1,616
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Perfectionism as a mediator of psychological distress: Implications for addressing underlying vulnerabilities to the mental health of medical students

ORCID Icon, &

References

  • Blatt SJ. 1995. The destructiveness of perfectionism. Implications for the treatment of depression. Am Psychol. 50(12):1003–1020.
  • Bußenius L, Harendza S. 2019. The relationship between perfectionism and symptoms of depression in medical school applicants. BMC Med Educ. 19(1):370.
  • Bynum W, Artino A. 2018. Who am I, and who do I strive to be? Applying a theory of self-conscious emotions to medical education. Acad Med. 93(6):874–880.
  • Chae H, Park SH, Garcia D, Lee SJ. 2019. Cloninger’s TCI associations with adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. PeerJ. 7:e798.
  • Chand SP, Chibnall JT, Slavin SJ. 2018. Cognitive behavioral therapy for maladaptive perfectionism in medical students: a preliminary investigation. Acad Psychiatry. 42(1):58–61.
  • Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM, Przybeck TR. 1993. A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 50(12):975–990.
  • Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM, Wetzel RD. 1994. The temperament and character inventory: a guide to its development and use. St Louis, MO: Center for Psychobiology of Personality, Washington University in St Louis.
  • Cloninger CR, Zohar AH. 2011. Personality and the perception of health and happiness. J Affect Disord. 128(1–2):24–32.
  • Costa P, McCrae R. 1992. Four ways five factors are basic. Pers Indiv Diff. 13(6):653–665.
  • Curran T, Hill AP. 2019. Perfectionism is increasing over time: a meta-analysis of birth cohort differences from 1989 to 2016. Psychol Bull. 145(4):410–429.
  • Deary V, Chalder T, Sharpe M. 2007. The cognitive behavioural model of medically unexplained symptoms: a theoretical and empirical review. Clin Psychol Rev. 27(7):781–797.
  • Dubovsky SL, Schrier RW. 1983. The mystique of medical training. JAMA. 250(22):3057–3358.
  • Dyrbye L, Shanafelt TD. 2011. Medical student distress: a call to action. Acad Med. 86:801–803.
  • Dyrbye L, Thomas LN, Shanafelt TD. 2006. Systematic review of depression, anxiety and other indicators of psychologic distress among US and Canadian medical students. Acad Med. 81:354–373.
  • Eley DS, Cloninger CR, Walters L, Laurence C, Synnott R, Wilkinson D. 2013. The relationship between resilience and personality traits in doctors: implications for enhancing well-being. PeerJ. 1:e216.
  • Eley DS, Leung J, Campbell N, Cloninger CR. 2017. Tolerance of ambiguity, perfectionism and resilience are associated with personality profiles of medical students oriented to rural practice. Med Teach. 39(5):512–519.
  • Eley DS, Leung J, Hong BA, Cloninger KM, Cloninger CR. 2016. Identifying the dominant personality profiles in medical students: implications for their well-being and resilience. PLOS One. 11(8):e0160028.
  • Enns MW, Cox BJ. 2002. The nature and assessment of perfectionism: a critical analysis. In: Flett GL, Hewitt PL, editors. Perfectionism. Washington DC: American Psychological Association; p. 33–62.
  • Enns MW, Cox BJ, Sareen J, Freeman P. 2001. Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism in medical students: a longitudinal investigation. Med Educ. 35(11):1034–1042.
  • Feinmann J. 2011. “Disruptive” doctors are often found to be perfectionists, agency reports. BMJ. 342:d876.
  • Flett G, Hewitt PL. 2002. Perfectionism: theory, research and treatment. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Frost R, Marten P, Lahart C, Rosenblate R. 1990. The dimensions of perfectionism. Cogn Ther Res. 14(5):449–468.
  • Frost RO, Heimberg RG, Holt CS, Mattia JI, Neubauer AL. 1993. A comparison of two measures of perfectionism. Pers Indiv Diff. 14(1):119–126.
  • Gray JA. 1982. On mapping anxiety. Behav Brain Sci. 5(3):506–534.
  • Haslam N, Whelan J, Bastian B. 2009. Big Five traits mediate associations between values and subjective well-being. Pers Indiv Diff. 46(1):40–42.
  • Henning K, Ey S, Shaw D. 1998. Perfectionism, the imposter phenomenon and psychological adjustment in medical, dental, nursing and pharmacy students. Med Educ. 32(5):456–464.
  • Henry JD, Crawford JR. 2003. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS): normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol. 42(Pt 2):111–131.
  • Hu KS, Chibnall JT, Slavin SJ. 2019. Maladaptive perfectionism, impostorism, and cognitive distortions: threats to the mental health of pre-clinical medical students. Acad Psychiatry. 43(4):381–385.
  • Josefsson K, Cloninger CR, Hintsanen M, Jokela M, Pulkki-Raback L, Keltikangas-Jarvinen L. 2011. Associations of personality profiles with various aspects of well-being: a population-based study. J Affect Disord. 133(1–2):265–273.
  • Jylha P, Isometsa E. 2005. Temperament, character and symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population. Eur Psychiatry. 21:389–385.
  • Kim JW, Lee HK, Lee K. 2013. Influence of temperament and character on resilience. Compr Psychiatry. 54(7):1105–1110.
  • Leung J, Hong B, Cloninger K, Cloninger CR, Eley DS. 2019. Temperament and character profiles of medical students associated with tolerance of ambiguity and perfectionism. PeerJ. 7:e7109.
  • Lovibond SH, Lovibond PF. 1995. Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales. 2nd ed. Sydney: Psychology Foundation of Australia.
  • Peters M, King K. 2012. Perfectionism in doctors. BMJ. 3:34.
  • Seeliger H, Harendza S. 2017. Is perfect good? – dimensions of perfectionism in newly admitted medical students. BMC Med Educ. 17(1):206.
  • Slavin S. 2019. Reflections on a decade leading a medical student well-being initiative. Acad Med. 94(6):771–774.
  • Slavin SJ, Schindler DL, Chibnall JT. 2014. Medical student mental health 3.0: improving student wellness through curricular changes. Acad Med. 89(4):573–577.
  • Smith DJ, Duffy L, Stewart MS, Muir WJ, Blackwood DHR. 2005. High harm avoidance and low self-directedness in euthymic adults with recurrent, early-onset depression. J Affect Disord. 87(1):83–89.
  • Smith MM, Sherry SB, Vidovic V, Saklofske DH, Stoeber J, Benoit A. 2019. Perfectionism and the five-factor model of personality: a meta-analytic review. Personal Soc Psychol Rev. 23(4):367–390.
  • Stallman HM. 2010. Psychological distress in university students: a comparison with general population data. Australian Psychologist. 45(4):249–257.
  • Stallman HM, Hurst CP. 2011. The factor structure of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale in University Students. Australian Psychologist. 46(4):229–228.
  • Stoeber J, Yang H. 2010. Perfectionism and emotional reactions to perfect and flawed achievements: satisfaction and pride only when perfect. Pers Indiv Diff. 49(3):246–251.
  • Stormon N, Ford PJ, Kisely S, Bartle E, Eley DS. 2019. Depression, anxiety and stress in a cohort of Australian dentistry students. Eur J Dent Educ. 23(4):507–514.
  • Terry-Short LA, Owens RG, Slade PD, Dewey ME. 1995. Positive and negative perfectionism. Pers Indiv Diff. 18(5):663–668.
  • Yeshua M, Zohar A, Berkovich L. 2019. “Silence! The body is speaking” – a correlational study of personality, perfectionism, and self-compassion as risk and protective factors for psychosomatic symptoms distress. Psychol Health Med. 24(2):229–240.
  • Yu JH, Chae SJ, Chang KH. 2016. The relationship among self-efficacy, perfectionism and academic burnout in medical school students. Korean J Med Educ. 28(1):49–55.
  • Yusoff M, Rahim A, Baba A, Ismail S, Mat Pa M, Esa A. 2013. The impact of medical education on psychological health of students: a cohort study. Psychol Health Med. 18(4):420–430.
  • Zhang Y, Gan Y, Cham H. 2007. Perfectionism, academic burnout and engagement among Chinese college students: a structural equation modelling analysis. Pers Indiv Diff. 43(6):1529–1540.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.