Educating universal professionals or global physicians? A multi-centre study of international medical programmes design

References

• Adams LV, Wagner CM, Nutt CT, Binagwaho A. 2016. The future of global health education: training for equity in global health. BMC Med Educ. 16(1):296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altbach PG, Knight J. 2007. The internationalization of higher education: motivations and realities. J Stud Int Educ. 11(3-4):290–305.
   Google Scholar
• Bates J, Schrewe B, Ellaway RH, Teunissen PW, Watling C. 2019. Embracing standardisation and contextualisation in medical education. Med Educ. 53(1):15–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battat R, Seidman G, Chadi N, Chanda MY, Nehme J, Hulme J, Li A, Faridi N, Brewer TF. 2010. Global health competencies and approaches in medical education: a literature review. BMC Med Educ. 10(1):94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleakley A, Bligh J, Browne J. 2011. Global medical education—a post-colonial dilemma. Chapter 12 In: Medical Education for the Future Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Bleakley A, Brice J, Bligh J. 2008. Thinking the post-colonial in medical education. Med Educ. 42(3):266–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun V, Clarke V. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 3(2):77–101.
   Google Scholar
• Brouwer EE, Frambach JM, Driessen EW. 2017. Mapping the scope of internationalized medical education. Poster presented at the annual conference of The Network Towards Unity for Health, Hammamet, Tunisia, April 8–12.
   Google Scholar
• Brown LD. 2014. Towards defining interprofessional competencies for global health education: drawing on educational frameworks and the experience of the UW-Madison Global Health Institute. J Law Med Ethics. 42(2_suppl):32–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celletti F, Reynolds T, Wright A, Stoertz A, Dayrit M. 2011. Educating a new generation of doctors to improve the health of populations in low-and middle-income countries. PLoS Med. 8(10):e1001108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crisp N, Chen L. 2014. Global supply of health professionals. N Engl J Med. 370(10):950–957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutrer WB, Miller B, Pusic MV, Mejicano G, Mangrulkar RS, Gruppen LD, Hawkins RE, Skochelak SE, Moore DE. 2017. Fostering the development of master adaptive learners. Acad Med. 92(1):70–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frenk J, Chen L, Bhutta ZA, Cohen J, Crisp N, Evans T, Fineberg H, Garcia P, Ke Y, Kelley P, et al. 2010. Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world. Lancet. 376(9756):1923–1958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosselin K, Norris JL, Ho M-J. 2016. Beyond homogenization discourse: reconsidering the cultural consequences of globalized medical education. Med Teach. 38(7):691–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green W, Whitsed C. 2015. Critical perspectives on internationalising the curriculum in disciplines: reflective narrative accounts from business, education and health. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Ho M-J, Abbas J, Ahn D, Lai C-W, Nara N, Shaw K. 2017. The “Glocalization” of medical school accreditation. Acad Med. 92(12):1715–1722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodges BD, Maniate JM, Martimianakis MA, Alsuwaidan M, Segouin C. 2009. Cracks and crevices: globalization discourse and medical education. Med Teach. 31(10):910–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karle H. 2007. International recognition of basic medical education programmes. Med Educ. 42(1):12–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan R, Hodges B, Martimianakis MA, Cole D. 2017. Twelve tips for undertaking reflexive global health experiences in medicine. Med Teach. 39(10):1023–1028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koehn P, Swick H. 2006. Medical education for a changing world: moving beyond cultural competence into transnational competence. Acad Med. 81(6):548–556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koplan JP, Bond TC, Merson MH, Reddy KS, Rodriguez MH, Sewankambo NK, Wasserheit JN, Consortium of universities for global health executive board. 2009. Towards a common definition of global health. Lancet. 373(9679):1993–1995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leask B, Bridge C. 2013. Comparing internationalisation of the curriculum in action across disciplines: theoretical and practical perspectives. Comp A J Comp Int Educ. 43(1):79–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leask B. 2015. Internationalizing the curriculum. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Wang J. 2015. Gaps in studies of global health education: an empirical literature review. Glob Health Action. 8(1):25709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolis CZ. 2013. Evaluating global health education. Med Teach. 35(3):181–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martimianakis MA, Hafferty FW. 2013. The world as the new local clinic: a critical analysis of three discourses of global medical competency. Soc Sci Med. 87:31–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayberry J. 2013. The development of medical education in Eastern Europe during the 20th century and the emergence of ‘English parallel’ courses. Scott Med J. 58(1):46–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mckimm J, McLean M. 2011. Developing a global health practitioner: time to act? Med Teach. 33(8):626–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller BM, Eichbaum Q, Brady DW, Moore DE. 2011. Aligning health sciences education with health needs in developing countries. Acad Med. 86(11):e10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdoch-Eaton D, Whittle S. 2012. Generic skills in medical education: developing the tools for successful lifelong learning. Med Educ. 46(1):120–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peluso MJ, van Schalkwyk S, Kellett A, Brewer TF, Clarfield AM, Davies D, Garg B, Greensweig T, Hafler J, Hou J, et al. 2017. Reframing undergraduate medical education in global health: rationale and key principles from the Bellagio Global Health Education Initiative. Med Teach. 39(6):639–645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilotto LS, Duncan GF, Anderson-Wurf J. 2007. Issues for clinicians training international medical graduates: a systematic review. Med J Aust. 187(4):225–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prideaux D. 2019. The global–local tension in medical education: turning ‘think global, act local’ on its head? Med Educ. 53(1):25–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowson M, Smith A, Hughes R, Johnson O, Maini A, Martin S, Martineau F, Miranda JJ, Pollit V, Wake R, et al. 2012. The evolution of global health teaching in undergraduate medical curricula. Global Health. 8(1):35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowson M, Willott C, Hughes R, Maini A, Martin S, Miranda JJ, Pollit V, Smith A, Wake R, Yudkin JS. 2012. Conceptualising global health: theoretical issues and their relevance for teaching. Global Health. 8(1):36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sockalingam S, Khan A, Tan A, Hawa R, Abbey S, Jackson T, Zaretsky A, Okrainec A. 2014. A framework for understanding international medical graduate challenges during transition into fellowship programs. Teach Learn Med. 26(4):401–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stake RE. 2005. Qualitative case studies. In: Denzin NK, Lincoln YS, editors. The Sage handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; p. 443–466.
   Google Scholar
• Stern DT, Ben-David MF, Champlain AD, Hodges B, Wojtczak A, Roy Schwarz M. 2005. Ensuring global standards for medical graduates: a pilot study of international standard-setting. Med Teach. 27(3):207–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stütz A, Green W, McAllister L, Eley D. 2015. Preparing medical graduates for an interconnected world: current practices and future possibilities for internationalizing the medical curriculum in different contexts. J Stud Int Educ. 19(1):28–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teichholtz S, Kreniske JS, Morrison Z, Shack AR, Dwolatzky T. 2015. Teaching corner: an undergraduate medical education program comprehensively integrating global health and global health ethics as core curricula. Bioethical Inquiry. 12(1):51–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waterval DGJ, Frambach JM, Driessen EW, Scherpbier A. 2015. Copy but not paste. A literature review of crossborder curriculum partnerships. J Stud Int Educ. 19(1):65–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wit H. de 2013. Internationalization of higher education, an introduction on the why, how and what. Chap. 1 In: An introduction to higher education internationalisation. Milan: V&P.
   Google Scholar
• Yang M, Lin C-M, Fan G-H, Zhang Z-F. 2016. English stream medical education in China: a case study at Shantou University Medical College. 醫學教育. 20:116–125.
   Google Scholar
• Zulla R, Baerlocher M, Verma S. 2008. International medical graduates (IMGs) needs assessment study: comparison between current IMG trainees and program directors. BMC Med Educ. 8(1):42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar