Impostorism and anxiety contribute to burnout among resident physicians

References

• Anderson Spickard J, Gabbe SG, Christensen JF. 2002. Mid-career burnout in generalist and specialist physicians. JAMA. 288(12):1447–1450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong J. 1981. Don A. Dillman, mail and telephone surveys. New York (NY): John Wiley & Sons; 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Atherley A, Meeuwissen SNE. 2020. Time for change: overcoming perpetual feelings of inadequacy and silenced struggles in medicine. Med Educ. 54(2):92–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker AB, ten Brummelhuis LL, Prins JT, der Heijden F. v. 2011. Applying the job demands–resources model to the work–home interface: a study among medical residents and their partners. J Vocat Behav. 79(1):170–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bravata DM, Watts SA, Keefer AL, Madhusudhan DK, Taylor KT, Clark DM, Nelson RS, Cokley KO, Hagg HK. 2020. Prevalence, predictors, and treatment of impostor syndrome: a systematic review. J Gen Intern Med. 35(4):1252–1275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown B. 2018. Dare to lead. Vermilion.
   Google Scholar
• Brusaferro S, Agnoletto A P, Gubian F, Balestrieri M. 2000. Use of the Maslach Burnout Inventory to support health care workers management in hospital.
   Google Scholar
• Clance PR. 1985. The impostor phenomenon. Atlanta (GA): Peachtree.
   Google Scholar
• Clance PR, Imes SA. 1978. The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychother Theory Res Pract. 15(3):241–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clance PR, OToole MA. 1987. The imposter phenomenon. Women Ther. 6(3):51–64.
   Google Scholar
• Dean W, Talbot S, Dean A. 2019. Reframing clinician distress: moral injury not burnout. Fed Pract. 36(9):400–402.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Nachreiner F, Schaufeli WB. 2001. The job demands-resources model of burnout. J Appl Psychol. 86(3):499–512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Densen P. 2011. Challenges and opportunities facing medical education. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 122:48–58.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dillman DA, Smyth JD, Christian LM. 2014. Internet, phone, mail, and mixed mode surveys: the tailored design method. 4th ed. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Dyrbye LN, West CP, Satele D, Boone S, Tan L, Sloan J, Shanafelt TD. 2014. Burnout among U.S. medical students, residents, and early career physicians relative to the general U.S. population. Acad Med. 89(3):443–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckleberry-Hunt J, Lick D, Boura J, Hunt R, Balasubramaniam M, Mulhem E, Fisher C. 2009. An exploratory study of resident burnout and wellness. Acad Med. 84(2):269–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson C, Low G, Shiau G. 2020. Resident physician burnout: insights from a Canadian multispecialty survey. Postgrad Med J. 96(1136):331–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [GAD-7] General Anxiety Disorder-7. 2019. MDCalc [Internet]. [accessed May 19]. https://www.mdcalc.com/gad-7-general-anxiety-disorder-7
   Google Scholar
• Gazelle G, Liebschutz JM, Riess H. 2015. Physician burnout: coaching a way out. J Gen Intern Med. 30(4):508–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottlieb M, Chung A, Battaglioli N, Sebok‐Syer SS, Kalantari A. 2020. Impostor syndrome among physicians and physicians in training: a scoping review. Med Educ. 54(2):116–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris PA, Taylor R, Minor BL, Elliott V, Fernandez M, O'Neal L, McLeod L, Delacqua G, Delacqua F, Kirby J, et al. 2019. The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners. J Biomed Inform. 95:103208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. 2009. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)–a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 42(2):377–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes S, Adamson L, Kertay L, Holland C, Clance P. 1993. Measuring the impostor phenomenon: a comparison of Clance's IP Scale and Harvey's I-P Scale. J Pers Assess. 60(1):48–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishak WW, Lederer S, Mandili C, Nikravesh R, Seligman L, Vasa M, Ogunyemi D, Bernstein CA. 2009. Burnout during residency training: a literature review. J Grad Med Educ. 1(2):236–242.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Janko MR, Smeds MR. 2019. Burnout, depression, perceived stress, and self-efficacy in vascular surgery trainees. J Vasc Surg. 69(4):1233–1242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaqua EE, Nguyen V, Park S, Hanna M. 2021. Coping with impostor syndrome. Fam Pract Manag. 28(3):40.
   Google Scholar
• LaDonna KA, Ginsburg S, Watling C. 2018. “Rising to the level of your incompetence”: what physicians’ self-assessment of their performance reveals about the imposter syndrome in medicine. Acad Med. 93(5):763–768. https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2018/05000/_Rising_to_the_Level_of_Your_Incompetence____What.41.aspx
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leach PK, Nygaard RM, Chipman JG, Brunsvold ME, Marek AP. 2019. Impostor phenomenon and burnout in general surgeons and general surgery residents. J Surg Educ. 76(1):99–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legassie J, Zibrowski Elaine M, Goldszmidt MA. 2008. Measuring resident well-being: impostorism and burnout syndrome in residency. J Gen Intern Med. 23(7):1090–1094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslach C, Jackson S, Leiter M. 1996. Maslach burnout inventory manual. 3rd ed. Palo Alto (CA): Consulting Psychologists Pr.
   Google Scholar
• Milam LA, Cohen GL, Mueller C, Salles A. 2019. The relationship between self-efficacy and well-being among surgical residents. J Surg Educ. 76(2):321–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mocanu V, Kuper TM, Marini W, Assane C, DeGirolamo KM, Fathimani K, Baxter NN. 2020. Intersectionality of gender and visible minority status among general surgery residents in Canada. JAMA Surg. 155(10):e202828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgenstern BZ, Beck Dallaghan G. 2021. Should medical educators help learners reframe imposterism? Teach Learn Med. 33(4):445–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oriel K, Plane MB, Mundt MP. 2004. Family medicine residents and the impostor phenomenon. Fam Med. 36(4):248–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues H, Cobucci R, Oliveira A, Cabral JV, Medeiros L, Gurgel K, Souza T, Gonçalves AK. 2018. Burnout syndrome among medical residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS One. 13(11):e0206840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy A, Druker S, Hoge EA, Brewer JA. 2020. Physician anxiety and burnout: symptom correlates and a prospective pilot study of app-delivered mindfulness training. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 8(4):e15608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanafelt TD, Hasan O, Dyrbye LN, Sinsky C, Satele D, Sloan J, West CP. 2015. Changes in burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance in physicians and the general US working population between 2011 and 2014. Mayo Clin Proc. 90(12):1600–1613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sims JD. 2017. A phenomenological examination of imposter phenomenon in music therapy students.
   Google Scholar
• Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, Löwe B. 2006. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 166(10):1092–1097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas M, Bigatti S. 2020. Perfectionism, impostor phenomenon, and mental health in medicine: a literature review. Int J Med Educ. 11:201–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villwock JA, Sobin LB, Koester LA, Harris TM. 2016. Impostor syndrome and burnout among American medical students: a pilot study. Int J Med Educ. 7:364–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West CP, Dyrbye LN, Shanafelt TD. 2018. Physician burnout: contributors, consequences and solutions. J Intern Med. 283(6):516–529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeler DL, Vassar M, Worley JA, Barnes LLB. 2011. A reliability generalization meta-analysis of coefficient alpha for the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Educ Psychol Meas. 71(1):231–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zis P, Anagnostopoulos F, Sykioti P. 2014. Burnout in medical residents: a study based on the job demands-resources model. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014:673279.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar