120
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Absence makes the heart grow colder: the harmful nature of invisibility of contemporary American Indians

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Received 13 Sep 2023, Accepted 11 Jan 2024, Published online: 31 Jan 2024

References

  • Ajzen, Icek, and James Sexton. 1999. “Depth of Processing, Belief Congruence, and Attitude-Behavior Correspondence.” In Dual-Process Theories in Social Psychology, edited by S. Chaiken and Y. Trope, 117–138. New York: Guilford.
  • Baylor, Tim. 1996. “Media Framing of Movement Protest: The Case of American Indian Protest.” The Social Science Journal 33 (3): 241–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0362-3319(96)90021-X.
  • Bobo, Lawrence D., and Mia Tuan. 2006. Prejudice in Politics: Group Position, Public Opinion, and the Wisconsin Treaty Rights Dispute. Cambridge: Harvard University.
  • Covarrubis, Rebecca, and Stephanie A. Fryberg. 2015. “The Impact of Self-Relevant Representations on School Belonging for Native American Students.” Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 21 (1): 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037819.
  • Dai, Juntao D., Julisa J. Lopez, Laura M. Brady, Arianne E. Eason, and Stephanie A. Fryberg. 2021. “Erasing and Dehumanizing Natives to Protect Positive National Identity: The Native Mascot Example.” Social and Personality Psychology Compass 15 (9): e12632. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12632.
  • Davis-Delano, Laurel. R., Jennifer J. Folsom, Virginia McLaurin, Arianne E. Eason, and Stephanie A. Fryberg. 2021. “Representations of Native Americans in U.S. Culture? A Case of Omissions and Commissions.” The Social Science Journal. Advance Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/03623319.2021.1975086.
  • Davis-Delano, Laurel R., Renee V. Galliher, Kirsten M. Carlson, Arianne E. Eason, and Stephanie A. Fryberg. 2020a. “White Opposition to Native Nation Sovereignty: The Role of `the Casino Indian’ Stereotype and Presence of Native Nation Gaming.” Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 17 (1): 55–80. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X20000119.
  • Davis-Delano, Laurel R., Joseph P. Gone, and Stephanie A. Fryberg. 2020b. “The Psychosocial Effects of Native American Mascots: A Comprehensive Review of Empirical Research Findings.” Race Ethnicity and Education 23 (5): 613–633. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2020.1772221.
  • Duncan, Lauren E. 1999. “Motivation for Collective Action: Group Consciousness as Mediator of Personality, Life Experiences, and Women’s Rights Activism.” Political Psychology 20 (3): 611–635. https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00159.
  • Fitzgerald, Michael R. 2010. “`Evolutionary Stages of Minorities in the Mass Media': An Application of Clark's Model to American Indian Television Representations.” Howard Journal of Communications 21 (4): 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2010.519651.
  • Fitzgerald, Michael R. 2014. Native Americans on Network TV: Stereotypes, Myths, and the “Good Indian”. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Fryberg, Stephanie A., J. Dai, and Arianne E. Eason. 2023. “Omission as a Modern Form of Bias Against Native Peoples: Implications for Policies and Practices.” Social Issues and Policy Review. Advance Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/sipr.12105.
  • Fryberg, Stephanie A., and Arianne E. Eason. 2017. “Making the Invisible Visible: Acts of Commission and Omission.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 26 (6): 554–559. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417720959.
  • Hayes, Andrew F. 2018. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford.
  • Huyser, Kimberly R., Aggie J. Yellow Horse, Alena A. Huhlemeier, and Michelle R. Huyser. 2021. “COVID-19 Pandemic and Indigenous Representation in Public Health Data.” American Journal of Public Health 111: S208–S214. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306415.
  • IBM Corp. 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 25.0).
  • Johnston, Anna, and Alan Lawson. 2000. “Settler Colonies.” In A Companion to Postcolonial Studies, edited by H. Schwartz and S. Ray, 360–376. Malden: Blackwell.
  • Journell, Wayne. 2009. “An Incomplete History: Representation of American Indians in State Social Studies Standards.” Journal of American Indian Education 48 (2): 18–32.
  • Kauanui, J. Kēhaulani. 2016. “‘A Structure, Not an Event’: Settler Colonialism and Enduring Indigeneity.” Lateral 5 (1). https://doi.org/10.25158/L5.1.7.
  • Larson, Stephanie G. 2006. Media & Minorities: The Politics of Race in News and Entertainment. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Leavitt, Peter A., Rebecca Covarrubias, Yvonne A. Perez, and Stephanie A. Fryberg. 2015. “‘Frozen in Time’: The Impact of Native American Media Representations on Identity and Self-Understanding.” Journal of Social Issues 71 (1): 39–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12095.
  • Lee, Moon J., Shannon L. Bichard, Meagan S. Irey, Heather M. Walt, and Alana J. Carlson. 2009. “Television Viewing and Ethnic Stereotypes: Do College Students Form Stereotypical Perceptions of Ethnic Groups as a Result of Heavy Television Consumption?” Howard Journal of Communications 20 (1): 95–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646170802665281.
  • Lopez, Julisa J., Arianne E. Eason, and Stephanie A. Fryberg. 2022. “The Same, Yet Different: Understanding the Perceived Acceptability of Redface and Blackface.” Social Psychological and Personality Science 13 (3): 698–709. https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506211039906.
  • Lowe, Kevin, and Tyson Yunkaporta. 2013. “The Inclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Content in the Australian National Curriculum: A Cultural, Cognitive and Socio-Political Evaluation.” Curriculum Perspectives 33 (1): 1–14.
  • McKay, Dwanna L., Kirsten Vinyeta, and Kari M. Norgaard. 2020. “Theorizing Race and Settler Colonialism Within U.S. Sociology.” Sociology Compass 14 (9): e12821. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12821.
  • Merskin, Debra. 2014. “How Many More Indians? An Argument for a Representational Ethics of Native Americans.” Journal of Communication Inquiry 38 (3): 184–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/0196859914537304.
  • Miller, Autumn, and Susan D. Ross. 2004. “They Are Not Us: Framing of American Indians by the Boston Globe.” Howard Journal of Communications 15 (4): 245–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646170490521716.
  • Molholt, Stephanie A. L. 2012. “American Indians in Print Advertising Since 1890.” In American Indians and Popular Culture, edited by E. D. Hoffman, 151–163. Santa Barbara: Praeger.
  • Morrison, Melanie. A., Todd G. Morrison, Rebecca L. Harriman, and Lisa M. Jewell. 2008. “Old-Fashioned and Modern Prejudice Toward Aboriginals in Canada.” In The Psychology of Modern Prejudice, edited by M. A. Morrison and T. G. Morrison, 277–311. Hauppauge: Nova Science.
  • O’Brien, Jean M. 2010. Firsting and Lasting: Writing Indians Out of Existence in New England. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
  • Orr, Raymond, Katelyn Sharratt, and Muhammad Iqbal. 2019. “American Indian Erasure and the Logic of Elimination: An Experimental Study of Depiction and Support for Resources and Rights for Tribes.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45 (11): 2078–2099. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1421061.
  • Peruta, Adam, and Jack Powers. 2017. “Look Who’s Talking to Our Kids: Representations of Race and Gender in TV Commercials on Nickelodeon.” International Journal of Communication 11: 1133–1148.
  • Raheja, Michelle H. 2010. Reservation Realism: Redfacing, Visual Sovereignty, and Representation of Native Americans in Film. Lincoln: University of Nebraska.
  • Reclaiming Native Truth Project. 2018. Research Findings: Compilation of All Research. Longmont, CO: First Nations Development Institute and Echo Hawk Consulting.
  • Sabzalian, Leilani, and Sarah B. Shear. 2018. “Recognizing Colonization, Self-determination, and Sovereignty as Core Knowledge for Elementary Social Studies Teacher Education.” In (Re)Imagining Elementary Social Studies: A Controversial Issues Reader, edited by S. B. Shear, C. M. Tschida, E. Bellows, L. B. Buchanan, and E. E. Saylor, 153–176. Charlotte: Information Age Publishing.
  • Schaefli, Laura, Anne Godlewska, and Christopher Lamb. 2019. “Securing Indigenous Dispossession Through Education: An Analysis of Canadian Curricula and Textbooks.” In Geographies of Schooling, Knowledge and Space, edited by H. Janke, C. Kramer, and P. Meusburger, 145–161. New York: Springer.
  • Shear, Sarah B., Ryan T. Knowles, Gregory J. Soden, and Antonio J. Castro. 2015. “Manifesting Destiny: Re/Presentations of Indigenous Peoples in K–12 U.S. History Standards.” Theory & Research in Social Education 43 (1): 68–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2014.999849.
  • Spranca, Mark, Elisa Minsk, and Jonathan Baron. 1991. “Omission and Commission in Judgment and Choice.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 27 (1): 76–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(91)90011-T.
  • Steinman, Erich W. 2022. “Settler Colonialism and Sociological Knowledge: Insights and Directions Forward.” Theory and Society 51: 145–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-021-09457-x.
  • Tuck, Eve, and K. Wayne Yang. 2012. “Decolonization is Not a Metaphor.” Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society 1 (1): 1–40.
  • Tukachinsky, Riva, Dana Mastro, and Moran Yarchi. 2015. “Documenting Portrayals of Race/Ethnicity on Primetime Television Over a 20-Year Span and Their Association with National-Level Racial/Ethnic Attitudes.” Journal of Social Issues 71 (1): 17–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12094.
  • Turner, Charles C. 2005. The Politics of Minor Concerns: American Indian Policy and Congressional Dynamics. Lanham: University Press of America.
  • U.S. Census Bureau. 2021. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/c2010br-10.pdf.
  • Veracini, Lorenzo. 2010. Settler Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Warner, Connor K. 2015. “A Study of State Social Studies Standards for American Indian Education.” Multicultural Perspectives 17 (3): 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/15210960.2015.1047930.
  • Weston, Mary A. 1996. Native Americans in the News: Images of Indians in the Twentieth Century. Westport: Greenwood.
  • Williams, Dmitri, Nicole Martins, Mia Consalvo, and James D. Ivory. 2009. “The Virtual Census: Representations of Gender, Race and Age in Video Games.” New Media & Society 11 (5): 815–834. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809105354.
  • Wolfe, Patrick. 2006. “Settler Colonialism and the Elimination of the Native.” Journal of Genocide Research 8 (4): 387–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623520601056240.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.