Transnationalism, economic transfers and families’ ties: Intercontinental contacts of older Gujaratis, Punjabis and Sylhetis in Birmingham with families abroad

References

• Adams , Richard H . 1989 . ‘Worker remittances and inequality in rural Egypt’ . Economic Development and Cultural Change , vol. 38 : pp. 45–71
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams , Richard H . 1991 . ‘The economic uses and impact of international remittances in rural Egypt’ . Economic Development and Cultural Change , vol. 39 : pp. 695–722
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams , Richard H . 1992 . ‘The effects of migration and remittance on inequality in rural Pakistan’ . The Pakistan Development Review , vol. 31 ( no. 4 ) : pp. 1189–1206
   Google Scholar
• Afshar Haleh et al 2001 ‘Empowerment, disempowerment and quality of life for older women’ Generations Review vol. 11 no. 4 pp. 12–13
   Google Scholar
• Afshar Haleh et al 2002 ‘Gender, ethnicity and empowerment in later life’ Quality in Ageing vol. 3 no. 1 pp. 27–34
   Google Scholar
• Agarwal , Bina . 1994 . ‘Gender and command over property: a critical gap in economic analysis and policy in South Asia’ . World Development , vol. 22 ( no. 10 ) : pp. 1455–78
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal Bina 1998 ‘Widows versus daughters or widows as daughters? Property, land and economic security in rural India’ in Martha Alter Chen (ed.) Widows in India. Social Neglect and Public Action London Sage pp. 124–69
   Google Scholar
• Alibhai-Brown Yasmin 1998 Of Heritage and Homeland London Counsel and Care
   Google Scholar
• Amin , Sajeda . 1998 . ‘Family structure and change in rural Bangladesh’ . Population Studies , vol. 52 ( no. 2 ) : pp. 201–13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkin Karl Rollings Janet 1996 ‘Looking after their own: family care-giving among Asian and Afro-Caribbean communities’ in I. Waqar, U. Ahmad and Karl Atkin (eds) ‘Race’ and Community Care Buckingham Open University Press pp. 73–86
   Google Scholar
• Aziz KMAshrafu 1979 Kinship in Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research
   Google Scholar
• Ballard , Roger . 1983 . ‘The context and consequences of migration: Jullander and Mirup compared’ . New Community , vol. 11 ( no. 1/2 ) : pp. 117–36
   Google Scholar
• Ballard Roger 2001 The Impact of Kinship on the Economic Dynamics of Transnational Networks: Reflections on some South Asian Developments 1 WPTC-01-14 Manchester Centre for Applied South Asian Studies University of Manchester
   Google Scholar
• Bhalla A Blakemore Ken 1981 Elders of the Minority Ethnic Groups Birmingham All Faiths for One Race
   Google Scholar
• Bhat , Anitha Kumari and Dhruvarajan , Raj . 2001 . ‘Ageing in India: drifting intergenerational relations challenges and option’ . Ageing and Society , vol. 21 ( no. 5 ) : pp. 621–40
   Google Scholar
• Blakemore Ken Boneham Margaret 1994 Age, Race and Ethnicity Milton Keynes Open University Press
   Google Scholar
• Boneham Margaret A et al 1997 ‘Elderly people from ethnic minorities in Liverpool: mental illness, unmet need and barriers to service use’ Health and Social Care in the Community vol. 5 no. 3 pp. 173–80
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burholt , Vanessa . 2004 . ‘The settlement patterns and residential histories of older Gujaratis, Punjabis and Sylhetis in Birmingham, England’ . Ageing and Society , vol. 24 : pp. 383–409
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burholt , Vanessa and Wenger , GClare . 1998 . ‘Differences Over Time In Older People's Relationships With Children And Siblings’ . Ageing and Society , vol. 18 ( no. 5 ) : pp. 537–62
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burholt Vanessa Wenger GClare 2003 Families and Migration: Older People from South Asia Department for International Development (DFID) Project ESA315. Final Report Bangor Centre for Social Policy Research and Development, University of Wales, Bangor
   Google Scholar
• Burholt Vanessa Wenger GClare Shah Zahida 2002 United Kingdom Regional Report No. 2: Older Punjabi Immigrants in Birmingham Department for International Development (DFID) Project ESA315. Comparative Report Bangor Centre for Social Policy Research and Development, University of Wales, Bangor
   Google Scholar
• Burholt Vanessa et al 2000 ‘Bangladeshi immigration to the United Kingdom: older people's support networks in the sending and receiving countries’ Quality in Ageing vol. 1 no. 2 pp. 18–30
   Google Scholar
• Cain , Mead T . 1986 . ‘The consequences of reproductive failure: dependence, mobility and mortality among the elderly of rural South Asia’ . Population Studies , vol. 40 ( no. 3 ) : pp. 375–88
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicirelli , Victor G . 1991 . ‘Sibling relationships in adulthood’ . Marriage and Family Review , vol. 16 ( nos. 3–4 ) : pp. 291–310
   Google Scholar
• Cicirelli Victor G 1993 ‘The longest bond: the sibling life cycle’ in Luciano L'abate (ed.) Handbook of Developmental Family Psychology and Psychopathology New York John Wiley and Sons pp. 44–59
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , Lawrence . 1995 . ‘Toward an anthropology of senility: anger, weakness and Alzheimer's in Banaras, India’ . Medical Anthropology Quarterly , vol. 9 ( no. 3 ) : pp. 314–34
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das Gupta , Monica . 1999 . ‘Lifeboat versus corporate ethic: social and demographic implications of stem and joint families’ . Social Science and Medicine , vol. 49 ( no. 2 ) : pp. 173–84
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dave Parul Mallya Indira Bhojak K 2003 Families and Migration: Older People from South Asia, Regional Report from Gujarat Vadodara India University of Baroda
   Google Scholar
• De Haan , Arjan . 1997 . ‘Migration as family strategy: rural-urban labor migration in India during the twentieth century’ . The History of the Family , vol. 2 ( no. 4 ) : pp. 481–505
   Google Scholar
• Dharmalingam , A . 1994 . ‘Old age support: expectations and experiences in a South Indian village’ . Population Studies , vol. 48 ( no. 1 ) : pp. 5–19
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drèze , Jean . 1999 . ‘A surprising exception: Himachal's success in promoting female education’ . Manushi , vol. 112
   Google Scholar
• Dusenbery Verne A 1986 ‘Introduction: a century of Sikhs beyond Punjab’ in N. Gerald Barrier and Verne Dusenbery (eds) The Sikh Diaspora: Migration and the Experience beyond Punjab Delhi Chanakya Publications pp. 1–28
   Google Scholar
• Dyson , Tim and Moore , Mick . 1983 . ‘On kinship structure, female autonomy and demographic behaviour in India’ . Population and Development Review , vol. 9 ( no. 1 ) : pp. 35–60
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrah M 1986 Black Elders in Leicester: An Action Research Report on the Needs of Black Elderly People of African Descent From the Caribbean Leicester Leicester Social Services Department
   Google Scholar
• Gardner Katy 1993 ‘Desh-bidesh: Sylheti images of home and away’ Man (N.S) vol. 28 pp. 1–15
   Google Scholar
• Glick Schiller , Nina . 1997 . ‘The situation of transnational studies’ . Identities , vol. 4 ( no. 2 ) : pp. 155–66
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin-Gill Guy S 2000 ‘Migration: international law and human rights’ in Bimal Ghosh (ed.) Managing Migration: Time for a New International Regime? Oxford Oxford University Press pp. 160–89
   Google Scholar
• Government of India 1999 National Policy on Older Persons Mumbai Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India
   Google Scholar
• Grewal , Ini and Nazroo , James . 2001 . ‘Assessing ethnic inequalities in quality of life’ . Growing Older Programme Newsletter , vol. 2 : p. 5
   Google Scholar
• Jejeebhoy , Shireen J and Sathar , Zeba A . 2001 . ‘Women's autonomy in India and Pakistan: the influence of religion and region’ . Population and Development Review , vol. 27 ( no. 4 ) : pp. 687–712
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerrome , Dorothy . 1994 . ‘Time, change and continuity in family life’ . Ageing and Society , vol. 14 : pp. 1–27
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabir Zarina N 2001 The Emerging Elderly Population in Bangladesh: Aspects of their Health and Social Situation Karolinska Sweden Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Occupational Therapy and Elderly Care Research (NEUROTEC), Division of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
   Google Scholar
• Kalka , Iris . 1990 . ‘Attachment to the mother country-image and reality’ . Ethnic Groups , vol. 8 ( no. 4 ) : pp. 249–65
   Google Scholar
• Khan , FR . 1984 . ‘Role of fictive kinship in the network of exchange relationships of the people of Bangladesh’ . Bangladesh Journal of Sociology , vol. 11 ( no. 1 ) : pp. 90–5
   Google Scholar
• Kivisto , Peter . 2001 . ‘Theorizing transnational immigration: a critical review of current efforts’ . Ethnic and Racial Studies , vol. 24 ( no. 4 ) : pp. 549–77
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knodel , John and Debavalya , Nibhon . 1997 . ‘Living arrangements and support among the elderly in South-East Asia: an introduction’ . Asia-Pacific Population Journal , vol. 12 ( no. 4 ) : pp. 5–16
   Google Scholar
• Kumar S 1996 ‘The aged in India: comparative study of socio-economic conditions in Kerala and Uttar Pradesh’ PhD dissertation International Institute for Population Sciences Bombay India
   Google Scholar
• Manthorpe , Jill and Hettiaratchy , Pearl . 1993 . ‘Ethnic minority elders in the UK’ . International Review of Psychiatry , vol. 5 ( nos. 2–3 ) : pp. 171–8
   Google Scholar
• Martin , Linda . 1990 . ‘The status of South Asia's growing elderly population’ . Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology , vol. 5 ( no. 2 ) : pp. 93–117
   Google Scholar
• Mason , Karen Oppenheim . 1992 . ‘Family change and support of the elderly in Asia: what do we know?’ . Asia-Pacific Population Journal , vol. 7 ( no. 3 ) : pp. 13–32
   Google Scholar
• Maynard , Mary . 2002 . ‘Studying age,'race' and gender: translating a research proposal into a project’ . International Journal of Social Research Methodology , vol. 5 ( no. 1 ) : pp. 31–40
   Google Scholar
• McLeod Mike Owen David Khamis Chris 2001 Black and Minority Ethnic Voluntary and Community Organisations: Their Role and Future Development in England and Wales London Policy Studies Institute for Joseph Rowntree Foundation
   Google Scholar
• Moriarty Jo et al 2001 ‘Quality of life and social support among people from different ethnic groups’ Generations Review vol. 11 no. 4 pp. 8–9
   Google Scholar
• Moyer , Martha S . 1992 . ‘Sibling relationships among older adults’ . Generations , vol. 16 ( no. 3 ) : pp. 55–8
   Google Scholar
• Noman Omar 1991 ‘The impact of migration on Pakistan's economy and society’ in Hastings Donnan and Pnina Werbner (eds) Economy and Culture in Pakistan. Migrants and Cities in a Muslim Society London Macmillan pp. 77–96
   Google Scholar
• Owen David 1993 Ethnic Minorities in Great Britain: Age and Gender Structure Warwick University of Warwick, Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations
   Google Scholar
• Patel Naina 1993 ‘Healthy margins: black elders’ care-models, policies and prospects’ in Waqar I. Ahmad (ed.) ‘Race’ and Health in Contemporary Britain Buckingham Open University Press pp. 114–34
   Google Scholar
• Phillipson Chris et al 2000 ‘Bangladeshi families in Bethnal Green: older people, ethnicity and social exclusion’ in Tony Warnes, Lorna Warren and Mike Nolan (eds) Care Services for Later Life London Jessica Kingsley
   Google Scholar
• Piore Michael 1979 Birds of Passage: Migrant Labor and Industrial Societies Cambridge Cambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Portes , Alejandro . 1997 . ‘Immigration theory for a new century: some problems and opportunities’ . International Migration Review , vol. 31 ( no. 4 ) : pp. 463–77
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portes , Alejandro , Guarnizo , Luis and Landolt , Patricia . 1999 . ‘The study of transnational communities: pitfalls and promise of an emergent field’ . Ethnic and Racial Studies , vol. 22 ( no. 2 ) : pp. 217–37
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prakash Indira Jai 1999 Ageing in India Geneva World Health Organisation (Acc. 11/03), http://www.who.int/hpr/ageing/ageinginindia.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Qureshi Tariq 1998 Living in Britain, Growing Old in Britain: A Study of Bangladeshi Elders in London London Centre for Policy on Ageing
   Google Scholar
• Rajan , SIrudaya and Kumar , Sanjay . 2003 . ‘Living arrangements among Indian elderly: new evidence from National Family Health Survey’ . Economic and Political Weekly , vol. 38 ( no. 1 ) : pp. 75–80
   Google Scholar
• Randel Judith German Tony Deborah Ewing (eds) 1999 The Ageing and Development Report: Poverty, Independence and the World's Older People London Earthscan Publications
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie Mark A Tiffay Kathleen Bowling (eds) 2000 Uncertainty Rules Our Lives. The Situation of Older People in Bangladesh Chiang Mai Thailand HelpAge International, Asia/Pacific Regional Development Centre, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University
   Google Scholar
• Rogler , Lloyd H . 1994 . ‘International migrations: a framework for directing research’ . American Psychologist , vol. 49 ( no. 8 ) : pp. 701–8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarker , Profulla Chandra . 1980 . ‘Dharmoatmyo: fictive kin relationships in rural Bangladesh’ . The Eastern Anthropologist , vol. 33 ( no. 1 ) : pp. 55–61
   Google Scholar
• Sarker , Profulla Chandra and Ghosh , L . 2001 . ‘Kinship structure and care of the aged in Bangladesh’ . South Asian Anthropologist , vol. 1 ( no. 1 ) : pp. 37–44
   Google Scholar
• Saunders Paul A et al 1993 ‘The prevalence of dementia, depression and neurosis in later life: the Liverpool MRC-ALPHA study’ International Journal of Epidemiology vol. 22 no. 5 pp. 838–47
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scharf , Thomas . 2002 . ‘Researching disadvantage amongst older people belonging to ethnic minority groups’ . Growing Older Programme Newsletter , vol. 4 : pp. 5–6
   Google Scholar
• Schultz James H 1999 Economic security in old age: a family-Government partnership in Judith Randel, Tony German and Deborah Ewing (eds) The Ageing and Development Report: Poverty, Independence and the Worlds Older People London Earthscan Publications pp. 82–97
   Google Scholar
• Sengupta , Manisha and Agree , Emily M . 2002 . ‘Gender and disability among older adults in north and south India: differences associated with co-residence and marriage’ . Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology , vol. 17 : pp. 313–36
   Google Scholar
• Silveira , Ellen RT and Ebrahim , Shah . 1998 . ‘A comparison of mental health among minority ethnic elders and whites in East and North London’ . Age and Ageing , vol. 27 ( no. 3 ) : pp. 375–83
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalker Peter 2003 Stalker's Guide to International Remittances: Emigration – Remittances (Acc. 11/03), http://pstalker.com/migration/mg_emig_3.htm
   Google Scholar
• Stark , Oded J , Taylor , Edward and Yitzhaki , Shlomo . 1986 . ‘Remittances and inequality’ . The Economic Journal , vol. 96 : pp. 722–40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vatuk Sylvia 1982 ‘The family life of older people in a changing society: India’ in Vinson H. Sutlive, Nathan Altshuler and Marion D. Zamora (eds) Ageing and the Aged in the Third World: Part II. Regional and Ethnographic Perspectives Williamsburg Virginia Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary pp. 57–82
   Google Scholar
• Vertovec , Steven . 1999 . ‘Conceiving and researching transnationalism’ . Ethnic and Racial Studies , vol. 22 ( no. 2 ) : pp. 447–62
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Victor Christina R 1994 Old Age in Modern Society London Chapman Hall
   Google Scholar
• Werbner Pnina 1990 The Migration Process. Capital, Gifts and Offerings Among British Pakistanis Oxford Berg
   Google Scholar
• Werbner , Pnina . 1999 . ‘Global pathways. Working class cosmopolitans and the creation of transnational ethnic worlds’ . Social Anthropology , vol. 7 ( no. 1 ) : pp. 17–35
   Google Scholar
• World Bank Group 2001 Life Expectancy (Acc. 02/03), http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/modules/social/life/data.html
   Google Scholar