Unaccompanied migrant girls: navigating religious girlhood in the UK

References

• Ameena, A. 2015. “An Alternative Perspective: Islam, Identity, and Gender Migration of Sudanese Muslim Women in the UK.” African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 9 (1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPSIR11.026.
   Google Scholar
• Archer, M. 2010. Conversations About Reflexivity. London and New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bernard, C. 2022. Intersectionality for Social Workers: A Practical Introduction to Theory and Practice. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Bhatti-Sinclair, K. 2011. Anti-racist Practice in Social Work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Boylorn, R. M. 2016. “On Being at Home with Myself: Blackgirl Autoethnography as Research Praxis.” International Review of Qualitative Research 9 (1): 44–58. https://doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2016.9.1.44.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
   Google Scholar
• Brook, M. I., and F. G. Ottemöller. 2020. “A New Life in Norway: The Adaptation Experiences of Unaccompanied Refugee Minor Girls.” Children and Youth Services Review 117: 105287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canda, E., L. Furman, and H.-J. Canda. 2019. Spiritual Diversity in Social Work Practice: The Heart of Helping. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Carrion, A., M. De Gaspari and S. Zanella. 2018. Young and on the Move in West Africa. (n.d.). Resource Centre. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/14327/pdf/055_young-and-on-the-move.pdf.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Chandler, C. M. 2020. “An International Oversight: Unveiling the Disproportionate Effect That Religious Persecution Has on Women.” Journal of Global Justice and Public Policy 6: 223–256.
   Google Scholar
• Chase, E. 2010. “Agency and Silence: Young People Seeking Asylum Alone in the UK.” British Journal of Social Work 40 (7): 2050–2068. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcp103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chase, E., and J. Allsopp. 2021. Youth Migration and the Politics of Wellbeing: Stories of Life in Transition. Bristol: Bristol University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Clayton, S., A. Gupta, and K. Willis. 2019. Unaccompanied Young Migrants: Identity, Care and Justice. Bristol: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Constance-Huggins, M., S. Moore, and Z. M. Slay. 2022. “Sex Trafficking of Black Girls: A Critical Race Theory Approach to Practice.” Journal of Progressive Human Services 33 (1): 62–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/10428232.2021.1987755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosgrove, D., and L. Pyles. 2023. “Holistic Engagement and White Neoliberal Social Work: Resistance or Accommodation?” Journal of Progressive Human Services 0 (0): 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Crawford, M. 2017. “International Sex Trafficking.” Women & Therapy 40 (1–2): 101–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2016.1206784.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawley, H. 2022. “Saving Brown Women from Brown Men? “Refugee Women”, Gender and the Racialised Politics of Protection.” Refugee Survey Quarterly 41 (3): 355–380. https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdac021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. 1991. “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color.” Stanford Law Review 43 (6): 1241–1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039.
   Google Scholar
• Dadhania, P. R. 2023. “Gender-Based Religious Persecution.” Minnesota Law Review 107 (4): 1563–1619.
   Google Scholar
• Danewid, I. 2017. “White Innocence in the Black Mediterranean: Hospitality and the Erasure of History.” Third World Quarterly 38 (7): 1674–1689. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2017.1331123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Finney, S. 2016. “Under the Shadow of Empire: Indigenous Girls’ Presencing as Decolonizing Force.” In Girlhood and the Politics of Place, edited by C. Mitchell and C. Rentschler, 19–37. New York: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• de Vries, B. A. 2016. “Towards a Global Theology: Theological Method and Contextualisation.” Verbum et Ecclesia 37 (1): 2074–7705. https://doi.org/10.4102/ve.v37i1.1536.
   Google Scholar
• Drammeh, L. 2019. “Spaces of Belonging and Social Care.” In Unaccompanied Young Migrants: Identity, Care and Justice, edited by S. Clayton, A. Gupta, and K. Willis, 159–186. Bristol: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Evans-Winters, V. E. 2017. “Flipping the Script: The Dangerous Bodies of Girls of Color.” Cultural Studies – Critical Methodologies 17 (5): 415–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708616684867.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin-Phipps, A. 2022. “Spatializing Black Girlhood: Rap Music and Strategies of Refusal.” Girlhood Studies 15 (1): 89–104. https://doi.org/10.3167/ghs.2022.150107.
   Google Scholar
• Froggett, L., and S. Briggs. 2012. “Practice-Near and Practice-Distant Methods in Human Services Research.” Journal of Research Practice 8 (2): M9–M9.
   Google Scholar
• Furness, S., and P. Gilligan. 2014. “‘It Never Came Up’: Encouragements and Discouragements to Addressing Religion and Belief in Professional Practice--What Do Social Work Students Have To Say?” British Journal of Social Work 44 (3): 763–781. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcs140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glapka, E. 2018. “Lost in Translation: The Male Gaze and The (In)Visible Bodies of Muslim Women—A Response Article.” Journal of International Women's Studies 19 (2): 16.
   Google Scholar
• Grabska, K. 2020. “‘Wasting Time’: Migratory Trajectories of Adolescence among Eritrean Refugee Girls in Khartoum.” Critical African Studies 12 (1): 22–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681392.2019.1697318.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, M. 2008. “Viewing Spirituality in Social Work Through the Lens of Contemporary Social Theory.” British Journal of Social Work 38 (1): 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcl078.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, T. H. 2019. The Fear of Islam, Second Edition: An Introduction to Islamophobia in the West. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grosfoguel, R., L. Oso, and A. Christou. 2015. “‘Racism’, Intersectionality and Migration Studies: Framing Some Theoretical Reflections.” Identities 22 (6): 635–652. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2014.950974.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, A. 2019. “Caring for and About Unaccompanied Migrant Youth.” In Unaccompanied Young Migrants: Identity, Care and Justice, edited by S. Clayton, A. Gupta, and K. Willis, 77–101. Bristol: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Halliday, A. S., ed. 2019. The Black Girlhood Studies Collection. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hines, C. M., and D. L. Menefee. 2022. “#BlackGirlLiteratureMatters: Exploring the Multiplicities of Black Girlhood.” English Journal, High School Edition 111 (3): 67–74.
   Google Scholar
• Home Office. 2023. Asylum Application Data Sets 2022. Accessed May 21 2023. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/asylum-and-resettlement-datasets.
   Google Scholar
• Humphris, R., and N. Sigona. 2017. “Outsourcing the ‘Best Interests’ of Unaccompanied Asylum-Seeking Children in the era of Austerity.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 0 (0): 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• IFSW (International Federation of Social Workers). 2014. Global Definition of Social Work July 2014. https://www.ifsw.org/what-is-social-work/global-definition-of-social-work/.
   Google Scholar
• Im, H., and L. E. T. Swan. 2022. “Factors Influencing Improvement of Trauma-Related Symptoms among Somali Refugee Youth in Urban Kenya.” Community Mental Health Journal 58 (6): 1179–1190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00928-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IOM. 2011. Unaccompanied Children on the Move. https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/uam_report_11812.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Jean, E. A., A. Neal-Barnett, and R. Stadulis. 2022. “How We See us: An Examination of Factors Shaping the Appraisal of Stereotypical Media Images of Black Women among Black Adolescent Girls.” Sex Roles 86: 334–345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-021-01269-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jule, A., and B. T. Pedersen, eds. 2006. Being Feminist, Being Christian: Essays from Academia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Kohli, R. K. S., and M. Kaukko. 2018. “The Management of Time and Waiting by Unaccompanied Asylum-Seeking Girls in Finland.” Journal of Refugee Studies 31 (4): 488–506. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fex040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutscher, N., and L.-M. Kress. 2018. “The Ambivalent Potentials of Social Media Use by Unaccompanied Minor Refugees.” Social Media Society 4 (1): 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larkin, R. 2022. Separated Migrant Young Women in State Care: Living in Contested Spaces. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Larkin, R., and M. Lefevre. 2020. “Unaccompanied Young Females and Social Workers: Meaning-Making in the Practice Space.” The British Journal of Social Work: (0): 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, L. 2015. Recognizing the Non-Religious: Reimagining the Secular. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Maddix, M. A. 2018. “Embracing Postcolonialism: The Future of Christian Education.” Christian Education Journal: Research on Educational Ministry 15 (3): 479–490. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739891318809209.
   Google Scholar
• Mannay, D. 2016. Visual, Narrative and Creative Research Methods: Application, Reflection and Ethics. 1st ed. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, C. 2018. “‘They Don’t Look Like Children’: Child Asylum-Seekers, the Dubs Amendment and the Politics of Childhood.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44 (11): 1757–1773. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1417027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meloni, F., and R. Humphris. 2021. “Citizens of Nowhere? Paradoxes of State Parental Responsibility for Unaccompanied Migrant Children in the United Kingdom.” Journal of Refugee Studies 34 (3): 3245–3263. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendoza Pérez, K., and M. Morgade Salgado. 2019. “‘Unaccompanied’ Minors? Accompanied Foreign Minors, Families and New Technologies.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 20: 121–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-018-0591-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, B. 2021. “What is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World.” Journal of Religion in Africa 50 (1–2): 156–181. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12340184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miled, N. 2020. “Can the Displaced Speak? Muslim Refugee Girls Negotiating Identity, Home and Belonging Through Photovoice.” Women's Studies International Forum 81: 102381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2020.102381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newcomb, M., K. Saxton, E. Lovrić, S. Harris, and D. Davidson. 2023. “Creating Safety: Group Reflections on Surviving as a Female, Social Work Early Career Academic in the Neoliberal Academy.” Qualitative Social Work 22 (6): 1092–1107. https://doi.org/10.1177/14733250221122361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ní Raghallaigh, M., and R. Gilligan. 2010. “Active Survival in the Lives of Unaccompanied Minors: Coping Strategies, Resilience, and the Relevance of Religion.” Child & Family Social Work 15 (2): 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2009.00663.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Njoh, A. J., and F. A. Akiwumi. 2012. “The Impact of Religion on Women Empowerment as a Millennium Development Goal in Africa.” Social Indicators Research 107 (1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9827-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul Victor, C. G., and J. V. Treschuk. 2020. “Critical Literature Review on the Definition Clarity of the Concept of Faith, Religion, and Spirituality.” Journal of Holistic Nursing 38 (1): 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010119895368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. 2018. Being Christian in Western Europe. Washington, DC: Pew Research.
   Google Scholar
• Pieterse, H. R. 2017. “A new Global Theology? Intercultural Theology and the Challenge of Public Discourse in a Global Church.” Missiology: An International Review 45 (2): 138–155. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091829617696461.
   Google Scholar
• Polit, D. F., and C. T. Beck. 2010. “Generalization in Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Myths and Strategies.” International Journal of Nursing Studies 47 (11): 1451–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.06.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purkayastha, B. 2012. “Intersectionality in a Transnational World.” Gender & Society 26 (1): 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243211426725.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rentschler, C., and C. Mitchell, eds. 2016. Girlhood and the Politics of Place. New York: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Robson, C. 2011. Real World Research: A Resource for Users of Social Research Methods in Applied Settings. Chichester: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Ruch, G. 2012. “Where Have All the Feelings Gone? Developing Reflective and Relationship-Based Management in Child-Care Social Work.” British Journal of Social Work 42 (7): 1315–1332. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcr134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommers, I. C. H. 2020. “Suffering for Her Faith: The Importance of an Intersectional Perspective on Gendered Religious Persecution in International Law.” Harvard International Law Journal 61: 511.
   Google Scholar
• Stabler, L., E. Cunningham, D. Mannay, M. Boffey, A. Cummings, B. Davies, C. Wooders, R. Vaughan, and R. Evans. 2023. “I Probably Wouldn’t Want to Talk About Anything Too Personal’: A Qualitative Exploration of How Issues of Privacy, Confidentiality and Surveillance in the Home Impact on Access and Engagement with Online Services and Spaces for Care-Experienced Young People.” Adoption & Fostering 47 (3): 277–294. https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759231203019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, C. 2007. A Secular Age. London: Belknap Press.
   Google Scholar
• Teloni, D.-D., and R. Mantanika. 2015. “‘This is a Cage for Migrants’: The Rise of Racism and the Challenges for Social Work in the Greek Context.” Critical and Radical Social Work 3 (2): 189–206. https://doi.org/10.1332/204986015X14332581741051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tusasiirwe, S., D. Nabbumba, and P. Kansiime. 2022. “Religion and Spirituality in Social Work in Uganda: Lessons for Social Work Education.” Social Work Education 42 (2): 1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UK Government. 2023. Children Looked After in England Including Adoptions. Reporting Year 2023. Accessed December 11, 2023. https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/find-statistics/children-looked-after-in-england-including-adoptions.
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR. 2023. Global Trends in Forced Displacement. https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends-report-2022.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 1989. Convention on the Rights of the Child. https://www.unicef.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/unicef-convention-rights-child-uncrc.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. 2021. Annual Report 2021. Accessed May 25, 2023. https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2021-04/2021%20Annual%20Report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Waite, H. 2022. The Nones: Who Are They and What Do They Believe? London: Theos Think Tank. https://www.theosthinktank.co.uk/cmsfiles/The-Nones—Who-are-they-and-what-do-they-believe.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Weitzel, M. D. 2018. “Audializing Migrant Bodies: Sound and Security at the Border.” Security Dialogue 49 (6): 421–437. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010618795788.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodcock Ross, J. 2019. Issues in Social Work Communication With Parents Who Are Christian: An Empirical Study Under-Laboured by Critical Realist Principles. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10072805/.
   Google Scholar
• Woodcock Ross, J., and A. Wright. 2021. “Social Work Communication with Parents Who Are Practising Christians: An Empirical Study.” The British Journal of Social Work 51 (7): 2439–2457. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcaa041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yacob-Haliso, O. 2016. “Intersectionality and Durable Solutions for Refugee Women in Africa.” Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 11 (3): 53–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2016.1236698.
   Google Scholar