, Joshua, and Agnieszka Marciniak. 2017. “The Effects of Perceived Threat, Political Orientation, and Framing on Public Reactions to Punitive Immigration Law Enforcement Practices.” Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 3 (2): 202–217.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.